Education for Cosmopolis

1998 ◽  
pp. 295-307
Author(s):  
Francisco Sierra-Gutierrez
Keyword(s):  
Human Consciousness ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Spirit ◽  
Cultural Community ◽  
Cosmopolitan Education ◽  
Dialectical Self ◽  
Main Strategy

An education for Cosmopolis is a kind of mediation between a cultural matrix and the meaning and value it confers on personal and communal self-appropriation, as genuine human beings, through history. The main strategy for a cosmopolitan educative integrates, around the notion of Cosmopolis, the tasks of an education conceived as a personal achievement and an education conceived as a legacy one generation shares with another. Cosmopolis, as a higher viewpoint of a culture, is based on the power of detachment and disinterestedness of human spirit; it is not an utopia nor an imaginative synthesis. A cosmopolitan education is radically emancipative. It involves a dialectical self-appropriation of the dynamic unit of human consciousness in the variables of development. Self-appropriation involves a fourfold conversion: psycho-affective, intellectual, moral, and religious. A cosmopolitan education also teaches us to think historically, to reach a world-cultural community, and to withdraw from practicality to save practicality. These thoughts are developed from the work of Bernard J. F. Lonergan.

The Question of Disclosure in Photography

Glimpse ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Junichiro Inutsuka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Epistemic Value ◽  
Human Consciousness ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Technological Environment ◽  
Cognitive Transformation ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

Keeping aside discussions about theories of depiction of photography and the epistemic value of photography from the viewer’s perspective, I reconsider this techne from the photographers’ entire act of photographing. It presents the quest of the possibility to regain the world by the art of photography, especially in a situation where human consciousness of the living environment is overwhelmed by the photographic effects. The nature of the current technological environment—while disguising the manifestation of pure humanity, in the sense that it is the externalization of technology due to human nature—is completely destructive. Today, trying to save or regenerate philosophy should be nothing more than seeking a way for human beings to refuse being incorporated as an automaton in an endless track of automated reproduction processes. As one of those who wish to find a way to reconstruct the relationship between humans and nature or to reveal that human existence can only be established in such correlation, I seek a way of breathing human freedom, momentarily disputing this automated living and social environment. In other words, to regain or to play the art of photography, to unsettle what usually works as concrete support for the cognitive transformation making us unconsciously think of the technological environment as something inevitable and natural. It would be presenting a temporary retreat and a more positive way forward.

scholarly journals KEARIFAN LOKAL TAHLILAN-YASINAN DALAM DUA PERSPEKTIF MENURUT MUHAMMADIYAH

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khairani Faizah
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Spirit ◽  
Cultural Expression

Abstract. Tahlilan or selamatan have been rooted and become a custom in the Javanese society. Beginning of the selamatan or tahlilan is derived from the ceremony of ancestors worship of the Nusantara who are Hindus and Buddhists. Indeed tahlilan-yasinan is a form of local wisdom from the worship ceremony. The ceremony as a form of respect for people who have released a world that is set at a time like the name of tahlilan-yasinan. In the perspective of Muhammadiyah, the innocent tahlilan-yasinan with the premise that human beings have reached the points that will only get the reward for their own practice. In addition, Muhammadiyah people as well as many who do tahlilan-yasinan ritual are received tahlian-yasinan as a form of cultural expression. Therefore, this paper conveys how Muhammadiyah deal with it in two perspectives and this paper is using qualitative method. Both views are based on the interpretation of the journey of the human spirit. The human spirit, writing apart from the body, will return to God. Whether the soul can accept the submissions or not, the fact that know the provisions of a spirit other than Allah swt. All human charity can not save itself from the punishment of hell and can not put it into heaven other than by the grace of Allah swt.Keywords: Tahlilan, Bid’ah, MuhammadiyahAbstrak. Ritual tahlilan atau selamatan kematian ini sudah mengakar dan menjadi budaya pada masyarakat Jawa yang sangat berpegang teguh pada adat istiadatnya. Awal mula dari  acara Selamatan atau tahlilan tersebut berasal dari upacara peribadatan (selamatan) nenek moyang bangsa Nusantara yang mayoritasnya beragama Hindu dan Budha. Sejatinya tahlilan merupakan satu bentuk kearifan lokal  dari upacara peribadatan. Upacara tersebut sebagai bentuk penghormatan dan mendo’akan orang yang telah meninggalkan dunia yang diselenggarakan pada waktu seperti halnya waktu tahlilan. Dalam perspektif Muhammadiyah, tahlilan bersifat bid’ah dengan dasar pemikiran bahwa manusia ketika ia telah meninggal hanya akan mendapatkan pahala atas perbuatan yang mereka kerjakan sendiri. Sedangkan dalam perspektif lain, orang Muhammadiyah, secara kultural, juga banyak yang melakukan ritual tahlilan-yasinan sebagai bentuk ekspresi budaya. Oleh karena itu, tulisan ini hendak membentangkan dua sudut pandang mengenai tahlilan-yasinan dalam perspektif Muhammadiyah. Kedua pandangan itu secara garis besar berkaitan dengan tafsir atas perjalanan ruh manusia. Ruh manusia, apabila terpisah dari jasad, akan kembali kepada Allah saw. Apakah ruh dapat menerima kiriman atau tidak, sebenarnya tiada yang mengetahui urusan ruh selain Allah swt. Semua amal manusia tidak dapat menyelamatkan dirinya dari siksa neraka dan tidak pula dapat memasukkannya ke dalam surga selain karena rahmat Allah swt.Kata Kunci: Tahlilan, Bid’ah, Muhammadiyah

Paul Ricœur: Symbols of Good and Evil in History, the Bible and in our Time.

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Marieke Maes
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Anthropology ◽  
Paul Ricoeur ◽  
Human Consciousness ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Paul Ricœur ◽  
The Will ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Good And Evil

In his The Symbolism of Evil Ricœur explores the dynamics of human consciousness of evil in different cultures and times. Consciousness of evil is examined by looking at the different prevailing symbols wherein human beings confess their experience with evil. Although appeared in 1960, this study is still cited in recent publications in psychology, cultural anthropology and religion. In this article I describe the context of The Symbolism of Evil as the last part of Ricœur’s study of the will and give a summary of its relevant content.

Parietal and Occipital Lobe Syndromes

2020 ◽  
pp. 136-148
Author(s):  
Shahzadi Malhotra
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Human Consciousness ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Occipital Lobes ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Complex Organ

The human brain is the most important as well as the most complex organ in the human body. From previous chapters, we by now know that the cerebral cortex is the part of the brain that functions to make human beings unique. Distinctly human traits including higher thought, language, and human consciousness as well as the ability to think, reason, and imagine all originate in the cerebral cortex. The cerebral cortex is the outermost portion that can be divided into the four lobes of the brain. Each bump on the surface of the brain is known as a gyrus, while each groove is known as a sulcus. In this chapter, the authors discuss the parietal and occipital lobes of the cortex. It then highlights their functional issues.

Individual and Society

Mind Shift ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 46-60
Author(s):  
John Parrington
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Human Consciousness ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Trigger Activity ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

This chapter investigates the relationship between the individual and society, which has been hotly disputed among philosophers and politicians through the ages. Recent studies have questioned the idea that human beings are naturally solitary individuals. Instead, they suggest that socialising with others is so central to our species that rejection is registered in the same brain regions that respond to physical pain. Other studies have undermined the idea that human beings are inherently selfish, indicating instead that altruistic acts trigger activity in the ‘reward’ region of the brain that is stimulated when a person experiences pleasure. Studies like these raise the question of how the human brain became so attuned to social cues in this way. Here there are two issues to consider. One is evidence that primates in general have evolved to be highly sensitive to social interactions with other members of their species, and this has been accompanied by enhanced brain growth in order to handle these more sophisticated interactions. Yet while social interaction may be hardwired into our brains because of evolutionary changes in our primate ancestors, some features of our strong tendency towards social interaction may be specifically human. The chapter then looks at Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky’s novel ideas about human consciousness.

scholarly journals Analyzing the transitions from ethnicity to civilization

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Dr. Abdul Rasul Valizada
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Cultural Community

Ethnicity and central ethnicity are central issues in sociology and have been analyzed by sociologists from different angles. Ethnicity or ethnic group is a group of human beings whose members have the same or common ancestral characteristics and origins. Ethnic groups also often have cultural, linguistic, behavioral, and religious commonalities that may be traced back to their ancestors or to other factors; Thus an ethnic group can be a cultural community. The concepts of nation and nationality are closely related to the concepts of ethnic group and ethnicity, but in political societies it imposes a different meaning

scholarly journals J Krishnamurti’s Insight on Meditation

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Merina Islam
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Human Consciousness ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Insight Meditation ◽  
Yoga Meditation

J. Krishnamurti, whose life and teachings spanned the greater part of the 20th Century, is regarded by many as one who has had the most profound impact on human consciousness in modern times. He talked of the things that concern all of us in our everyday life: the problems of living in modern society, the individual’s search for security, and the need for human beings to free themselves from their inner burdens of violence, fear and sorrow. Meditation, according to Krishnamurti, is not the popular tranquilizer that most people call to mind, but an attempt to see if there is an end to knowledge, therefore freedom from the known. What Krishnamurti considers meditation is along the lines of insight meditation or jyana yoga. Meditation is not a means to an end; there is no end, no arrival; it is a movement in time and out of time. Every system and method binds thought to time, but choice less awareness of every thought and feeling, as well as an understanding of their motives, their mechanism, allowing them to blossom, is the beginning of meditation. This paper is an attempt to discuss J. Krishnamurti’s insight on what meditation is and how to practice it.

scholarly journals The integrated model of consciousness

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme E Smith
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Integrated Model ◽  
Early Model ◽  
Human Consciousness ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
First Time ◽  
Advanced Model ◽  
The Brain

Consciousness is simple by definition, and complex by extension. For the first time we may have a look into some of the complexities of Human Consciousness, and how they may have accreted to core consciousness over millenia. From a Core Consciousness that can be traced to the Optical Tectum in early pre-amphibious ancestors, or even earlier in the evolutionary record, to an advanced model that includes at least 6 different sub-models, and grew from an early model of consciousness, we will see the accretion of layers of consciousness upon the basic core consciousness despite setbacks and variations in the evolution of the brain. Similar to some theories that make the mistake of Scala Naturae this theory shows a scale of elaboration that is not meant to reflect the pattern of evolution, merely a list of elaborations that has become standard within the human brain. It is not meant to be exhaustive, merely indicative of the complexity of consciousness as experienced by human beings. That the stages in development of the human brain make a track through time, is not meant to mean that in fact this track was as straight forward or simple as the model might suggest.

Concluding Reflections

2000 ◽  
pp. 219-232
Author(s):  
Eugene Fontinell
Keyword(s):  
Human Consciousness ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Religious Literature ◽  
Individual Consciousness ◽  
Immortal Life

This concluding chapter explains how it appears that immortality belief and terminality belief have been present in varying degrees of explicitness and with shifting degrees of dominance from the dawn of human consciousness. It is interesting to note that in some of the earliest religious literature, it is death rather than immortal life which is seen as the destiny of human beings. The reality of death has taken on a much more terrifying dimension as the intimate continuity of human beings with nature has diminished, tribal and communal supports have lessened, and individual consciousness has acquired a more isolating identity. Death has become intensely personal, and a corresponding fading of belief in personal immortality has heightened the anxiety evoked by the encroachment of nothingness.

The Star of Redemption as a System of Philosophy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Nisenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Human Action ◽  
Human Freedom ◽  
Practical Philosophy ◽  
Human Consciousness ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Abstract Concepts ◽  
Philosophical Investigations ◽  
The World ◽  
Subject And Object

This chapter explains why Schelling and Rosenzweig hold that the representation of God by finite human beings is a topic of practical philosophy. Like Schelling’s Philosophical Investigations into the Essence of Human Freedom and his Ages of the World fragments, Rosenzweig’s Star of Redemption is motivated by an attempt to provide an explanation for the existence of the finite world, for the condition that brings about the relation between subject and object that characterizes all states of human consciousness. The system that Rosenzweig develops in the Star invites us to consider our commitments, the values that we ascribe to ourselves when we form maxims for action, as the means through which abstract concepts of the good are cognized. On Rosenzweig’s view, our commitments are the site of reason’s revelation; for this reason, God is both cognized and realized through human action in the world.

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