scholarly journals Caries risk profile of preschool children in the City of Niš

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (81) ◽  
pp. 1946-1956
Author(s):  
Branislava Stojković ◽  
Marija Igić ◽  
Olivera Tričković-Janjić ◽  
Milica Petrović ◽  
Predrag Janošević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
And Control ◽  
The City

Introduction: Primary caries prevention from the earliest childhood has multiple significance. Its efficacy is largely conditioned by the knowledge of the caries risk profile of the subpopulation at risk, as an important prerequisite for developing effective strategies and measures for disease prevention and control. Aim: To assess the caries risk profile of preschool children in the City of Niš using a reduced computer Cariogram ® model. Material and methods: To realize the set objectives, a cross-sectional study was conducted, which included preschool children, aged 36-48 months, with permanent residence in the City of Niš since birth. The collection of data was done by interviewing mothers, and by the clinical examination of subjects. The caries risk profile of the subjects was performed using a reduced Cariogram ® model. Results: The study included 276 subjects of preschool age, mean age 41.28 ± 4.40 months. The highest percentage of subjects has a moderate caries risk, with an average of 50% chance of avoiding a new carious lesion in the future. In the assessed caries risk profile of children, the most vulnerable sectors are "susceptibility" (18%) and "bacteria" (14%), related to the use of fluoride by children of this age and their oral hygiene. The highest percentage of subjects belongs to the moderate caries risk group. Conclusion: According to the conducted study, insufficient exposure of teeth to fluoride and inadequate oral hygiene may be considered significant caries risk factors in preschool children, which should be considered when choosing measures and strategies for disease prevention and control. Also, it is necessary to reconsider the time of diagnostic examinations to reduce the prevalence of caries and its negative consequences at this age to a minimum.

scholarly journals Knowing the scope of meningococcal disease in Latin America

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Marco A. P. Sáfadi ◽  
María Teresa Valenzuela ◽  
Ana Flavia Carvalho ◽  
Lúcia Helena De Oliveira ◽  
David M Salisbury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Disease Outcomes ◽  
And Control ◽  
The City

Opportunities for strengthening surveillance of meningococcal disease exist between and within countries in Latin America. In August of 2015, a workshop was convened in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, to address the following objectives: 1) to review meningococcal disease burden and vaccine use in Latin America; 2) to evaluate the effectiveness of current meningococcal surveillance practices in the region; 3) to identify challenges to meningococcal surveillance in the region; and 4) to outline steps for strengthening meningococcal surveillance and disease control in the region. Based on the workshop’s discussions, recommendations for strengthening surveillance and controlling meningococcal disease in Latin America focus on improving: a) laboratory capabilities for diagnostic testing; b) communication regarding epidemiologic- and laboratory-based analyses; c) communication during outbreaks; d) monitoring of long-term disease outcomes; e) knowledge of vaccines against serogroup B disease; and f) criteria for defining and controlling meningococcal outbreaks. Overall, improving surveillance will help guide strategies for meningococcal disease prevention and control in Latin America.

scholarly journals The problems of increasing transparency on uncertainty

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magda Osman ◽  
Amanda J. Heath ◽  
Ragnar Löfstedt
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
European Medicines Agency ◽  
Scientific Process ◽  
The Public ◽  
And Control ◽  
Current Guidelines ◽  
Practical Implications

Public regulators (such as European Food Safety Authority, European Medicines Agency, and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control) are placing increasing demands on scientists to make uncertainties about their evidence transparent to the public. The stated goal is utilitarian, to inform and empower the public and ensure the accountability of policy and decision-making around the use of scientific evidence. However, it is questionable what constitutes uncertainty around the evidence on any given topic, and, while the goal is laudable, we argue the drive to increase transparency on uncertainty of the scientific process specifically does more harm than good, and may not serve the interests of those intended. While highlighting some of the practical implications of making uncertainties transparent using current guidelines, the aim is to discuss what could be done to make it worthwhile for both public and scientists.

scholarly journals Genetic and Pathogenic Characterization of QX(GI-19)-Recombinant Infectious Bronchitis Viruses in South Korea

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1163
Author(s):  
So-Youn Youn ◽  
Ji-Youn Lee ◽  
You-Chan Bae ◽  
Yong-Kuk Kwon ◽  
Hye-Ryoung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
Reference Sequences ◽  
And Control

Infectious bronchitis viruses (IBVs) are evolving continuously via genetic drift and genetic recombination, making disease prevention and control difficult. In this study, we undertook genetic and pathogenic characterization of recombinant IBVs isolated from chickens in South Korea between 2003 and 2019. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 46 IBV isolates belonged to GI-19, which includes nephropathogenic IBVs. Ten isolates formed a new cluster, the genomic sequences of which were different from those of reference sequences. Recombination events in the S1 gene were identified, with putative parental strains identified as QX-like, KM91-like, and GI-15. Recombination detection methods identified three patterns (rGI-19-I, rGI-19-II, and rGI-19-III). To better understand the pathogenicity of recombinant IBVs, we compared the pathogenicity of GI-19 with that of the rGI-19s. The results suggest that rGI-19s may be more likely to cause trachea infections than GI-19, whereas rGI-19s were less pathogenic in the kidney. Additionally, the pathogenicity of rGI-19s varied according to the genotype of the major parent. These results indicate that genetic recombination between heterologous strains belonging to different genotypes has occurred, resulting in the emergence of new recombinant IBVs in South Korea.

scholarly journals ECDC management board elects chair and deputy following international startup event in Stockholm

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (40) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Management Board ◽  
Start Date ◽  
European Centre ◽  
And Control

A startup event was held for the new European Union agency, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, in Stockholm on 27 September, in preparation for the operational start date of May 2005

scholarly journals ECDC invites applications for further positions

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (39) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
European Centre ◽  
And Control

A further position is being advertised at the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) in Stockholm.

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