scholarly journals Evaluation of the levels of selected heavy metals in leafy vegetables from irrigation farming sites in Jos, Plateau, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
Y. Gazuwa Samuel ◽  
E. Olotuche Ochube
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Jos Plateau

scholarly journals Proximate and Mineral Composition of Some Leafy Vegetables Sold in Farin Gadan Market in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
E. G. Ibrahim ◽  
M. A. Gube-Ibrahim ◽  
D. O. Adekeye ◽  
N. J. Numonaya
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Jos Plateau ◽  
Plateau State

This study was carried out to determine the mineral concentration and proximate composition of four different leafy vegetable collected in from Farin Gadan Market Jos Plateau State Nigeria and extracted using double acid extraction method. Heavy metals concentration was performed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer and proximate composition was determined by Association of, Official Analytical chemistry (AOAC,1999) method. Results showed that the highest level of lead was found in Jute (0.045 ±0.004) while Lettuce (0.001 ±0.007) had the lowest level of lead. The leafy vegetables in this study may have been polluted with lead through pollutants in irrigation water, farm soil or due to pollution from the highway traffic. Chromium and cadmium were observed to be low in all the leafy vegetables analyzed, which is still within the safe limit set by FAO/WHO. Zinc had the highest concentration (2.802± 0.012) in bitter leaf, proximate analysis indicated significant variability in the constituents contained in the leafy vegetables studied (Carbohydrate, Ash content, crude protein, crude fats, crude fibre and moisture content in descending order). The highest moisture content was found in Lettuce (7.791%) and the highest crude protein in Bitter leaf (12.88%). The concentrations of the toxic heavy metals are within the tolerable limits of some regulatory authorities. However, there is need for continuous monitoring of heavy metal and proximate analysis in leafy vegetables because, leafy vegetables are the main sources of food supplements for humans in many parts of the world and are considered as bio-indicators of environmental pollution. 

scholarly journals Monitoring of toxic metals (cadmium, lead, arsenic and mercury) in vegetables of Sindh, Pakistan

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abbas ◽  
Zahida Parveen ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal ◽  
M Riazuddin ◽  
Sajid Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Hydride Generation ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Sindh Province ◽  
Cadmium Lead

A monitoring study was carried out with the aim to assess the level of toxic metals i.e., lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) in different vegetables grown in Sindh province of Pakistan during 2007-2008. Two hundred ten samples of twenty one vegetables were collected from farmers' field of Sindh and exporters at Karachi. These samples were grouped into four categories viz., leafy, root and tuberous, cucurbits and fruity. The samples in duplicate were digested with nitric and perchloric acid mixture with 3:1 ratio. Cadmium and Pb were analyzed with Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and As and Hg on Atomic Absorption using Vapor and Hydride Generation Assembly. Average concentration of Cd, Pb, As and Hg in leafy vegetables was found 0.083 μgg-1, 0.05 μgg-1, 0.042 μgg-1 and 0.008 μgg-1 respectively, in roots and tuberous vegetables was 0.057 μgg-1, 0.03 μgg-1, 0.045 μgg-1 & 0.004 μgg-1 respectively, in cucurbit vegetables was 0.021 μgg-1, 0.051 μgg-1, 0.056 μgg-1 and 0.0089 μgg-1 respectively and in fruity vegetables was 0.035 μgg-1, 0.067 μgg-1, 0.054 μgg-1 and 0.007 μgg-1 respectively. In leafy vegetables, the concentration of cadmium, lead and mercury were found comparatively higher than other three groups of vegetables. However, concentration of heavy metals found in the samples of all four categories of vegetables, was within the permissible limits and safe to consume. Keywords: Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy; Heavy Metals; Vegetables; Graphite Furnace; Vapor Generation; Hydride GenerationDOI: 10.3126/kuset.v6i2.4013Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Vol.6. No II, November, 2010, pp.60-65

scholarly journals Determination of Cd, Mn and Ni accumulated in fruits, vegetables and soil in the Thohoyandou town area, South Africa

Water SA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2 April) ◽  
Author(s):  
Babra Moyo ◽  
Vhahangwele Matodzi ◽  
Malebogo A Legodi ◽  
Vusumzi E Pakade ◽  
Nikita T Tavengwa
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Town Area

The accumulation of heavy metals such as Cd, Mn and Ni was investigated in seven different vegetables, fruits and soil samples from Thohoyandou, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Heavy metals were quantified using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Concentrations of heavy metals in fruits and vegetables were in the range of 0.23–2.94 mg∙kg-1 for Cd, 11.72–50.16 mg∙kg-1 for Mn and 5.73 – 44.11 mg∙kg-1 for Ni on a dry weight basis. Analysis of soils from where fruits and vegetables were sampled showed that Cd in the soil was in the range of 0.08–1.07 mg∙kg-1, Mn levels were 204.99–249.13 mg∙kg-1 and Ni levels were 48.47–88.23 mg∙kg-1. Cd was below the instrument detection limit for soils on which onions and bananas were grown. Vegetables showed different accumulation abilities, with leafy vegetables being the highest accumulators of heavy metals. The obtained results showed that concentrations of Cd in fruits, vegetables and soils exceeded the recommended maximum acceptable levels proposed by FAO/WHO and, hence, may pose a health risk to consumers. Ni concentrations in bananas, onion, beetroot, spinach and Chinese cabbage exceeded recommended standards by FAO/WHO.

scholarly journals Impact of Gypsum and Potash Fertilizers on Heavy Metals and Nutrients Levels in Some Selected Leafy Vegetables and Assessment of Potential Health Risk

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
Zakia Sultana ◽  
Rajia Sultana ◽  
Md Rokonujjaman ◽  
Hasina Akhter Simol ◽  
Md Zakir Sultan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Microwave Digestion ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Basella Alba ◽  
Coccinia Grandis ◽  
Ivy Gourd

Field experiment was conducted in absence and presence of potash and gypsum fertilizers, to compare and investigate the quantity levels of heavy metals and nutrients in leafy vegetables with growth stage and plant species variations, respectively. Seeds of Spinacia oleracia (Spinach), Colocasia esculenta (Taro), Ipoma aquatica (Water spinach), Cucurbita maxima (Pumpkin leaves), Basella alba (Indian spinach), Amaranthus gangeticus (Red amaranth), Coccinia grandis (Ivy gourd), Corchorus olitorius (Jute leaves), Basella rubra (Malabar Spinach), Coriandum sativum (Coriander leaves), Amaranthus lividus (Amaranth) were sown in the experimental filed in Joypurhat district of Bangladesh. The quantity of heavy metals [cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn)] and nutrients [sodium (Na), potassium (K) and calcium (Ca)] in vegetables were determined by atomic absorption spectrometer and flame photometer, after the microwave digestion of these vegetables with 70% concentrated HNO3. The quantities of heavy metals were increased with the age of the plant, but the increases were not linear. Moreover, the order of heavy metals level in different vegetables was Zn >Ni >Cd >Pb. The Hazard Quotient (HQ) for Zn, Ni, Cd and Pb were as 0.143, 0.085, 0.1029 and 0.806, respectively. The sequence of HQ for the heavy metals followed the decreasing order Pb >Zn >Cd >Ni. The HQ value for all the heavy metals, Zn, Cd Ni and Pb were less than 1, which is considered safe or indicates no adverse effect on human health. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 22(1): 56-67, 2019

scholarly journals Chromium, Cadmium, Lead, and Arsenic Concentrations in Water, Vegetables, and Seafood Consumed in a Coastal Area in Northern Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117863022092141
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Minh Ngoc ◽  
Nguyen Van Chuyen ◽  
Nguyen Thi Thu Thao ◽  
Nguyen Quang Duc ◽  
Nguyen Thi Thu Trang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sample Collection

Background: Heavy metal contamination and related risks for the environment and human health are matters of increasing concern. Methods: The levels of 4 heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Pb, and As) were evaluated in 2 water types (surface and well), 4 types of seafood (tiger shrimp, stuffed snail, snake-head fish, and catfish), and 27 types of vegetables (12 leafy vegetables, 4 pea plants, 4 tuber vegetables, and 7 herbs) that are commonly consumed in northern coastal communes located in Vietnam. Atomic absorption spectrometry was employed for quantification. Results: The mean concentrations of heavy metals detected in water, seafood, and vegetable samples exceeded the national permitted standards and World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation values by at least 2-fold, 2.5-fold, and 5-fold for surface water, vegetables, and well water, respectively. The concentrations of all 4 heavy metals detected in seafood samples were higher than the standards. The levels of heavy metals decreased with increasing distance between the sample collection point and the pollution source. Conclusions: This is the first report of heavy metal contamination of common sources of food and water in the northern coastal area of Vietnam. Significantly, the concentrations of heavy metals detected in study samples exceeded the regulatory limits. These results underscore the importance of continued monitoring and the development of intervention measures to ensure that the quality of food and water meets established standards and protects the health of the local population.

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