America's top rated cities: a statistical handbook. v.1: Southern region; v.2: Western region; v.3: Central region; v.4: Eastern region; v.5: Northern region

The Yellow River Basin (YRB), located in the northern region of China, has a fragile ecological environment. With the construction of urbanization and ecological restoration projects, the YRB LULC has undergone significant change. In this study, we used the coupled Markov-FLUS model by combining natural and social driver factors to predict and simulate the LULC of the YRB in 2030, and then the LULC transfer matrix was used to analyze the characteristics of LULC change in the YRB from 1990 to 2030. The results of the study are as follows. (1) For the simulated result of LULC compared with the same period observed result, the Kappa coefficient is 0.92, indicating the coupled Markov-FLUS model has good applicability in the YRB. (2) The LULC in the YRB shows significant spatial autocorrelation. The cropland is mainly distributed in the eastern region, which is dominated by plain; woodland is mainly distributed in the central region; grassland is mainly distributed in the northern, central, and western region; waterbody is mainly distributed in the western region; built-up land is mainly distributed in the northern, south-central, and eastern region; unused land is mainly distributed in the central, northern, and western region. (3) From 1990 to 2000, the area of cropland transferred in significantly and the area of grassland transferred out significantly; from 2000 to 2015, the area of construction land transferred in significantly and the area of cultivated land transferred out significantly; from 2015 to 2030, the amount of cropland transferred out will be large, and the conversion of each other LULC type will be not significant compared with the previous periods, and the conversion structure of LULC will tend to be stable. This study is a crucial reference value for the high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin.

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The Age, Sex, and Geographical Distribution of Self-Reported Asthma Triggers on Children With Asthma in China

Frontiers in Pediatrics ◽

10.3389/fped.2021.689024 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Changhao Zhang ◽

Yan Kong ◽

Kunling Shen

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Geographical Distribution ◽

Central Region ◽

Tobacco Smoke ◽

Action Plan ◽

Western Region ◽

Eastern Region ◽

Allergen Sensitization ◽

Children With Asthma ◽

Asthma Triggers

Background: Asthma can be exacerbated by many triggers, and the heterogeneity of asthma triggers is clear among children with asthma. This study describes asthma triggers using a large-scale electronic dataset from the smartphone-based Chinese Children's Asthma Action Plan (CCAAP) app and aims to examine the difference in asthma triggers among different subgroups of children with asthma.Methods: Data from the smartphone-based CCAAP app between February 22, 2017, and November 23, 2020, were reviewed, and children with asthma who reported their asthma triggers were enrolled. Eight common asthma triggers were listed in the software: upper respiratory infection (URI), allergen sensitization, exercise, emotional disturbances, pungent odors, air pollution/smog, weather change, and tobacco smoke. We compared the incidence of asthma triggers among different subgroups (<6 years vs. 6–17 years; boy vs. girl; eastern region vs. central region vs. western region).Results: We enrolled 6,835 patients with self-reported asthma triggers. When compared by sex, boys had a higher proportion of exercise-triggered asthma than girls (boys vs. girls, 22.5 vs. 19.7%, p < 0.05). The proportion of patients <6 years of age with URI-triggered asthma was higher than that of patients 6–17 years of age (<6 vs. 6–17 years, 80.9 vs. 74.9%, p < 0.001). Patients 6–17 years of age were more likely than patients <6 years of age to report five of the asthma triggers: allergen sensitization (<6 vs. 6–17 years, 26.6 vs. 35.8%, p < 0.001), exercise (<6 vs. 6–17 years, 19.3 vs. 23.7%, p < 0.001), pungent odors (<6 vs. 6–17 years, 8.8 vs. 12.7%, p < 0.001), air pollution/smog (<6 vs. 6–17 years, 9.4 vs. 16.2%, p < 0.001), and tobacco smoke (<6 vs. 6–17 years, 3.5 vs. 5.3%, p < 0.001). In subgroups based on geographical distribution, asthma triggering of allergen sensitization was reported to be the most common in patients from the eastern region (eastern region vs. central region vs. western region, 35.0 vs. 24.6 vs. 28.0%, p < 0.001). Exercise-triggered asthma was found to be the most prevalent among patients from the central region (eastern region vs. central region vs. western region, 21.6 vs. 24.8 vs. 20.4%, p < 0.05). However, the proportion of patients with air pollution/smog as an asthma trigger was the lowest among those from the western region (eastern region vs. central region vs. western region, 14.1 vs. 14.1 vs. 10.8%, p < 0.05).Conclusion: Children with asthma present different types of asthma triggers, both allergenic and nonallergenic. Age, sex, and geographical distribution affect specific asthma triggers. Preventive measures can be implemented based on a patient's specific asthma trigger.

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The influence of programme differences on crime reduction in opioid maintenance treatment. An analysis of regional patterns in Norway

Norsk Epidemiologi ◽

10.5324/nje.v21i1.1432 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anne Bukten ◽

Svetlana Skurtveit ◽

Michael Gossop ◽

Helge Waal ◽

Per Stangeland ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Maintenance Treatment ◽

Northern Region ◽

Continuous Treatment ◽

Dropping Out ◽

Western Region ◽

Eastern Region ◽

Font Size ◽

Opioid Maintenance Treatment ◽

Criminal Convictions ◽

The Western Region

Aims: Design: Official national criminal records were cross linked with all patients who started opioid maintenance treatment in Norway from 1997-2003 (n=3221), including patients from four different health regions in Norway; the Eastern region (n=1717), the Southern region (n=751), the Western region (n=586) and the Central-Northern region (n=167). Patients in each region were divided into separate groups according to whether they were retained or not retained in continuous treatment.Findings: During opioid maintenance treatment, patients in all four treatment regions had a considerable reduction in criminal convictions compared to pre-treatment levels. Criminal convictions during treatment were associated with retention in treatment. Among patients in continuous treatment, significant differences were found in levels of criminal convictions among the four treatment regions during treatment. Compared to patients in the Eastern region, patients in the Southern and the Central-Northern region had respectively 44 and 81 percent less criminal convictions during treatment, and patients in the Western region had 60 percent more convictions. For patients not in continuous treatment, no statistically significant differences were found between the four regions during treatment.Conclusions: Differences in criminal convictions during treatment may be related to regional differences in treatment practice within the national OMT system. In all regions, criminal convictions during OMT were higher for patients dropping out of treatment. It is suggested that clinical staff should offer more support to patients at risk of dropping out of treatment.Background: Reduced criminal activity is an important outcome for opioid maintenance treatment (OMT).

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INCIDENCE OF OPEN NEURAL TUBE DEFECT (ONTD)

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2013.20.02.640 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 20 (02) ◽

pp. 199-201

Author(s):

ALGAHTANY MUBARAK ALI

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Retrospective Study ◽

Neural Tube ◽

Neural Tube Defect ◽

Central Region ◽

Southern Region ◽

Eastern Region ◽

Hospital Data ◽

Live Births ◽

Central Regions

Objective: To determine the incidence of open neural tube defect (ONTD) in Asir Province, Southern region of KSA andcompare with eastern region and central region of the country and determine if the incidence is stable or changing over the years. Design:Prospective study. Period: January 2009 to December 2011 and retrospective study of the period March 2003 to January 2007. Materialand methods: We compared the number of newborns with ONTD for different periods. Results: Out of 18 patients in the prospectivegroup 12 were female and 6 male. The incidence is 1.34 per 1000 live births. Hospital Data from year 2003 to 2007 shows 32 totaladmissions for ONTD in 4 years. Conclusions: Comparison with eastern region and central regions gives a slightly high incidencecomparing 1.34/1000 live births to 1.09/1000 in central region and 0.97/1000 live births in eastern region. There is a decline in thenumber of ONTD cases in Asir Province, Southern region of Saudi Arabia.

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Study on the Impact of Industrial Informatization on Economic Growth

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202125101113 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 251 ◽

pp. 01113

Author(s):

Jingying Zhu

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Regression Model ◽

Central Region ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Western Region ◽

Eastern Region ◽

Regional Heterogeneity ◽

East Central ◽

The Western Region ◽

The Impact

Based on the basic regression model, this paper analyzes the impact of industrial informatization on China’s economic growth. The research shows that industrial informatization has a significant positive impact on China’s economic growth. Then, considering the significant differences in the development of industrial informatization in different regions of China, the paper further explores the regional heterogeneity of industrial informatization on economic growth. The results show that there are significant differences in the impact of industrial informatization on economic growth in the three major regions of East, Central and West. That is, industrial informatization has the strongest effect on promoting economic growth in the eastern region, followed by the central region, and industrial informatization has the weakest effect on promoting economic growth in the western region.

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Acanthosaura aurantiacrista (Squamata: Agamidae), a new long horn lizard from northern Thailand

Biodiversity Data Journal ◽

10.3897/bdj.8.e48587 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Poramad Trivalairat ◽

Kirati Kunya ◽

Lawan Chanhome ◽

Montri Sumontha ◽

Taksa Vasaruchapong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Strong Support ◽

Tail Length ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Northern Region ◽

Pairwise Distance ◽

Length Ratio ◽

Western Region ◽

Eastern Region ◽

Nature Protection ◽

Northern Thailand

In Thailand, five species of Acanthosaura have been recorded so far, including Acanthosaura armata from the southern region, A. cardamomensis from the eastern region, A. crucigera from the western region, A. lepidogaster from the northern region and A. phuketensis from the Phuket Island and south-western region. However, comprehensive studies of diversity patterns and distribution of Acanthosaura are still lacking in some areas and need further information for designating areas of special conservation importance and nature protection planning in Thailand. Acanthosaura aurantiacrista is a new species of long-horned lizard of the genus Acanthosaura from northern Thailand. It is distinguished from all other species of Acanthosaura by a dagger-like nuchal spine with yellowish-orange colouration in females, bright yellow colouration in males and a combination of other morphological characters: a greater tail length to snout-vent length ratio; a larger postorbital spine, nuchal spine, dorsal spine and occipital spine compared to its head length; a smaller diastema to snout-vent length ratio; a greater number of subdigital lamellae on the fourth finger and fourth toe; and a larger gular pouch than other Acanthosaura species. Analysis of mitochondrial ND2 gene sequences revealed a sister clade between the A. aurantiacrista lineage and the A. crucigera lineage with a 100% probability of divergence, according to Bayesian analysis and strong support value for Maximum Likelihood analysis. The pairwise distance ranged from 13.8-15.0% between A. aurantiacrista and A. cardamomensis, 10.9-14.5% between A. aurantiacrista and A. crucigera and 0-1.2% amongst A. aurantiacrista populations. The discovery of this lizard increases the known endemic herpetological diversity and underscores the importance of conservation in the mountain rainforest region of northern Thailand.

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