scholarly journals Investigation of Inorganic Nitrogen Composition in Tap Water of Which source is Ground Water in Yokohama City

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 656-663
Author(s):  
Yukie KIKKAWA ◽  
Reiko TANAKA ◽  
Toshio HIDAKA
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen

scholarly journals Effect of Ammonium on the Hydraulic Conductivity of Kaolin and Bentonite as Clay Liners

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-111
Author(s):  
Adebola Adebayo Adekunle ◽  
Igba Uvieoghene Tobit ◽  
Ogunrinola Oluwaseyi Gbemiga
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Clay Liners ◽  
Landfill Liners ◽  
Different Sources

: Landfill liners are underlying materials with low permeability whose main function is to mitigate the infiltration of toxic contents into ground water lying beneath. Landfill liners are primarily made of bentonite clay. Bentonite has a very low hydraulic conductivity, that might not be readily accessible, unlike kaolin which is found to have a lower hydraulic conductivity compared to that of bentonite and can be extensively obtained from numerous different sources. Explored, for the purposes of the present research paper, were various ratios of bentonite and kaolin and their hydraulic conductivity, in particular ratios of 90:10 kaolin to bentonite, 80:20 kaolin to bentonite, 70:30 kaolin to bentonite, 60:40 kaolin to bentonite and 50:50 kaolin to bentonite in an effort to achieve an acceptable barrier suitable as a liner / where tap water and ammonium solution were used as permeants. It was concluded that the ratios not lower than 20% bentonite (80:20, 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50) all had their hydraulic conductivity value reduced compared to the 100% kaolin.

scholarly journals Heavy metal levels in drinking water sources of Chingola District, Zambia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Hamwiinga ◽  
Chisala D. Meki ◽  
Patricia Mubita ◽  
Hikabasa Halwiindi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Drinking Water Sources ◽  
Metal Levels

Abstract Background: One of the factors impeding access to safe water is water pollution. Of particular concern is heavy metal contamination of water bodies. This study was aimed at determining the levels of heavy metals in drinking water sources of Chingola District of Zambia. Methods: A cross sectional study was employed. A total of 60 water samples were collected. Thirsty (30) samples were collected in the dry season in the month of October 2016 and another 30 in the wet season in the months of February and March, 2017. For each season 10 water samples were collected from each of the three water sources. i.e. Tap water, Urban ground water sources and Rural ground water sources. Heavy metal analysis was done using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS).Results: This study revealed that the concentrations of Iron, Manganese, Lead, Nickel and Arsenic were beyond maximum permissible levels in various water sources. Combined averages for both dry and wet seasons were as follows: Iron: 2.3, Copper: 0.63, Cobalt: 0.02, Manganese: 0.36, Lead: 0.04, Zinc:3.2, Nickel: 0.03, Arsenic: 0.05. Chromium and Cadmium were below detection limit in all water samples. The median concentrations of iron, arsenic, copper, manganese in drinking water from the Tap, rural and urban ground water sources were different, and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). The median concentrations of arsenic, nickel, manganese and cobalt were different between dry and wet season, and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.05).Conclusions: Sources of heavy metals in water seems to be both natural and from human activities. The concentration of heavy metals in different water sources in this study was found to be above the recommended levels. This calls for improvement in water monitoring to protect the health of the public. Therefore, there is need for continuous monitoring of heavy metals in drinking water sources by regulatory authorities.

PIXE ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF MINERAL, TAP AND GROUND WATER

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. AL-BEDRI ◽  
I. J. ABDUL GHANI
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Certified Reference Materials ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Analytical Sensitivity ◽  
Pixe Analysis ◽  
Concentration Technique ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Certified Values

The mean concentrations of Al , Si , Cl , K , Ca , V , Cr , Mn , Fe , Zn , As , Br , Rb and Sr have been determined in treated tap water, natural mineral, and untreated ground water of Iraq using non-destructive Proton Induce X-ray Emission (PIXE) analysis in combination with pre-concentration technique. In order to increase analytical sensitivity of the most elements detected by PIXE method, water samples were pre-concentrated by evaporation at 50°C under atmospheric pressure, to obtain dry dissolved solids. A 2.0 MeV proton beam was employed to excite the samples. Certified reference materials (GSP-2) were used in order to verify accuracy of the PIXE technique and the experimental results were in a good agreement with certified values. The concentration of these elements varied from one city to other depending on the geographical locations where the samples were collected. Our results were within the permissible limits reported by Iraqi standards, European standards, and WHO guidelines for drinking water quality. The main objective of this work was to characterize and to monitor the trace elements in drinking water and untreated ground water of Iraq, as well as to provide valuable information about the levels of heavy metallic pollutions.

scholarly journals Composition and Distribution of Inorganic Nitrogen in Ground Water in Osaka City Area.

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-254
Author(s):  
Kohji YAMAMOTO ◽  
Suehiro OHMIYA ◽  
Hitoshi YOSHIOKA ◽  
Kenshiro TSURUHO
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
City Area

Monitoring of Inorganic Nitrogen Levels in the Surface and Ground Water of the Red River Delta, Northern Vietnam

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1645-1662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyoshi Kurosawa ◽  
Do Nguyen Hai ◽  
Nguyen Huu Thanh ◽  
Ho Thi Lam Tra ◽  
Nguyen Tat Canh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Red River ◽  
Red River Delta ◽  
Northern Vietnam ◽  
Nitrogen Levels

scholarly journals Phosphate Level in Some Selected Surface and Ground Water Bodies of Rajshahi City Corporation

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-133
Author(s):  
MA Habib ◽  
MA Hoque ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
MM Islam ◽  
MN Islam
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Good Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Tube Well ◽  
Surface Water Bodies ◽  
Rajshahi City

Optimum PO4-P level in surface and ground water is essential for maintaining good health and environment. In this study, the PO4-P level was measured for 148 different water samples collected from ponds, supply tape and tube-well of 8 different areas of Rajshahi City Corporation. All the sites of surface water bodies crossed the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) criterion of 0.01-0.03 mg L-1 PO4–P to be free from eutrophication. Among the samples, 4.2% were within the range (0.025-0.1 mg L-1) of onset of eutrophication while 95.8% crossed the hyper-eutrophication level (> 0.10 mg L-1). However, most of the ground (83.1%) and tap (92.7%) water were excellent in quality for drinking with respect to PO4–P level (<1 mg L-1). Only 15.3% of ground water and 7.3% of tap water were good quality and a negligible amount (1.6%) of ground water was fair quality.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(1): 129-133 2015

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Cleansing Action of Some Detergents Available in Nepalese Market

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
Arvind Pathak ◽  
Pratima Khadka ◽  
Prabin Karki
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Critical Micelle Concentration ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Emulsion Stability ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Hard Water ◽  
Stability Test ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Water Test ◽  
Emulsions Stability

Detergents commercially available in the Nepalese market were studied and several parameters such as surface tension, pH, critical micelle concentration, foaming stability test, hard water test, emulsions stability test were performed. Different medium such as ground water (G.W.), tap water (T.W.), distilled water (D.W.) and 5% ethanol in distilled water were selected for this study. The decrease in surface tension and critical micelle concentration (CMC) in ground water, tap water, distilled water and 5% ethanol in distilled water, ease of cleansing action of the detergents in this medium have been found of the following order: 5% ethanol in distilled water > distilled water (D.W.) > tap water (T.W.) > ground water (G.W.). Among the four detergents, the D1 have shown the least surface tension, CMC value, foam collapsing time, the weight of scum formed when treated with hard water. And maximum emulsion stability of the detergent D1 determines good quality detergent.

scholarly journals Comparative Microbiological Assessment of Drinking Water Collected from Different Areas of Kathmandu Valley

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Aman Thapa Magar ◽  
Mamata Khakurel ◽  
Shree Laxmi Pandey ◽  
Kalyan Subedi ◽  
Umesh Kaji Manandhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Aerobic Plate Count ◽  
Filtration Technique

Objectives: This study was aimed to evaluate different water samples in terms of Total bacterial load and Total Coliform Load in comparison with different parameters such as pH, type of samples, chlorination status, turbidity, temperature and collection areas. Methods: Altogether 250 water samples were collected; 110(44%) were ground water samples, 60(24%) were public tap water samples and 80(32%) were bottled water samples. Total Coliform load was evaluated using Membrane Filtration Technique and Total Bacterial Load was evaluated using Aerobic Plate Count Technique. pH was measured using pH meter, turbidity was measured using nephelometer, temperature was measured using temperature probe and bottled water were considered chlorinated. Results: Among these 250 samples, the highest mean bacterial load was seen in public tap water samples (137×103 cfu/ml) and least mean bacterial load was seen on bottled water sample (28×103). Similarly, highest mean coliform load was seen on ground water samples (81 cfu/ml) and least mean coliform load was seen on bottled water samples (6 cfu/ml). Conclusion: This study has concluded that ground water samples contain large number of coliforms which suggest it might be fecally contaminated. Also the result had shown even bottled water contained coliforms. Therefore, it is recommended to treat ground water before using. Proper care must be taken during manufacture of bottled water.

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