scholarly journals The potential of the pinhole as a visual aid in the developing world

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antony S. Carlson ◽  
Warren A. Carlson ◽  
William F. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Relative Performance ◽  
Visual Aids ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Vision Correction ◽  
Visual Aid ◽  
Comparative Measure

Purpose: Providing vision correction in communities where healthcare facilities are unavailable is problematic. Here, we explore the possibility of using pinholes as near visual aids in the developing world.Method: Uncompensated (without the pinhole) proximal visual acuities (VAs) were measured and recorded for one eye of 45 presbyopic subjects over the age of 50 years in photopic (250 lux) and scotopic (20 lux) conditions. The proximal VAs were then repeated while the subjects looked through nine different pinholes.Results: The VAs varied with the diameter of each pinhole. A comparative measure was devised to determine the relative performance of different diameter pinholes as a near visual aid. The results suggest an improvement of more than 40% in VA in about 67% of subjects in good lighting conditions and about 60% in poorer lighting conditions.Conclusion: By creating more awareness that there are other ways of improving vision that cost almost nothing, visual impairment can be reduced until spectacles become available.

scholarly journals Lean thinking: using 6S and visual management for efficient adverse event closure

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e001197
Author(s):  
Ziad Alzahrani
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Event ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
Visual Aids ◽  
Process Map ◽  
Lean Principles ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Safety Reporting ◽  
Visual Aid ◽  
Medication Incidents

BackgroundWe focused on a busy Adult Oncology Department having over 130 staff members, with around 70 of them being physicians with different levels of specialties. A multidisciplinary committee was formed in the department, consisting of physicians, nurses, pharmacists, a medication safety representative and a quality specialist to look after all reported incidents.Local problemThe department staff at the institution in question in this study expressed their concern about the surging number of reported incidents, delays in closing reports within the set timeframe, ambiguity of individuals’ roles at the committee level and errors in using the safety reporting system (SRS). Accordingly, this study focused on the development of a visual aid through the creation of a functional process map to help clarify team roles and stipulate the steps for adverse event closure.MethodsThe Sort, Set-in order, Shine, Standardise, Sustain and Safety and visual management lean principles, as well as the eight lean wastes—Transportation, Inventory, Motion, Waiting, Overprocessing, Overproduction, Defect and Staff underutilisation—were introduced in early May 2016 and used during SRS committee meetings over 3 years.InterventionThe indicators used were the average number of days for both medication and non-medication incidents from the day of reporting until the closure. The extent that the limit was exceeded was compared.ResultsThe average number of days until closure showed a reduction from 67 to 37 and 134 to 61 between Periods I (2016) and III (2018) for medication and non-medication incidents, respectively.ConclusionsThe developed process map was a useful communication tool. It helped to sort process activities, team roles and streamline the process. It brought the average number of days until closure within the acceptable 45-day limit for medication incidents. Thus, using visual aids in the working environment is helpful in improving communication among the workers.

scholarly journals A Review on the Treatments for Monocular Visual Impairment for the Development of a Visual Aid

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.35) ◽  
pp. 282
Author(s):  
Nirvenesh Ravindran ◽  
Hassan Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Depth Perception ◽  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Occlusion Therapy ◽  
The World ◽  
Visual Aid ◽  
Clear Insight ◽  
Insight Into

Amblyopia is the most commonly found monocular visual impairment in the world. This paper presents an initial investigation into developing a visual aid for monocular visual impaired patients. The investigations conducted in this paper include those from direct interviews from consultant ophthalmologist. Investigations include reviewing the principle required to be embedded into the visual aid such as the distance and depth perception. Stereoscopic cameras and algorithms are also further discussed to interlink with the concepts of depth perception. Monocular visual impairment can most of the time be caused by medical conditions like amblyopia or glaucoma, and rarely caused by accidents and external factors. Thus, existing treatments for amblyopia, the effectiveness and challenges of the treatment are also clearly investigated and scrutinized in this paper. Some of the existing treatments include refractive therapy, occlusion therapy, atropine injections, perceptual learning, pharmacological treatment and acupuncture. This study has provided a clear insight into the requirements of developing a visual aid, thus further addressing the challenges faced by the treatments in this impairment.

Graph paper: a versatile visual aid

1969 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-148
Author(s):  
Robert Parker
Keyword(s):  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Upper Elementary ◽  
Elementary Grades ◽  
Visual Aids ◽  
Sequential Development ◽  
Graph Paper ◽  
Visual Aid ◽  
Mathematics Program ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Many

In considering the mathematics program for elementary children, it is important for teachers to examine not only mathematical ideas but also the contexts within which such ideas are used. This usually means an examination of visual aids or tools of learning, since instruction in elementary grades depends upon the concrete to explain the abstract. With this in mind, one such tool that deserves special attention is graph, or squared, paper. Until one looks at the many possible uses of this visual aid, it may be taken for granted, and its applications remain sporadic and disconnected. This article is presented for the purpose of showing that graph paper is an educational device having few peers, especially from the points of view of economy, availability, and ease of use. An ordinary compilation of graph paper uses would be helpful to some degree, but what follows is a sequential development from the primary level through the upper elementary grades.

Audio-Visual Aid: An Effective Means to improve Parental Awareness toward Habits and Malocclusion Prevention in Children

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Kiran ◽  
Swati Dwivedi ◽  
Satyaki Arora ◽  
Deepa Singal ◽  
Varun Nikhra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Preventive Dentistry ◽  
Visual Aids ◽  
Oral Habits ◽  
Parental Awareness ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Visual Aid ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

ABSTRACT Introduction Malocclusion is a very prevalent disorder of children. These disorders are frequently the result of deleterious oral habits. These disorders and their etiology are very difficult to explain to the parent, but the advent of audio-visual aids has solved this dilemma for the clinician. They allow the clinician to make the parents understand problems and also to compare with normal individuals. Aim The aim of the present study was to evaluate the awareness of parent toward malocclusion and the efficiency of audio-visual aid in improving parent awareness and compliance toward treatment. Materials and methods A sample size of 100 was estimated which were selected randomly from patients coming to the Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, IDS Bareilly. An audio-visual aid was prepared describing the oral habits and their associated malocclusions. A self-prepared questionnaire was presented to the parent before and after the audio-visual aid was shown to them. Their awareness and change in attitude was recorded. Results There was statistically significant (p ≤ 0.001) improvement in the knowledge and attitude toward treatment after audio-visual aids were used. Conclusion Audio-visual aid is effective in improving awareness toward malocclusion caused due to oral habits. How to cite this article Chandra S, Singal D, Arora S, Dwivedi S, Kiran K, Nikhra V, Chandra N. Audio-Visual Aid: An Effective Means to Improve Parental Awareness toward Habits and Malocclusion Prevention in Children. World J Dent 2014;5(2):98-101.

scholarly journals EFFICACY OF AN AUDIO-VISUAL AID IN IMPROVING KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS TOWARDS INFANT ORAL HEALTH CARE FOR EXPECTANT MOTHERS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chahita Mahesh Lalchandani ◽  
Sandeep Tandon ◽  
Tripti Sharma Rai ◽  
Anupama Kajal
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Oral Health Care ◽  
Visual Aids ◽  
Maternity Hospitals ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Visual Aid ◽  
Expectant Mothers ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Infant Oral Health

Aim: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a PowerPoint Presentation in Up-grading the knowledge and awareness towards infant oral health care among expectant mothers. Methods: This was a cross sectional survey conducted in various maternity hospitals throughout Jaipur city, India. A 15 minute PowerPoint Presentation based on infant oral health care was presented to a total of 120 expectant mothers. The participants were made to fill a 15-point questionnaire on the same subject before and after the presentation. Based on a formulated scoring criterion, the knowledge and awareness level of each participant was quantified pre-intervention and post-intervention. The data thus obtained was analysed using descriptive statistics and chi square test, with the level of significance set at P<0.05. Results: There was a very high statistical difference (p=0.000) between the mean scores of the participants before and after the presentation, from 5.55 to 13.96 out of a maximum possible score of 15. The range of scores improved from 0-14 pre-presentation to 9-15 post- presentation. A significant improvement was seen in the mean scores of every socio- demographic group (p=0.000). A relatively high number of participants (85.8%) agreed that the presentation would change how they care for their child in the future. Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the use of audio-visual aids is beneficial in improving the knowledge and awareness towards infant oral health care among expectant mothers. Further research can be conducted to evaluate different designs of various audio-visual aids and their long-term efficacy catering to different socio- demographic groups. KEYWORDS Expectant mothers, infant oral health care, awareness, audio-visual aid, pregnant women, maternal awareness

scholarly journals Risk factors for visual impairment and blindness amongst black adult diabetis receiving treatment at Government healthcare facilitis in Mopani District, Limpopo province, South Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond G. Mabaso ◽  
Olalekan A. Oduntan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Common Causes

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common systemic disease amongst Black South Africans. It may lead to diabetic retinopathy (DR), a common cause of visual impairment (VI) and blindness. DR may signifiantly increase the prevalence of VI and blindness.Aim: To assess risk factors for VI and blindness amongst a black diabetic South African population aged ≥ 40 years.Setting: The study was conducted in seven Government healthcare facilities (two hospitals, four clinics and one health centre) in Mopani District, Limpopo province, South Africa.Methods: This was a cross-sectional health facility-based quantitative study. Structured interviews were used to obtain information, which included sociodemographic profie, knowledge about DM and its ocular complications, presence of hypertension and accessibility to health facilities. Subsequently participants were examined for VI and blindness using an autorefractor, pinhole disc, ophthalmoscope and logMAR visual acuity chart. Anthropometric measurements (height, weight and waist) were also taken. Associations between 31 risk factors and VI as well as blindness were statistically examined.Results: Participants (N = 225) included 161 women and 64 men aged 40–90 years (mean 61.5 ± 10.49 years); 41.3% of them had VI and 3.6% were blind. Cataracts (76.8%) and DR (7.1%) were the common causes of compensated VI and blindness. Risk factors that were associated with VI and blindness were age, monthly income, compliance with losing weight and physical activity.Conclusion: Findings suggest that lifestyle intervention and appropriate eyecare programmes may reduce VI and blindness in this population.

Visual Aids for Relating Direct and Inverse Circular Functions

1972 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 431
Author(s):  
William K. Viertel
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Function ◽  
Trigonometric Function ◽  
Visual Aids ◽  
Transparent Material ◽  
Visual Aid ◽  
One To One ◽  
Circular Functions ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

A visual aid for vividly demonstrating the relationship of the direct and inverse circular functions can be made quite easily and cheaply out of transparent sheets. The principle is simple, and the aid is similar to the graphs that are shown in all trigonometry texts. A graph of a trigonometric function is drawn on transparent material for an interval that makes it a one-to-one function. This graph is then turned over and rotated 90°, so that the x- and y-axes are interchanged and properly directed. The viewer now sees the graph of the inverse function with the proper domain and range.

scholarly journals Can visual aides influence rehabilitation and length of stay following knee replacement? A randomized controlled study

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Abson ◽  
Benjamin Kenny ◽  
Reza Rahim ◽  
Daniel Benz ◽  
Jorgen Hellman
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Goal Attainment ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Visual Aids ◽  
Visual Aid ◽  
Patient Stay ◽  
American Society ◽  
Cohort Groups ◽  
American Society Of Anesthesiologists

Arthroplasty is increasingly performed within Australia, with a 2.7% rate increase of total knee arthroplasty (TKR) over the last year. With an increasing burden on the public health system and increasing waiting lists, all efforts are being made to decrease length of stay and improve the post operative rehabilitation process. There is currently insufficient evidence to make a conclusive statement about visual aids and improved goal attainment post TKR. The purpose of this study is to evaluate one such visual aid clinical photographs of patients knee range of motion (ROM) pre- and post-operatively and their effect on length of stay. Photographs of knee range of motion were obtained pre and post-operatively while the patient was anesthetized. In this study, a randomized, single blinded design allocated patients to either be shown or not shown their photographs on day 1 post operatively. Primary outcome measures were the number of days the patient remained in hospital. Secondary measures were Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index scores, Oxford Knee Scores, American Society of Anesthesiologists Score and knee ROM. Thirty-two patients (3 exclusions) were randomized to the photo group and 27 patients (4 exclusions) were randomized to the no photo group. The median length of stay between groups was not significantly different. Currently there is not enough evidence to conclude that visual aids effect length of stay or rehabilitation pathways. Further assessment with larger cohort groups is needed. Preoperative targeting and rehabilitation for patients with lower functional status may shorten post operative length of patient stay in our institution.

scholarly journals Experimental prototype for visual support in the calibration of the precision indicator lights of approach slope, for a landing track using a drone

Respuestas ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Jorge Enrique Herrera Rubio ◽  
Sergio Andrés Parra Prada
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Application ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Lighting System ◽  
Visual Aids ◽  
Wireless Devices ◽  
Experimental Prototype ◽  
Flight Plan ◽  
Calibration Methods ◽  
Visual Aid

The use of calibration methods for visual aids systems in airports guarantees aviation safety with new alternatives and precision methods. The article shows the implementation of an experimental prototype for the support of visual aid in the calibration of precision indicator lights by means of a drone to improve the approach slopes of aircraft. In each of the experimental tests the following activities were developed: a) execute the program that contains the code to perform the process of emulation / calibration of the lights, b) connect the model of the lights to the Arduino and be connected to the portable equipment, c) perform the drone calibration process each time a flight plan is made, d) connect the mobile device to the drone’s remote control to integrate them into the wireless network (Wi-Fi), e) on the device mobile the application is executed to configure the flight plan and f) the emulation / calibration is performed with the model of the lights. Obtain the best visibility angles according to the effective percentages of experimentation that indicate the accuracy of the experimental system proposed through a mobile application. In addition, this article proposes a methodology for the calibration of the Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI) lights through wireless devices. The proposed methodology establishes the basic conditions for the development of the process of supervision, monitoring and calibration of the PAPI lighting system of any track in Colombia according to the regulations on luminous visual aids.

scholarly journals A review of ocular genetics and inherited eye diseases

2012 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Mathebula
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Visual Aids ◽  
Genetic Syndromes ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Eye Disorders ◽  
Hereditary Component

During the past twenty years, there has been an exponential increase in the knowledge and under-standing of ocular genetic diseases and syndromes. The number of human eye diseases that have a known genetic or hereditary component continues to increase. In addition, genetic diseases are the most common cause of blindness in infants and children in developed countries. Optometrists are likely to encounter patients with inherited eye disorders. They may be the first clinician the patient consults. Inherited eye diseases may be isolated (only affecting the eye) or part of a complicated syndrome. Both isolated eye diseases and genetic syndromes can have identifiable gene mutation known to cause the disease.Knowledge of the clinical and molecular features of ocular genetics and inherited eye diseases is important for appropriate diagnosis and patient management. This article reviews the current information on ocular genetics and inherited eye diseases.The ocular conditions described in the review have significant visual impairment and blindness consequences. Therefore, optometrists (as the mostly likely first line of consultation) should be able todiagnose the condition appropriately first before they could make any management, care or referralplan. Visual aids are, of course, one of the management options for such patients with visual impairment. (S Afr Optom 2012 71(4) 178-189)

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