scholarly journals Trend of cereal crops production area and productivity, in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Gizaw Wasihun ◽  
Assegid Desu
Keyword(s):  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Production Area

Formation of botanical composition of clover cereal and alfalfa cereal crops agrophytocenoses depending on sowing method

2020 ◽  
pp. 160-168
Author(s):  
I. Senyk
Keyword(s):  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Adverse Weather

Botanical composition of grasses is one of the most important indicators the biological value and quality of the obtained hay and pasture forage, the longevity of hayfi elds and pastures depend on. The issue of changing the botanical composition of agrophytocenoses is especially important in the context of global climate change, which in recent decades is also manifested in the territory of Ukraine, as it is possible to establish the most adapted species of legumes and cereals to adverse weather conditions and to identify eff ective technological methods of managing these processes for maximum conservation economically valuable species in the herbage. The purpose of the research is to establish the infl uence of diff erent ways of sowing of clover and alfalfa cereal crops agrophytocenoses on the formation of their botanical composition. Field studies have established diff erent eff ects of conventional in-line, cross-section and cross-sectional methods of sowing on the formation of botanical composition of grass mixtures of clover meadow (Trifolium pratense) varieties Sparta and Pavlyna with timothy meadow (Phleum pratense) and fenugreek multifl oral (Lolium multifl orum) and of agrophytocenoses of alfalfa of Sinyukha and Seraphima sowing varieties with reed fire (Festuca arundinacea Schreb) and middle wheatgrass (Elytrigia intermedia). For the average of four years of life of clover and alfalfa cereal crops agrophytocenoses, the highest proportion of legume component was observed with split-cross sowing – 51.6 % for Sparta, 53.1 % for Pavlyna, 60.3 % for Seraphima and 61.6 % for the Sinyukha variety. In the fourth year of life (the third year of use) of sowed leguminous-cereals agrophytocenoses, the preservation of the legume component was 14.6–15.5 % in clover-cereals grass mixtures with the Sparta variety and 16.0–16.8 % with the Pavlyna variety. In alfalfa grasslands, these indicators were 54.0–55.1 % with Seraphim and 55.0–56.2 % with Sinyukha. Among the studied varieties of clover meadow and alfalfa sowing proved better in the conditions of the Forest Steppe of western Pavlyna and Sinyukha. Cross-sectional and divided cross-sectional sowing of legumes and cereals mixtures proved to be better compared to conventional row crops in terms of conservation of economically valuable grass species. Key words: agrophytocenosis, botanical composition, clover meadow, alfalfa sowing, sowing methods.

NATURAL REPRODUCTION OF ENTOMOPHAGES TO RESTORE BIOCENOTIC REGULATION IN CEREAL CROPS

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 1070-1079
Author(s):  
Zh.A. Shirinyan ◽  
◽  
M.V. Pushnya ◽  
E.Yu. Rodionova ◽  
E.G. Snesareva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Natural Reproduction

Economic eficiency of cereal crops production by application of PAM

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 693-696
Author(s):  
Krunoslav Zmaic ◽  
Ruzica Loncaric ◽  
Tihana Sudaric
Keyword(s):  
Cereal Crops

IMPLEMENTATION OF LOW-TRAUMATIC TECHNOLOGY OF GRAIN SEPARATION FROM A WHEAT EAR: RESULTS OF THE PILOT STUDIES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.I. Pakhomov ◽  
◽  
S.V. Braginets ◽  
O.N. Bakhchevnikov ◽  
A.I. Rukhlyada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Separation Process ◽  
Experimental Device ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Traditional Technology ◽  
Air Jet ◽  
Cereal Breeding ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Partial Abrasion

Low-traumatic technology of grain separation from an ear is developed. It consists in influence of an air jet on an ear.It leads to rolling of an ear on a surface of the threshing device concave and causes its partial abrasion which is followed by grains separation. Process of wheat ears low-traumatic threshing in the experimental device yields satisfactory results, provides reduces grain endosperm damage on 10-12% in comparison with traditional technology. Germ of grain damage decreases by 5%.Crushing of grain made no more than 0,5%. Use of the developed technology of the low-traumatic threshing will allow to reduce grain damage of cereal crops in case of the harvesting. It is important by cereal breeding.

Inventarisasi Plasma Nutfah Serealia Lahan Kering Di Sekitar Kawasan Taman Nasional Kelimutu

AGRICA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-68
Author(s):  
Sri Wahyuni ◽  
Murdaningsih Murdaningsih
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Cultivation Techniques

The goal of this research was to identify the dryland cereal crop seed plasma types growing around Kelimutu National Park, located in Ende district on the island of Flores in Indonesia, by observing crop morphology and cultivation techniques.  Cereal crops represent the largest source of carbohydrates in the regional diet in comparison to other food groups in this area where dry land makes up 80% of the total available land.  It is estimated that the Ende district of Flores has adequate potential to produce dryland cereal as a staple food crop.  Previous studies have shown that farmer preference is shifting towards the cultivation of crops with a higher economic value which threatens the existence of some cereal crops.  Concurrently, shifts in eating habits have made rice a staple food in this region, leading to increased consumption and threatening the existence of other cereal crops.  Furthermore, outsiders tend to think of areas like Flores as being impoverished, with frequent problems with food security. Currently, there is a lack of knowledge within the youth population about the types of foods, especially cereals, which are rich in nutrients and their use in rituals.  This research aims to address this gap by collecting information on cereal crops in and around Kelimutu National Park for dissemination through educational and cultural tours. This study was conducted in the eastern subdistrict of Ndona, Flores and Wolojita Detusoko between June and December 2011.  Study findings identified 5 main cereal crops: paddy fields (consisting of: Are Rumba, Are Sela, Are Obo, Are Laka, Amera, Eko Ndale, Kea Ria, Are Mera, Are Kea Mboa, Eko Ena), corn (consisting of Java Roga, Nggela Java, Java, Keo Ri’a), sorghum (consisting of mera Lolo, Lolo Mite and Lolo Telo Leko), barley (consisting of Mera and Wete Wete Bara) and millet (consisting of Ke’o Mite and Ke’o).  Of the five types of cereal crops identified, one type (Pega, a subspecies of barley with a sorghum-like panicle) is not found in four of the districts.  It was found that corn, classified as a native plant, is strengthened through cultivation by re-seeding.  Study results illustrated that corn in this area is of reduced genetic quality, as illustrated by the fact that 3-4 cobs did not develop.  Alternatively, the Ke’o Bara strain of barley has a morphology and panicle strand number (270-300) that suggest that this species is typical of this region.

Impact of Fertigation versus Controlled-release Fertilizer Formulations on Nitrate Concentrations in Nursery Drainage Water

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Chris Wilson ◽  
Joseph P. Albano
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Fertilization Program ◽  
Median Concentration ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Foliage Plant ◽  
Production Areas

Nitrate-nitrogen (N) losses in surface drainage and runoff water from ornamental plant production areas can be considerable. In N-limited watersheds, discharge of N from production areas can have negative impacts on nontarget aquatic systems. This study monitored nitrate-N concentrations in production area drainage water originating from a foliage plant production area. Concentrations in drainage water were monitored during the transition from 100% reliance on fertigation using urea and nitrate-based soluble formulations (SF) to a nitrate-based controlled-release formulation (CRF). During the SF use period, nitrate-N concentrations ranged from 0.5 to 322.0 mg·L−1 with a median concentration of 31.2 mg·L−1. Conversely, nitrate-N concentrations during the controlled-release fertilization program ranged from 0 to 147.9 mg·L−1 with a median concentration of 0.9 mg·L−1. This project demonstrates that nitrate-N concentrations in drainage water during the CRF program were reduced by 94% to 97% at the 10th through 95th percentiles relative to the SF fertilization program. Nitrate-N concentrations in drainage water from foliage plant production areas can be reduced by using CRF fertilizer formulations relative to SF formulations/fertigation. Similar results should be expected for other similar containerized crops. Managers located within N-limited watersheds facing N water quality regulations should consider the use of CRF fertilizer formulations as a potential tool (in addition to appropriate application rates and irrigation management) for reducing production impacts on water quality.

Sorption of pesticides used in banana production on soils of Ecuador

Soil Research ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya Cáceres ◽  
Guang-Guo Ying ◽  
Rai Kookana
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Ecosystem Health ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Banana Production ◽  
Kd Values ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Impact Of Pesticides

There is concern about the migration and adverse impact of pesticides used in banana production systems in Ecuador on aquaculture and ecosystem health. Therefore, we studied the sorption of chlorothalonil, fenamiphos, and its 2 metabolites (fenamiphos sulfone and fenamiphos sulfoxide), by batch method on 6 surface soils from the Guayas River Basin (1–3�S, 79–81�W), a major banana production area of Ecuador. The sorption of chlorothalonil on the 6 soils was high and varied considerably as shown by the Kd values ranging from 68.50 to 152.60 L/kg. The sorption coefficients normalised with the organic carbon content of soil (Koc) for chlorothalonil ranged from 2330 to 7336 kg/L, with a mean value of 4012 kg/L. These Koc values are higher than those previously reported in the literature. The sorption of fenamiphos and its metabolites to the 6 soils varied among soils in a similar pattern. The Kd values ranged from 5.66 to 14.31�L/kg for fenamiphos, from 2.81 to 8.79 L/kg for fenamiphos sulfone, and from 0.77 to 4.00 L/kg for fenamiphos sulfoxide, respectively. In all of the soils the sorption coefficients of both metabolites of fenamiphos were lower than that for the parent compound. The Koc values ranged from 220 to 515 kg/L (mean value 371 kg/L) for fenamiphos, from 29 to 141 kg/L (mean value of 76 kg/L) for fenamiphos sulfoxide, and from 79 to 334 kg/L (mean value of 191 kg/L) for fenamiphos sulfone. Chlorothalonil had much stronger sorption than fenamiphos and its metabolites on the Ecuadorian soil. Due to lower sorption and therefore greater mobility and longer persistence of the fenamiphos metabolites, these compounds need adequate consideration during residue monitoring and assessment of potential off-site impacts on ecosystem health and aquaculture in the Guayas River Basin.

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