"What people call pessimism": Sigmund Freud, Arthur Schnitzler, and nineteenth-century controversy at the University of Vienna Medical School

1991 ◽  
Vol 29 (01) ◽  
pp. 29-0184-29-0184
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Medical School ◽  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Arthur Schnitzler ◽  
University Of Vienna ◽  
Vienna Medical School ◽  
The University

Darwin faces Kant: a study in nineteenth-century physiology

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-44
Author(s):  
S. P. Fullinwider
Keyword(s):  
Medical School ◽  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Directed Attention ◽  
Hermann Von Helmholtz ◽  
University Of Vienna ◽  
Du Bois ◽  
Principle Of Sufficient Reason ◽  
Vienna Medical School ◽  
The University

Recent explorations into Sigmund Freud's intellectual development by Frank Sulloway and Lucille Ritvo have directed attention to the significance of evolutionary theory for psychoanalysis. In this paper I shall pursue the exploration by showing how Darwin was received by members of the so-called Helmholtz circle (Hermann von Helmholtz, Emil du Bois-Reymond, Ernst Brücke) and certain of Freud's teachers in the University of Vienna medical school. I will make the point that the Leibniz–Kant background of these several scientists was important for this reception. I will argue that the Leibniz–Kant tradition came forward to Freud by two roads, Helmholtz's unconscious inference as foundation for a physiology of the senses, and Arthur Schopenhauer's not unrelated uses of the principle of sufficient reason to explain the possibility of lawlikeness in a universe of lawless energies. Finally, I will suggest ways in which Freud received and used the tradition.

The process of defining a profile of student competencies at the University of Vienna Medical School

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick A Merl ◽  
Gottfried S Csanyi ◽  
Paolo Petta ◽  
Martin Lischka ◽  
Richard Marz
Keyword(s):  
Medical School ◽  
University Of Vienna ◽  
Vienna Medical School ◽  
The University ◽  
Student Competencies

scholarly journals Pioneers in Oral Biology: The Migrations of Gottlieb, Kronfeld, Orban, Weinmann, and Sicher From Vienna To America

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nellie W. Kremenak ◽  
Christopher A. Squier
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Medical School ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Association ◽  
Baylor College ◽  
University Of Vienna ◽  
Vienna Medical School ◽  
The University ◽  
Dental Schools

Following the annexation of Austria by Hitler's Germany in 1938, officials at the eminent University of Vienna Medical School purged faculty ranks of lews. Among those forced out were several distinguished physician dentists, several of whom emigrated to the United States. The assimilation of foreign-trained dentists raised questions at national meetings of the AADS and the National Association of Dental Examiners. Already existing ties between dental schools in Chicago and the University of Vienna, including the 1928 appointment of Rudolf Kronfeld to the faculty at Loyola, led to the relocation of Balint Orban, Harry Sicher, and Joseph Peter Weinmann in that city. Bernhard Gottlieb, who had been director of the Dental Institute in Vienna, transplanted less easily, but eventually found a niche at the Baylor College of Dentistry in Dallas. The careers of the Vienna dentist-scientists strengthened the scientific foundations of clinical dentistry in the United States, contributed to the development of a stronger research establishment, and enlarged the scope of oral biology.

scholarly journals Academic relationships between Hungarian professors and the Second Vienna Medical School

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Béla Szende ◽  
Attila Zalatnai
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Medical School ◽  
Medical Doctors ◽  
Surgical Department ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽  
Practice Of Medicine ◽  
Vienna Medical School ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

SummaryThis article discusses the impact of the ‘second’ Vienna Medical School, hallmarked by Karl Rokitansky, Joseph Skoda and Ferdinand Hebra, on the study and practice of medicine in Hungary. Six medical doctors’ lives and achievements are outlined, who formed a bridge between Vienna and Budapest through their studies and work. Four of them returned to Hungary and promoted the cause of medicine and medical education there. Lajos Arányi (1812–1877) founded in 1844 the Institute of Pathology at the University of Pest. János Balassa (1814–1868) took the Chair of the Surgical Department. Ignaz Philip Semmelweis (1818–1865), the ‘Saviour of Mothers’, received a position at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Vienna in 1846. Gustav Scheuthauer (1832–1894) became Arányi’s successor. Each of them continued to keep contact with their tutors in Vienna, especially with Karl Rokitansky, and followed the clinicopathological conception pioneered by the Vienna Medical School regarding diagnostics, treatment and prevention of diseases. Two physicians remained in Vienna: Mór Kaposi (1837–1902), who became known worldwide posthumously due to the connection between Kaposi’s sarcoma and AIDS, was the director of the Department of Dermatology of the Vienna University in 1878. Salomon Stricker (1837–1898) undertook the leadership of the Department of General and Experimental Pathology in 1872.

scholarly journals Thomas Graham Brown, 1882-1965

1966 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Medical Student ◽  
Medical School ◽  
Royal College ◽  
Royal Navy ◽  
The Family ◽  
Reflex Movement ◽  
The University ◽  
Edinburgh Medical

Thomas Graham Brown was a neurophysiologist well known in the twenties for the detailed studies of reflex movement and posture which he made by Sherrington’s methods, and perhaps better known in the thirties as the redoubtable climber who had found several new routes to the summit of Mont Blanc. He was born in 1882 in Edinburgh. His father, Dr J. J. Graham Brown, was to be President of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh in 1912 and was related to several of the eminent doctors who had maintained the reputation of the Edinburgh Medical School throughout the nineteenth century. It was natural therefore that the son should be trained to medicine and should go to his father’s school, the Edinburgh Academy, and afterwards to the University as a medical student. There were four children in the family, Thomas, the eldest, a brother who became a Captain in the Royal Navy, one who became an architect and one sister. The two elder boys used sometimes to sail with their father in the yacht which he shared with a friend, and in Thomas the interest revived when he was too old for climbing but could still make long cruises in a small motor boat. When he was a schoolboy he was fond of swimming and diving, skating and golf, but there was a period when his eyesight was troublesome and he was sent to an oculist friend of his father in Wiesbaden to be treated and to learn German.

Edinburgh and Paris

2019 ◽  
pp. 107-155
Author(s):  
Bill Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Medical School ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
University Of Edinburgh ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

Paris was the most important centre for evolutionary speculations in Europe in the early nineteenth century. Two of its most influential evolutionary thinkers, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire both worked there in the city’s Museum of Natural History. This chapter explores the impact of these French thinkers’ theories in Edinburgh and the close connections that existed between natural history circles in the two cities. It was common for students and graduates of the medical school of the University of Edinburgh to spend time studying in Paris, where they imbibed many of the exciting new ideas being discussed there. Two of the key figures discussed in this book, Robert Grant and Robert Knox, had both spent time in Paris and were deeply influenced by the theories they encountered there. The chapter also examines the impact of the key writings of Lamarck and Geoffroy in Edinburgh.

From Childhood Experience to ARS Poetica: Forming Substitutes

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-52
Author(s):  
Gloria De Vincenti
Keyword(s):  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Creative Process ◽  
The Self ◽  
Artistic Creation ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
University Of Vienna ◽  
Ars Poetica ◽  
The University ◽  
Reality Principle

In 1915 Sigmund Freud began a series of three sets of introductory lectures on psychoanalysis, at the University of Vienna. During the 23rd lecture, delivered in 1917, he engaged in a discussion on the conflict between the realm of phantasy and the reality-principle. Towards the conclusion, though, he envisaged a resolution and declared that “there is a path from phantasy to reality — the path, that is, of art.” In 1915 the artist and writer Arnaldo Ginna, one of the prominent figures of the Second Florentine Futurism avant-garde movement, had been investigating the function of artistic creation in relation to dreams, namely “to evoke in the most real reality the visions that have been dreams so far.” This paper explores the significance of the creative process and the mechanisms involved in the shift from phantasy to reality. Taking a Freudian standpoint, the analysis brings the Futurists' theoretical contribution into the discussion. The study demonstrates how the artist reconnects the self, on a public ground, with the legacy of childhood which endures within us.

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