Association between Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors that is responsible for most of the excess cardiovascular morbidity amongst patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Presence of MetS in T2DM markedly increases the risk for coronary heart disease, stroke and premature deaths. This study was undertaken to find the prevalence of MetS and its individual components among patients with T2DM visiting Chitwan Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Bharatpur, Nepal. Methods: A laboratory-based descriptive cross sectional study carried out at CMC-TH between January and August, 2017. Data obtained included anthropometric indices, blood pressure and fasting serum lipid profile. National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria were used for diagnosis of MetS. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: The overall prevalence of MetS among 150 T2DM patients (Mean age= 53.70±10.83 years, Male:Female=84:66) was 60%. The prevalence was higher in females compared to males (75.75% vs.47.62%, P<0.001). High blood pressure was the commonest MetS component. Following that, decreased HDL-c was the predominant component in females whereas raised triglyceride in the males. SBP/DBP, BMI and waist circumference were significantly associated with MetS. Conclusion: The prevalence of MetS is high in diabetic patients, particularly in females and middle age group adults, with high blood pressure and hypertriglyceridemia as the commonest abnormalities. As MetS adds to the cardiovascular risk to the already at-risk diabetic population, timely identification and appropriate intervention is of utmost importance in reduction of disease burden in T2DM patients.

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Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital ◽

10.3126/mjsbh.v18i2.22207 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 36-41

Author(s):

Dipesh Shakya ◽

Vijay KC

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Central Obesity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Three Components

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is associated with various metabolic disorders, which leads to the progression of the disease and its complications. The aim of the study is to find out prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its association with the components and demographic variables. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among diabetes mellitus patients at a Tertiary level teaching hospital over a period of one year (April 2015 to March 2016). The study involved the use of a questionnaire to obtain information on diabetes by performing anthropometric measurements and corroborating it with respective blood samples collected for the measurement of biochemical parameters, fasting blood glucose and lipid profile. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the current guidelines, revised in 2005 by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute and the American Heart Association. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Version 20 was used as a tool for statistical analysis. Results: This cross-sectional study involved 200 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 71% in the studied Nepalese population. Central obesity (77.5%) and hypertension (76.8%) were the commonest risk factors. It was followed by dyslipidemia among which 65.5% had high triglyceride level and 50.7% had low level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome was seen in male patients with type 2 diabetes which accounted for 84 (73.3%). Three components of metabolic syndrome were seen among 70 (35%) and five components among 29 (14.5%) patients. Among the patients who were studied, the age group 45 to 54, 55 to 64 and 65 to 74 years had 14 (20%), 20 (28.6%) and 19 (27.1%) of more than three components of metabolic syndrome respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 71% among the patients with type 2 diabetes, where high prevalence was seen among males. In our study central obesity and hypertension along with increasing age were the most common component causing metabolic syndrome.

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Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Associated Factors in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study at a Follow-up Clinic in Asmara, Eritrea

10.21203/rs.3.rs-139642/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Oliver Okoth Achila ◽

Millen Ghebretinsae ◽

Abraham Kidane ◽

Michael Simon ◽

Shewit Makonen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Risk Indicators ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is an escalating problem worldwide and is frequently associated with Metabolic Syndrome (MetSyn) which, in turn, is causally associated with heightened cardiometabolic risk. Therefore, investigating the magnitude of MetSyn in T2DM patients is critical for cardiovascular disease prevention or management of specific comorbidities. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 309 previously diagnosed T2DM patients. Data on specific clinical chemistry and anthropomorphic parameters was collected. MetSyn was defined according to the IDF harmonized criteria. Pearson Chi-Square test (ꭓ2)/or Fisher’s exact test in the CROSSTAB procedure was used to evaluate the relationship between specific variables. Logistic regression models were constructed to assess risk factors associated with MetSyn. Results: According to the data, 58.1% of the patients had MetSyn. The frequency of MetSyn in females was significantly higher compared to that of males (67.8 vs 49.7%). Among individuals with MetSyn, 54.4% had hypertension; 57.9% had abnormal waist circumference; 75.4% had elevated LDL-C (≥100 mg/dL), 72.8% had raised TG (>150 mg/dl) and 61.0% had reduced HDL-C (males: ≤40 mg/dL and females: ≤50 mg/dL in females). Separately, our study demonstrates that number of MetSyn components is associated with higher averages in multiple traditional (BMI, TG, TC, WHtR, WHR, WC, HC) and non-traditional (TG/HDL-C, TC/HDL-C and LDL/HDL) CVD risk indicators. In the fitted multivariable logistic regression model, the following factors were associated with the presence of MetSyn: age (aOR=1.02, 95%CI=1.00–1.05, p=0.040); LDL-C>100 mg/dL (aOR=3.56, 95%CI=1.52–8.54, p=0.003); Non-HDL-C (aOR=1.02, 95%CI=1.02–1.03, p=0.001); BMI (aOR=1.23, 95%CI = 1.13–1.32, p=0.001). Absence of insulin injection was associated with reduced presence of MetSyn (aOR=0.37,95% CI=0.19–0.70, p=0.002). Conclusion: A comparatively high prevalence of the MetSyn was found. Therefore, there is an urgent need for improvements in the management and prevention of multiple CVD risk indicators. This will require evidence-based optimization of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions.

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