Effects of Essential Oil Containing Mouth Rinse in Children with Black Staining : Two Case Reports

Black staining of the teeth in children and adolescents does not cause pain or serious illness, but it can be socially debilitating for esthetic reasons. Black staining is easily removed through periodic professional mechanical tooth cleaning and ultrasonic scaling, but it can easily recur within few months. Using essential oil-containing mouth rinses diluted at 50% twice per day could prevent the black staining from returning after it is removed, reducing the need for mechanical treatments and improving esthetics.

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Effect of Mouth Rinse Treatments on Bleached Enamel Properties, Surface Morphology, and Tooth Color

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/17-250-l ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 178-187

Author(s):

WF Vieira-Junior ◽

LN Ferraz ◽

MCC Giorgi ◽

GMB Ambrosano ◽

FHB Aguiar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Linear Models ◽

Mouth Rinse ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tooth Color ◽

Color Changes ◽

Mouth Rinses

SUMMARY Objective: To evaluate, in vitro, the effect of mouth rinse exposure on bleached enamel. Methods: Enamel/dentin bovine blocks (4×4×2 mm) were bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) and were submitted to immersion twice daily for 14 days with different rinses (n=10), including those involving: distilled water (C [control]), 225-ppm NaF (FM, Colgate Plax Classic), essential oil (EM, Listerine Tartar Control), 1.5% hydrogen peroxide (HPM, Colgate Plax Whitening), and 2% hydrogen peroxide, pyrophosphates, and 225-ppm NaF (HPM+P, Colgate® Luminous White). The specimens were stored in a remineralizing solution during all experiments. Analyses of color (ΔE, L*, a*, b*) and roughness (Ra) were performed at the baseline, after HP, and after exposure to the rinse. The cross-sectional microhardness (CSMH) and images by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were assessed at the end. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) (ΔE), repeated measures ANOVA (Ra), and split-plot ANOVA (CSMH), followed by the Tukey test. The L*, a*, and b* values were analyzed by generalized linear models (α=0.05). Results: Color changes were not statistically different in the groups. Ra increased in all groups after bleaching; however, it was reestablished in C, FM, and HPM+F and increased in EM after 14 days of the rinse. EM and HPM reduced the CSMH values differing from C and promoted alterations on the enamel surface visualized by SEM. Conclusion: The mouth rinses did not affect the whitening efficacy or promote benefits on bleached enamel properties. Moreover, the 1.5% hydrogen peroxide– or essential oil–based mouth rinses affected the bleached enamel properties, promoting an alteration in morphologic surface and mineral loss in depth.

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The effects of three different mouth rinses in a 4-day supragingival plaque regrowth study

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.4103/1305-7456.115420 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 07 (03) ◽

pp. 352-358 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Feyza Ulkur ◽

Tulin Arun ◽

Fulya Ozdemir

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Growth Period ◽

Alcohol Solution ◽

Control Group ◽

Mouth Rinse ◽

Mouth Rinses ◽

Supragingival Plaque ◽

Two Samples ◽

Tongue Surface ◽

The Difference

ABSTRACT Objective: This study compares the effects of three different mouth rinses with respect to reducing Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) colony counts on the teeth and tongue surfaces. Materials and Methods: In this study, comparison tests using the alcohol-free 0.1% chlorhexidine mouth rinse, alcohol-containing essential oil mouth rinse, and alcohol-free essential oil-containing mouth rinse were conducted. Patients were instructed to avoid mechanical cleaning with either a toothbrush or toothpick for 4 days. The first samples were collected from teeth surfaces and the dorsum of the tongue after a professional cleaning, and the second samples were collected after a 4-day plaque re-growth period. The supragingival plaque from the buccal surfaces of teeth #11, 14, 31, 34 as well as samples from the dorsum of the tongue, were assessed using the Dentocult® strips. Results: The Listerine® and Ondrohexidine® groups did not show any statistically significant differences between the values of the two samples (P = 0.734, P = 0.307). The MC® group and the control group showed significantly higher results than the first sample values. The effectiveness of the mouth rinses on S. mutans colony counts from the teeth surfaces were higher in the Listerine® , Ondrohexidine® , and Mouthwash Concentrate® groups. The difference between the first and second samples of the S. mutans colony counts from the tongue surface was found to be statistically significant, and S. mutans colony counts were higher than the first sample (P = 0.015). Conclusion: Alcohol and essential oil-containing Listerine® mouth rinse, alcohol-free Ondrohexidine® , alcohol-free essential oil-containing MC® mouth rinse had the same effect on S. mutans counts, higher than the 1% alcohol solution on teeth surface. They had the ability to maintain the S. mutans counts at the same level for 4 days in patients who did not perform any mechanical oral hygiene regimen.

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Cluster headache in children and adolescents: a systematic review of case reports

Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology ◽

10.1111/dmcn.14923 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sarah N M A N Bastos ◽

Bárbara L F Barbosa ◽

Sângela F Silva ◽

Ana G Krymchantowski ◽

Carla Jevoux ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cluster Headache ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Case Reports

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Differential Effects of Antiseptic Mouth Rinses on SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity In Vitro

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10030272 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 272

Author(s):

Chuan Xu ◽

Annie Wang ◽

Eileen R. Hoskin ◽

Carla Cugini ◽

Kenneth Markowitz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Potential Benefit ◽

Povidone Iodine ◽

Cellular Damage ◽

Virus Infectivity ◽

Viral Infectivity ◽

Mouth Rinse ◽

Prolonged Incubation ◽

Differential Effects ◽

Mouth Rinses

Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is detectable in saliva from asymptomatic individuals, suggesting a potential benefit from the use of mouth rinses to suppress viral load and reduce virus spread. Published studies on the reduction of SARS-CoV-2-induced cytotoxic effects by mouth rinses do not exclude antiseptic mouth rinse-associated cytotoxicity. Here, we determined the effect of commercially available mouth rinses and antiseptic povidone-iodine on the infectivity of replication-competent SARS-CoV-2 viruses and of pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 viruses. We first determined the effect of mouth rinses on cell viability to ensure that antiviral activity was not a consequence of mouth rinse-induced cytotoxicity. Colgate Peroxyl (hydrogen peroxide) exhibited the most cytotoxicity, followed by povidone-iodine, chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG), and Listerine (essential oils and alcohol). The potent antiviral activities of Colgate Peroxyl mouth rinse and povidone-iodine were the consequence of rinse-mediated cellular damage when the products were present during infection. The potency of CHG was greater when the product was not washed off after virus attachment, suggesting that the prolonged effect of mouth rinses on cells impacts the antiviral outcome. To minimalize mouth rinse-associated cytotoxicity, mouth rinse was largely removed from treated viruses by centrifugation prior to infection of cells. A 5% (v/v) dilution of Colgate Peroxyl or povidone-iodine completely blocked viral infectivity. A similar 5% (v/v) dilution of Listerine or CHG had a moderate suppressive effect on the virus, but a 50% (v/v) dilution of Listerine or CHG blocked viral infectivity completely. Mouth rinses inactivated the virus without prolonged incubation. The new infectivity assay, with limited impacts of mouth rinse-associated cytotoxicity, showed the differential effects of mouth rinses on SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our results indicate that mouth rinses can significantly reduce virus infectivity, suggesting a potential benefit for reducing SARS-CoV-2 spread.

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What are the benefits and harms of fluoride mouth rinses for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents?

Cochrane Clinical Answers ◽

10.1002/cca.1460 ◽

2017 ◽

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Mouth Rinses

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Antiviral Essential Oil Components Against SARS-CoV-2 in Pre-procedural Mouth Rinses for Dental Settings During COVID-19: A Computational Study

Frontiers in Chemistry ◽

10.3389/fchem.2021.642026 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Pradeep Kumar Yadalam ◽

Kalaivani Varatharajan ◽

K. Rajapandian ◽

Priyanka Chopra ◽

Deepavalli Arumuganainar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Computational Study ◽

Molecular Descriptor ◽

Conceptual Dft ◽

Highly Active ◽

Dental Procedures ◽

Mouth Rinses ◽

Viral Particles ◽

Oil Components

COVID-19 mainly spreads through cough or sneeze droplets produced by an infected person. The viral particles are mostly present in the oral cavity. The risk of contracting COVID-19 is high in the dental profession due to the nature of procedures involved that produce aerosols. Along with other measures to limit the risk of infection, pre-procedural mouth rinses are beneficial in reducing the viral particles in the oral cavity. In this study, the antiviral efficacy of essential oil components has been determined specifically against SARS-CoV-2 by molecular docking and conceptual DFT approach. Based on the binding affinities of the components against the receptor binding domain of the S1 glycoprotein, cuminal, carvacrol, myrtanol, and pinocarveol were found to be highly active. The molecular descriptor values obtained through conceptual DFT also indicated the above-mentioned components to be active based on the correlation between the structure and the activity of the compounds. Therefore, pre-procedural mouth rinses with these components included may be specifically suitable for dental procedures during the COVID-19 period.

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Lidocaine 5%–medicated plaster (Versatis) for localised neuropathic pain: results of a multicentre evaluation of use in children and adolescents

British Journal of Pain ◽

10.1177/2049463718756431 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 189-193 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

John M Goddard ◽

Rebecca L Reaney

Keyword(s):

Neuropathic Pain ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Pain Score ◽

Case Reports ◽

Symptomatic Relief ◽

Score Function ◽

Service Evaluation ◽

Functional Improvement ◽

Skin Reactions ◽

Pre Treatment

The Lidocaine 5% plaster is licensed for the symptomatic relief of neuropathic pain associated with post-herpetic neuralgia in adult patients over 18 years of age. Studies in adults also demonstrate efficacy of Lidocaine 5% plasters in other neuropathic pain conditions. Case reports and experience suggested efficacy of Lidocaine 5% plasters in children and adolescents with localised neuropathic pain. Initiated by the Pain in Children Special Interest Group (PICSIG) of the British Pain Society, a 3-year prospective multicentre service evaluation was undertaken to document the usage and efficacy of the Lidocaine 5% plaster in paediatric patients being managed by paediatric pain teams in the United Kingdom. Five paediatric pain teams provided anonymised data pre-treatment and 3–6 months after commencing Lidocaine 5% plaster. Changes in pain score, function, sleep and continuing use were evaluated. Data were obtained for 115 patients; age range 5–18 years (mean: 12 years). Diagnosis and site of application varied. Benefit from use of a Lidocaine 5% plaster in an individual was deemed if two or more of the following were reported: reduction in pain score, functional improvement, sleep improvement and continuing use of Lidocaine 5% plaster. Benefit was recorded for 79 patients (69%); 32 patients were recorded as receiving no benefit and data were unavailable for 4 patients, and 7 patients reported minor skin reactions. This prospective service evaluation supports the efficacy of the Lidocaine 5% plaster in children and adolescents with localised neuropathic pain and confirms tolerability and safety. It is the opinion of the PICSIG of the British Pain Society that the Lidocaine 5% plaster should be considered early in the multidisciplinary management of localised neuropathic pain in children and adolescents.

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Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse Mitigates Mental Fatigue Effects on Maximal Incremental Test Performance, but Not in Cortical Alterations

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci10080493 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 493 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cayque Brietzke ◽

Paulo Estevão Franco-Alvarenga ◽

Raul Canestri ◽

Márcio Fagundes Goethel ◽

Ítalo Vínicius ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Motor Cortex ◽

Exercise Performance ◽

Test Performance ◽

Time Trial ◽

Mental Fatigue ◽

Mouth Rinse ◽

Incremental Test ◽

Mouth Rinses ◽

Spontaneous Behavior

Detrimental mental fatigue effects on exercise performance have been documented in constant workload and time trial exercises, but effects on a maximal incremental test (MIT) remain poorly investigated. Mental fatigue-reduced exercise performance is related to an increased effort sensation, likely due to a reduced prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation and inhibited spontaneous behavior. Interestingly, only a few studies verified if centrally active compounds may mitigate such effects. For example, carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinse potentiates exercise performance and reduces effort sensation, likely through its effects on PFC activation. However, it is unknown if this centrally mediated effect of CHO mouth rinse may mitigate mental fatigue-reduced exercise performance. After a proof-of-principle study, showing a mental fatigue-reduced MIT performance, we observed that CHO mouth rinse mitigated MIT performance reductions in mentally fatigued cyclists, regardless of PFC alterations. When compared to placebo, mentally fatigued cyclists improved MIT performance by 2.24–2.33% when rinsing their mouth with CHO during MIT. However, PFC and motor cortex activation during MIT in both CHO and placebo mouth rinses were greater than in mental fatigue. Results showed that CHO mouth rinse mitigated the mental fatigue-reduced MIT performance, but challenged the role of CHO mouth rinse on PFC and motor cortex activation.

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