Elementary school mathematics in the 1970s
Following the successful launching of Sputnik, Congress created the National Science Foundation with instructions and funds to upgrade the scholarship of teachers of mathematics and science. Prestigious professors of mathematics, in cooperation with committees of the Mathematics Association of America and the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, set out to produce a modern program of instruction in school mathematics. The then-existing programs were analyzed and found to be seriously inadequate in structure, in definitions and assumptions, in development of properties of operation with their appropriate symbolism, and in precision of vocabulary. During the early 1960s institutes and writing teams were engaged in producing and promoting the so-called new mathematics. The resulting reform movement in mathematics education eclipsed any previous one, both in scope and in speed of implementation.