Stephanus of Byzantium’s Vocabulary

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Local Form ◽  
Linguistic Terms ◽  
Similar Term ◽  
Linguistic Usage ◽  
Opening Section

The text of the Epitome of Stephanus contains no preliminary statement of principle regarding grammatical rules for individual ethnics, and although reference may be made under individual ethnics to regional or local usage, the information is repetitive and simply ad hoc. We are not in a position to say whether that is how the text was left by Stephanus, or whether an opening section or sections were excised by the epitomator(s). There are two recognisable features of the Epitome as a whole: (a) the inclusion in it, with corresponding ‘ethnics’ or a similar term, of a number of items which cannot by their very nature have had a civic role, and thus could not strictly have generated an ἐθνικόν, since they do not belong to that category of names. Alongside these irregular entries, there is another group of linguistic terms (b), which Stephanus uses to express departure from either an analogistic or local form, in such phrases as ‘it should be … ’. This chapter presents a list of some typical examples of the first class of entry; a second list illustrates different principles of linguistic usage recorded by Stephanus for features which have no independent political (including tribal) existence, but are included by him in his text; that is to say, forms which are justified or rejected by him in terms of the rules of ‘ethnic’ usage.

Creating Reduced Kinetics Models That Satisfy the Entropy Inequality

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan H. Jones ◽  
Paul G. A. Cizmas ◽  
John C. Slattery
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Kinetics ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Laminar Flame ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Entropy Inequality ◽  
Reacting Flows ◽  
Local Form ◽  
Differential Entropy ◽  
Reduced Mechanism ◽  
Chemically Reacting

In simulating chemically reacting flows, the differential entropy inequality (the local form of the second law of thermodynamics) must be satisfied in addition to the differential mass, momentum and energy balances. Previously we have shown that entropy violations occur when using a global/reduced mechanism. Herein we show that entropy violations also occur when using a detailed/skeletal/reduced mechanism. Using a recent theorem [1], we illustrate how to modify a reduced chemical kinetics model to automatically satisfy the differential entropy inequality. The numerical solution of a methane laminar flame was improved when using reduced chemical kinetics modified in this way. In addition, an ad hoc temperature limiter is no longer necessary.

Worlds in worlds: Assigning inferences to subdomains

2004 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Bailin
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Linguistic Terms ◽  
Conceptual Domain ◽  
Complex Phenomena

AbstractThis article examines the question of when inferences we make from a text apply to a conceptual subdomain and not the main conceptual domain of the text. In the process of understanding a text, we make these determinations all the time, easily, intuitively. This would suggest underlying principles, rather than ad hoc judgments or a wide set of disparate factors. It is such underlying principles that this article investigates. The framework proposed here allows us to account not only for instances in which a space builder is crucial to assigning propositions to subdomains, but also for cases where there is no such explicit mechanism. It allows us to account in a systematic way for the fact that certain linguistic terms can function as space builders at certain times but not at others, as well as providing ways of understanding more complex phenomena related to metaphor and equivocation.

Die COVID-19-Pandemie im akutstationären Setting aus Sicht von Führungspersonen und Hygienefachkräften in der Pflege

Pflege ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 289-298
Author(s):  
Katharina Silies ◽  
Angelika Schley ◽  
Janna Sill ◽  
Steffen Fleischer ◽  
Martin Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Qualitative Studie ◽  
Skill Mix ◽  
Task Forces

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Die COVID-19-Pandemie ist eine Ausnahmesituation ohne Präzedenz und erforderte zahlreiche Ad-hoc-Anpassungen in den Strukturen und Prozessen der akutstationären Versorgung. Ziel: Ziel war es zu untersuchen, wie aus Sicht von Führungspersonen und Hygienefachkräften in der Pflege die stationäre Akutversorgung durch die Pandemiesituation beeinflusst wurde und welche Implikationen sich daraus für die Zukunft ergeben. Methoden: Qualitative Studie bestehend aus semistrukturierten Interviews mit fünf Verantwortlichen des leitenden Pflegemanagements und drei Hygienefachkräften in vier Krankenhäusern in Deutschland. Die Interviews wurden mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet. Ergebnisse: Die Befragten beschrieben den auf die prioritäre Versorgung von COVID-19-Fällen hin umstrukturierten Klinikalltag. Herausforderungen waren Unsicherheit und Angst bei den Mitarbeiter_innen, relative Ressourcenknappheit von Material und Personal und die schnelle Umsetzung neuer Anforderungen an die Versorgungleistung. Dem wurde durch gezielte Kommunikation und Information, massive Anstrengungen zur Sicherung der Ressourcen und koordinierte Steuerung aller Prozesse durch bereichsübergreifende, interprofessionelle Task Forces begegnet. Schlussfolgerungen: Die in der COVID-19-Pandemie vorgenommenen Anpassungen zeigen Entwicklungspotenziale für die zukünftige Routineversorgung auf, z. B. könnten neue Arbeits- und Skill Mix-Modelle aufgegriffen werden. Für die Konkretisierung praktischer Implikationen sind vertiefende Analysen der Daten mit zeitlichem Abstand erforderlich.

Tests und Tools

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Kauffeld
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Non Profit

Zusammenfassung. Der FEO, der in Kooperation mit betrieblichen Praktikern entwickelt wurde, dient der Erfassung des Organisationsklimas. Er umfasst 82 Items und bildet 12 Skalen ab. Eine Stärke des FEO im Gegensatz zu ad hoc entwickelten Befragungsinstrumenten sind die Vergleichsdaten, die für Profit- und Non-Profit-Organisationen bereit gestellt werden. Kritisch diskutiert wird die theoretische Verortung, die Anwenderfreundlichkeit sowie der Nutzen der individuellen Auswertung. Die konsensuale, konvergente, diskriminante und kriterienbezogene Validierung steht aus.

Test Use in Spain, Portugal and Latin American Countries

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Muñiz ◽  
Gerardo Prieto ◽  
Leandro Almeida ◽  
Dave Bartram
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Test Construction ◽  
European Federation ◽  
Psychometric Characteristics ◽  
Testing Practices ◽  
Professional Psychologists ◽  
Test Use ◽  
Latin American Countries

Summary: The two main sources of errors in educational and psychological evaluation are the lack of adequate technical and psychometric characteristics of the tests, and especially the failure to properly implement the testing process. The main goal of the present research is to study the situation of test construction and test use in the Spanish-speaking (Spain and Latin American countries) and Portuguese-speaking (Portugal and Brazil) countries. The data were collected using a questionnaire constructed by the European Federation of Professional Psychologists Association (EFPPA) Task Force on Tests and Testing, under the direction of D. Bartram . In addition to the questionnaire, other ad hoc data were also gathered. Four main areas of psychological testing were investigated: Educational, Clinical, Forensic and Work. Key persons were identified in each country in order to provide reliable information. The main results are presented, and some measures that could be taken in order to improve the current testing practices in the countries surveyed are discussed. As most of the tests used in these countries were originally developed in other cultures, a problem that appears to be especially relevant is the translation and adaptation of tests.

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