Graph paper: a versatile visual aid

In considering the mathematics program for elementary children, it is important for teachers to examine not only mathematical ideas but also the contexts within which such ideas are used. This usually means an examination of visual aids or tools of learning, since instruction in elementary grades depends upon the concrete to explain the abstract. With this in mind, one such tool that deserves special attention is graph, or squared, paper. Until one looks at the many possible uses of this visual aid, it may be taken for granted, and its applications remain sporadic and disconnected. This article is presented for the purpose of showing that graph paper is an educational device having few peers, especially from the points of view of economy, availability, and ease of use. An ordinary compilation of graph paper uses would be helpful to some degree, but what follows is a sequential development from the primary level through the upper elementary grades.

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A Clinical Study of Twenty-seven Children Exhibiting Functional Hearing Loss

Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools ◽

10.1044/0161-1461.1201.26 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 26-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Donald L. McCanna ◽

Giacinto DeLapa

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Clinical Study ◽

Early Identification ◽

Behavioral Responses ◽

Upper Elementary ◽

Elementary Grades ◽

Ability Level ◽

Hearing Problem

This report reviews 27 cases of children exhibiting functional hearing loss. The study reveals that most students were in the upper elementary grades and were predominantly females. These subjects were functioning below their ability level in school and were usually in conflict with school, home, or peers. Tests used were selected on the basis of their helping to provide early identification. The subjects' oral and behavioral responses are presented, as well as ways of resolving the hearing problem. Some helpful counseling techniques are also presented.

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Lean thinking: using 6S and visual management for efficient adverse event closure

BMJ Open Quality ◽

10.1136/bmjoq-2020-001197 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. e001197

Author(s):

Ziad Alzahrani

Keyword(s):

Adverse Event ◽

Working Environment ◽

Communication Tool ◽

Visual Aids ◽

Process Map ◽

Lean Principles ◽

Staff Members ◽

Safety Reporting ◽

Visual Aid ◽

Medication Incidents

BackgroundWe focused on a busy Adult Oncology Department having over 130 staff members, with around 70 of them being physicians with different levels of specialties. A multidisciplinary committee was formed in the department, consisting of physicians, nurses, pharmacists, a medication safety representative and a quality specialist to look after all reported incidents.Local problemThe department staff at the institution in question in this study expressed their concern about the surging number of reported incidents, delays in closing reports within the set timeframe, ambiguity of individuals’ roles at the committee level and errors in using the safety reporting system (SRS). Accordingly, this study focused on the development of a visual aid through the creation of a functional process map to help clarify team roles and stipulate the steps for adverse event closure.MethodsThe Sort, Set-in order, Shine, Standardise, Sustain and Safety and visual management lean principles, as well as the eight lean wastes—Transportation, Inventory, Motion, Waiting, Overprocessing, Overproduction, Defect and Staff underutilisation—were introduced in early May 2016 and used during SRS committee meetings over 3 years.InterventionThe indicators used were the average number of days for both medication and non-medication incidents from the day of reporting until the closure. The extent that the limit was exceeded was compared.ResultsThe average number of days until closure showed a reduction from 67 to 37 and 134 to 61 between Periods I (2016) and III (2018) for medication and non-medication incidents, respectively.ConclusionsThe developed process map was a useful communication tool. It helped to sort process activities, team roles and streamline the process. It brought the average number of days until closure within the acceptable 45-day limit for medication incidents. Thus, using visual aids in the working environment is helpful in improving communication among the workers.

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Exploring the use of personalised professional development to enhance teacher knowledge and reading instruction in the upper elementary grades

Journal of Research in Reading ◽

10.1111/1467-9817.12130 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. S30-S47 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sarah K. Clark ◽

Sydnie Schoepf ◽

Lance Hatch

Keyword(s):

Professional Development ◽

Reading Instruction ◽

Teacher Knowledge ◽

Upper Elementary ◽

Elementary Grades

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The potential of the pinhole as a visual aid in the developing world

African Vision and Eye Health ◽

10.4102/aveh.v75i1.318 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 75 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Antony S. Carlson ◽

Warren A. Carlson ◽

William F. Harris

Keyword(s):

Visual Impairment ◽

Developing World ◽

Relative Performance ◽

Visual Aids ◽

Healthcare Facilities ◽

Lighting Conditions ◽

Vision Correction ◽

Visual Aid ◽

Comparative Measure

Purpose: Providing vision correction in communities where healthcare facilities are unavailable is problematic. Here, we explore the possibility of using pinholes as near visual aids in the developing world.Method: Uncompensated (without the pinhole) proximal visual acuities (VAs) were measured and recorded for one eye of 45 presbyopic subjects over the age of 50 years in photopic (250 lux) and scotopic (20 lux) conditions. The proximal VAs were then repeated while the subjects looked through nine different pinholes.Results: The VAs varied with the diameter of each pinhole. A comparative measure was devised to determine the relative performance of different diameter pinholes as a near visual aid. The results suggest an improvement of more than 40% in VA in about 67% of subjects in good lighting conditions and about 60% in poorer lighting conditions.Conclusion: By creating more awareness that there are other ways of improving vision that cost almost nothing, visual impairment can be reduced until spectacles become available.

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Outsourcing and Offshoring

IT Outsourcing ◽

10.4018/978-1-60566-770-6.ch088 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 1409-1418

Author(s):

Alev M. Efendioglu

Keyword(s):

Venture Capital ◽

San Francisco ◽

Research Study ◽

San Francisco Bay Area ◽

Bay Area ◽

Political Implications ◽

Academic Publications ◽

Venture Capital Firms ◽

Points Of View ◽

The Many

Recently, outsourcing/offshoring has gained significant exposure in the popular as well as academic publications, with authors arguing the many different facets of the concept and its implications. The ongoing debates have revolved around issues related to cost of operations, benefits for outsourcing countries and countries that are recipients of outsourcing, the types of skills and associated unemployment, the types of industries that are being most effected, and even its political implications. This chapter discusses various issues related to outsourcing/offshoring and presents the findings of a research study (a survey of 364 individuals from 101 San Francisco Bay Area venture capital firms) attempting to validate (or disprove) some of the most widely discussed and presented points of view.

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Universal Screening Methods and Models: Diagnostic Accuracy of Reading Assessments

Assessment for Effective Intervention ◽

10.1177/1534508418819797 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 255-265

Author(s):

Kalie VanMeveren ◽

David Hulac ◽

Sarah Wollersheim-Shervey

Keyword(s):

Student Performance ◽

Upper Elementary ◽

Fifth Grade ◽

Screening Methods ◽

Elementary Grades ◽

High Stakes ◽

Additional Information ◽

Fifth Grade Students ◽

Statewide Assessment ◽

Student Risk

Reading screening assessments help educators identify students who are at risk of reading and determine the need for intervention and supports. However, some schools screen and assess students more often than needed, and the additional information does not improve the accuracy of decisions. This may be especially true for students at the upper elementary grades who have already taken high-stakes tests. This exploratory study evaluated how accurately a variety of screening measures predicted performance on a high-stakes end of year test for fourth- and fifth-grade students. Results of this study indicated that previous scores on the statewide assessment and computer-adaptive assessment best predicted student performance on a high-stakes reading test (Minnesota Comprehensive Assessment—Third Edition). When comparing screening models, a two-gate approach appeared to be the best method for identifying student risk.

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