A device for indirect measurements: An entertaining individual project

1973 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-127
Author(s):  
William Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Indirect Measurements ◽  
Individual Project

Indirect measurement is often studied in geometry courses. Usually textbook examples and exercises involving the measurement of the heights of objects are presented. Very seldom, though, do students actually make indirect measurements. The purpose of this article is to outline the construction and use of a device to measure the heights of objects. The device will enable students to actually make indirect measurements and thus appreciate the fact that there are applications of the mathematics they study in class.

Direct and Indirect Vibro-Acoustic Measurements for Road Noise NVH Predictions

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Zanarini ◽  
Filip De Coninck ◽  
Krzysztof Mendrok ◽  
Paul Sas
Keyword(s):  
Complex Structure ◽  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Acoustic Measurements ◽  
Road Noise ◽  
Indirect Measurements ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Path Direction ◽  
Vehicle Technologies ◽  
Structure Measurement ◽  
Reverse Path

This paper describes vibro-acoustic direct and indirect measurements for road noise NVH predictions from a complete car. Attention is devoted to the dynamic response of the structure and interior pressure field toward tire patch displacement inputs. The direct measurements exploited the Team Corporation CUBE™ high frequency 6 degree-of-freedom (DOF) shaker recently installed at the KULeuven Vehicle Technologies Laboratory; the input was provided directly at the tire contact patch, while the responses were measured as accelerations and pressures on the structure. In the indirect measurements a low-mid frequency volume velocity source (LMFVVS) was used to acoustically excite the structure in the reverse path direction from the inside of the interior car cavity, while accelerations on the car and forces/torques where acquired by a 6-DOF dynamometer at the tire patch. From both types of excitations Frequency Response Functions (FRF) were calculated in the frequency range [0–500 Hz]. The non-linearity of the full car system was investigated with different direct and indirect measurement tests, in order to assess the feasibility of the reciprocity principle in such a complex structure. Measurement set-ups, results and comparisons are described and discussed in detail.

Low-cost Indirect Measurement Methods for Self-x Integrated Sensory Electronics for Industry 4.0

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (s1) ◽  
pp. s79-s84
Author(s):  
Qummar Zaman ◽  
Senan Alraho ◽  
Andreas König
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Instrumentation Amplifier ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Current Feedback ◽  
Indirect Measurements

AbstractThe conventional method for testing the performance of reconfigurable sensory electronics of industry 4.0 relies on the direct measurement methods. This approach gives higher accuracy but at the price of extremely high testing cost and does not utilize the new degrees of freedom for measurement methods enabled by industry 4.0. In order to reduce the test cost and use available resources more efficiently, a primary approach, called indirect measurements or alternative testing has been proposed using a non-intrusive sensor. Its basic principle consists in using the indirect measurements, in order to estimate the sensory electronics performance parameters without measuring directly. The non-intrusive property of the proposed method offers better performance of the sensing electronics and virtually applicable to any sensing electronics. Efficiency is evaluated in terms of model accuracy by using six different classical metrics. It uses an indirect current-feedback instrumentation amplifier (InAmp) as a test vehicle to evaluate the performance parameters of the circuit. The device is implemented using CMOS 0.35 μm technology. The achieved maximum value of average expected error metrics is 0.24, and the lowest value of correlation performance metrics is 0.91, which represent an excellent efficiency of InAmp performance predictor.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF ACCURACY OF BUILDING STRUCTURE GEOMETRIC PARAMETERS OBSERVED WITH A TOTAL STATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-164
Author(s):  
Anton Nikonov ◽  
Dar'ja Birjukova ◽  
Vadim Tanjuhin
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Building Structure ◽  
Indirect Measurements ◽  
Total Station ◽  
Metal Structures ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Condi Tions ◽  
Measurement Function ◽  
Periodic Inspections

In the process of operation of power stations and networks the periodic inspections of build-ings and structures take place, the result of which let make the conclusion about their actual condi-tions. One of the inspection steps is measurement works, which determine geometrical sizes of the building and structures, their deviations from specified values. Sometimes, in some cases, there is no possibility to measure all sizes, sections and elements of constructions. It is suggested to observe the construction sizes by means of indirect measurement using total station with the reflectorless dis-tance measurement function. Laboratory research stated that sighting to construction verge should be performed with some shift from the edge, inputing necessary corrections in the measurement re-sults. The sizes of metal structures sections can be observed by indirect measurements with the error no more than 3 mm.

Responding to the 2008 EPAS: Baccalaureate Education Assessment Direct and Indirect Measurement

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-31
Author(s):  
Tobi DeLong Hamilton ◽  
Victoria Buchan ◽  
Grafton Hull, Jr. ◽  
Brian Christenson ◽  
Ruth Gerritsen-McKane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Student Perceptions ◽  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Field Education ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Indirect Measurements ◽  
Education Assessment ◽  
Curriculum Assessment ◽  
Baccalaureate Education ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
New Instruments

To meet accreditation requirements, many programs have used indirect measurements focused on student perceptions, which are sufficient to meet current Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards (EPAS) requirements. This article assists programs with measurement of the ten 2008 EPAS competencies by presenting two new instruments that measure implicit and explicit curriculum and compliment the already-existing Baccalaureate Educational Assessment Package (BEAP) instrument set. The Foundation Curriculum Assessment Instrument provides a direct pre–post measurement of how well a program's curriculum prepares students for practice. The Field/Practicum Placement Assessment Instrument focuses on the measurement of field education competencies. As demonstrated in a matrix, the BEAP instruments provide measures of all 41 competencies and the knowledge, values, and skills that help define them.

scholarly journals Studies on the amount and composition of digesta flowing through the duodenum of dairy cows. 2. Sites of net absorption of magnesium and calcium from the alimentary tract.

1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-55
Author(s):  
A. Kemp ◽  
A. van't Klooster ◽  
P.A.M. Rogers ◽  
J.H. Geurink
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Indirect Measurements ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Balance Trials

Two cows were fitted with re-entrant duodenal cannulas, and four with T-piece duodenal annulas. Balance trials were carried out, the cows receiving either a winter ration, or freshly-mown herbage. Direct measurements were made of the flow of digesta, and of the amounts of Mg and Ca in both duodenal and faecal samples. Also indirect measurements were made of these parameters, using polyethylene glycol and chromium sesquioxide indicators. Net Ca absorption was restricted to the intestines, and, at high Mg intake, net Mg absorption was also largely intestinal, though too large an error attached to the indirect measurement of Mg absorption rates for reliable conclusions to be drawn. There was considerable secretion of Ca proximal to the duodenum. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Body Fat Mass is Better Indicator than Indirect Measurement Methods in Obese Children for Fatty Liver and Metabolic Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 168-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masallah Baran ◽  
Kivanc Celikkalkan ◽  
Yeliz Cagan Appak ◽  
Miray Karakoyun ◽  
Mehmet Bozkurt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Bioelectric Impedance Analysis ◽  
Indirect Measurements

Introduction: To compare the bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) with indirect measurement methods in the evaluation of obese children. To determine the diagnostic value of BIA in the fatty liver and metabolic syndrome (MS) in obese children.  Population and methods: One hundred thirty-four obese children whom ≥10 years of age were prospectively assessment. All patients were evaluated by foot to foot BIA and indirect measurement methods. Blood biochemical parameters such as glucose, lipids and insulin levels were studied and oral glucose tolerance test was performed. Fatty liver was assessed by ultrasonography. Compared BIA records and indirect measurements findings according to fatty liver and MS. Results: The study included females/males: 77/57, mean age of 13.3 ± 2.2 years. Fatty liver was detected in 94 patients, MS was diagnosed in 58 cases. There were no gender difference in terms of fatty liver and MS. Fatty liver was seen more frequently in patients with metabolic syndrome than in those without metabolic syndrome (p < 0.001). Fat Mass (FM) of ≥ 97th percentile was observed in 63% of the 94 patients with fatty liver versus 37.5% of 40 patients without fatty liver. A FM of ≥97th percentile was observed in 72% (n=42) of the 58 patients with metabolic syndrome, 42% (n=33) of 76 patients without MS. Body mass index, upper mid-arm circumference, waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference values were significantly increased in patients with fatty liver. There was a better correlation was determined between FM and FM Index with fatty liver compared to indirect measurement methods. BIA records were found moderately correlated with indirect measurements. Conclusion: Our results revealed that FM and FMI have a better correlated in obese children with fatty liver and metabolic syndrome than indirect measurement methods. The measurement of body FM by BIA can be used together with the indirect measurement methods to detect the fatty liver. FMI may be an alternative diagnostic criterion instead of WC for diagnosis of MS in children.

Indirect measurements in micro-space with the EM

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 598-599
Author(s):  
Sterling P. Newberry
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Storage Space ◽  
Indirect Measurements ◽  
Storage And Retrieval ◽  
Adequate Information ◽  
Compelling Reason ◽  
The Standard Model

At the 1958 meeting of our society, then known as EMSA, the author introduced the concept of microspace and suggested its use to provide adequate information storage space and the use of electron microscope techniques to provide storage and retrieval access. At this current meeting of MSA, he wishes to suggest an additional use of the power of the electron microscope.The author has been contemplating this new use for some time and would have suggested it in the EMSA fiftieth year commemorative volume, but for page limitations. There is compelling reason to put forth this suggestion today because problems have arisen in the “Standard Model” of particle physics and funds are being greatly reduced just as we need higher energy machines to resolve these problems. Therefore, any techniques which complement or augment what we can accomplish during this austerity period with the machines at hand is worth exploring.

Use of vent stack temperature as a feedforward variable for dissolver total titratable alkali (TTA) control

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (05) ◽  
pp. 261-269
Author(s):  
Wei Ren ◽  
Brennan Dubord ◽  
Jason Johnson ◽  
Bruce Allison
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Control ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Feedforward Control ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Tight Control ◽  
Transfer Lines ◽  
Green Liquor ◽  
Process Dynamics ◽  
Downstream Processes

Tight control of raw green liquor total titratable alkali (TTA) may be considered an important first step towards improving the overall economic performance of the causticizing process. Dissolving tank control is made difficult by the fact that the unknown smelt flow is highly variable and subject to runoff. High TTA variability negatively impacts operational costs through increased scaling in the dissolver and transfer lines, increased deadload in the liquor cycle, under- and over-liming, increased energy consumption, and increased maintenance. Current practice is to use feedback control to regulate the TTA to a target value through manipulation of weak wash flow while simultaneously keeping dissolver density within acceptable limits. Unfortunately, the amount of variability reduction that can be achieved by feedback control alone is fundamentally limited by the process dynamics. One way to improve upon the situation would be to measure the smelt flow and use it as a feedforward control variable. Direct measurement of smelt flow is not yet possible. The use of an indirect measurement, the dissolver vent stack temperature, is investigated in this paper as a surrogate feedforward variable for dissolving tank TTA control. Mill trials indicate that significant variability reduction in the raw green liquor TTA is possible and that the control improvements carry through to the downstream processes.

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