Survival Criteria for Passenger Roll-On/Roll-Off Vessels and Survival Time

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (01) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Maciej Pawtowski
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
No Value ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Direct Link ◽  
Stability Criteria ◽  
Damage Stability ◽  
Passenger Ships ◽  
S Factor ◽  
Control Decision ◽  
Time To Capsize

The paper addresses the problem of damage stability criteria with reference to survival time, that is, the time available for evacuation of passengers on a damaged passenger roll-on/roll-off (RO/RO) vessel undergoing large-scale flooding on the car deck. The current various proposals at the International Maritime Organization (IMO) for the s factor (probability of surviving a given flooding) make no reference to survival time. The paper shows a direct link of the "prime" s factor with the time to capsize. This link has unprecedented value for a flooding control decision support system used during a crisis on board passenger ships but is of no value for the designer for whom the s factor means simply probability of surviving with adequate survival time. The paper shows how to utilize experimental data from 30-minute test runs for survival criteria based on longer duration of tests.

scholarly journals Conception and Evolution of the Probabilistic Methods for Ship Damage Stability and Flooding Risk Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 667
Author(s):  
Dracos Vassalos ◽  
M. P. Mujeeb-Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Probabilistic Method ◽  
Probabilistic Methods ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Probability Of Survival ◽  
Damage Stability ◽  
Passenger Ships ◽  
Flooding Hazards ◽  
Flooding Risk

The paper provides a full description and explanation of the probabilistic method for ship damage stability assessment from its conception to date with focus on the probability of survival (s-factor), explaining pertinent assumptions and limitations and describing its evolution for specific application to passenger ships, using contemporary numerical and experimental tools and data. It also provides comparisons in results between statistical and direct approaches and makes recommendations on how these can be reconciled with better understanding of the implicit assumptions in the approach for use in ship design and operation. Evolution over the latter years to support pertinent regulatory developments relating to flooding risk (safety level) assessment as well as research in this direction with a focus on passenger ships, have created a new focus that combines all flooding hazards (collision, bottom and side groundings) to assess potential loss of life as a means of guiding further research and developments on damage stability for this ship type. The paper concludes by providing recommendations on the way forward for ship damage stability and flooding risk assessment.

Damage Stability Requirements for Tankships, Chemical Ships, and Gas Ships

1976 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 121-151
Author(s):  
J. W. Kime ◽  
R. E. Johnson ◽  
W. D. Rabe
Keyword(s):  
Stability Criteria ◽  
Damage Stability ◽  
History Of ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
International Conventions ◽  
Chemical Code

This paper reviews the various U. S. regulations, international conventions and IMCO codes which contain damage stability requirements for tankships, chemical ships, and gas ships. A brief history of damage stability standards and background on the development of the 1973 Pollution Convention, the IMCO Chemical Code, and the IMCO Gas Code are presented. The similarities and differences among the various damage stability criteria and requirements, with emphasis on the determining philosophies and assumptions, are shown. Finally, the type of information to be presented in stability booklets and the extent of calculations required to develop that information are discussed and illustrative examples given. Discussers Angelo P. Ritola Harry D. Johnson R. W. Baseler and T. G. Ogrodnik Merville Willis Tom F. Robinson Larry L. Goldberg W. Michael Walsh William Garzke James B. Robertson Eric Linsner

scholarly journals On the alternative approaches to stability analysis in decision support for damaged passenger ships

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pekka Ruponen ◽  
Petri Pennanen ◽  
Teemu Manderbacka
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Decision Support System ◽  
Support System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Damage Stability ◽  
Passenger Ships ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
The Stability

Abstract A decision support system with damage stability analysis has been recognized as an important tool for passenger ships. Various software applications have been developed and taken into use over the years, without a direct link to any compelling requirement, set forth in the international regulatory framework. After the Costa Concordia accident, new regulations have been established, setting minimum requirements for a decision support system, as an extension to a loading computer. Yet, more advanced systems have been developed recently, aiming at providing valuable additional information on the predicted development of the stability of the damaged ship. This paper presents these alternative decision support systems with damage stability analysis methods for flooding emergencies on passenger ships. The technical background, usability, and usefulness of the various approaches are compared and discussed, taking into account the important statutory approval point of view. In addition, practical examples, including past accidents, are presented and discussed.

The role of the blue economy in Pomorskie Region

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Michał Graban
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Shipbuilding Industry ◽  
Maritime Economy ◽  
Cargo Handling ◽  
Passenger Ships ◽  
Blue Economy

The aim of this article is to discuss the role of the blue economy, also known as “blue growth”, as related to the traditional maritime economy in Pomorskie Region. The potential of the latter is comprised by transport infrastructure centres consisting mainly of two ports – in Gdańsk and Gdynia – with a fundamental role for the national economy. These ports in recent years have seen intensified growth as evidenced by their increased throughput – mainly in terms of containerized cargo volumes. The modern approach to the maritime economy is based not only on heavy, large-scale investment in the infrastructure and cargo handling capacities, but also on sustainable development related to sophisticated technology and energy saving. The importance of the latter has been highlighted by Pomorskie Region’s four Intelligent Specializations aimed at ensuring sustainable growth in the region. Although the maritime economy is the focus mainly of Intelligent Specialization No. 1 “Offshore, port and logistics technologies,” there is in fact a synergy effect which has led to establishing mutual relations between all intelligent specializations. This approach combines the shipbuilding industry with energy production and biotechnology through innovative solutions. Meanwhile, IT supports logistics and marine tourist helps modernize and revamp sea ports as well as stimulates Pomeranian shipyards to manufacture specialist ferries and passenger ships.

Graphical Stability Criteria for Large-Scale Nonlinear Multiloop Systems

1975 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 600-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Blight ◽  
N.H. McClamroch
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Stability Criteria

Treatment of ocular melanoma metastatic to the liver by hepatic arterial chemotherapy.

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 2589-2595 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Leyvraz ◽  
V Spataro ◽  
J Bauer ◽  
S Pampallona ◽  
R Salmon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Metastases ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
High Response Rate ◽  
Ocular Melanoma ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Outpatient Basis ◽  
Hepatic Arterial Chemotherapy

PURPOSE Ocular melanoma is characterized by a high rate of liver metastases and is associated with a median survival time less than 5 months. There is no standard treatment available. Treatment strategies have, without success, relied on the experience with metastatic cutaneous melanoma. The only effective treatment is chemoembolization using cisplatin and polyvinyl sponge, which has never become accepted on a large scale. The objective of the study was to establish prospectively the efficacy and toxicity of hepatic intraarterial fotemustine, a third-generation nitrosourea, in patients with liver metastases from ocular melanoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-one patients were subjected to laparotomy to place a totally implantable catheter into the hepatic artery and received fotemustine 100 mg/m2 as a 4-hour infusion, first once a week for four times and then, after a 5-week rest period, every 3 weeks until progression or toxicity. Cox regression models were used to assess the prognostic role of patient survival characteristics. RESULTS Objective responses were observed in 12 of 30 assessable patients (40%; 95% confidence interval, 22% to 59%). The median duration of response was 11 months and the median overall survival time, 14 months. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) appeared to be the strongest prognostic factor for survival. Toxicity was minimal and treatment could be administered on an outpatient basis. CONCLUSION The results of hepatic arterial chemotherapy with fotemustine produced a high response rate and survival similar to chemoembolization therapy. It involves no major toxicity and preserves the quality of life. To assess further its effectiveness, a randomized study to compare hepatic intraarterial versus intravenous chemotherapy is being planned.

SOLAS 2009 STABILITY REQUIREMENTS: IMPLEMENTATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 153 (A1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Dodman
Keyword(s):  
Overall Design ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Damage Stability ◽  
Passenger Ships ◽  
The Future ◽  
Probabilistic Concept ◽  
Probabilistic Solution ◽  
Insight Into

January 2009 saw the introduction of substantial changes to SOLAS, commonly referred to as SOLAS 2009. Not only have significant parts of Chapter II-1 completely changed, but so have the methodologies for assessing survivability of certain ship types. This paper provides an overview of some of the main topics and how Lloyd’s Register is adapting to provide necessary industry solutions and support, immediately and into the future. It provides an insight into the probabilistic requirements, our approval processes, developments and our participation in defining industry standards. It is evident in this paper that the discussions predominantly revolve around passenger ships. This is due to their complexity and the conflict between the new regulations for survivability assessment moving from a restrained deterministic requirement to a risk-based probabilistic solution. It also highlights real issues over the difficulties of implementing this methodology. This conflict in overall design is less pronounced for dry cargo ships, which did not have to comply with a general damage stability standard until 1992 when the probabilistic concept was introduced for dry cargo ships only. Under SOLAS 2009, a modified requirement has been implemented. However, the fundamental issues remain the same.

TREATMENT OF HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK IN THE DOG WITH CHLORPROMAZINE AND/OR HYPOTHERMIA

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1241-1248
Author(s):  
C. W. Gowdey ◽  
R. M. Kilborn ◽  
J. A. F. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Hemorrhagic Shock ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
No Value ◽  
Immersion Cooling ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs

Treatment of established hemorrhagic shock, produced in anesthetized dogs by a standardized technique, with chlorpromazine (2.5 mg./kg.) and/or hypothermia (immersion cooling: 25 °C.) did not increase the survival rate and tended to shorten the survival time. The cardiac output of all the treated animals, especially those subjected to chlorpromazine combined with hypothermia, failed to return to prehemorrhage levels even after reinfusion. The results suggest that once hemorrhagic shock has occurred, treatment with chlorpromazine or hypothermia is of no value and with the combination is deleterious.

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