Estimation of Crop Loss Due to Earhead CaterpillarHelicoverpa armigera(Hubner) under Artificial Condition in Sorghum Hybrid CSH-16

The loss of crop following insect attack on cotton was studied in 1950–54 at the Cotton Research Station, Namulonge, which is situated in the elephant-grass zone of Uganda, in which the principal pest of cotton was originally considered to be Lygus vosseleri Popp. In 1953, the main invasion of cotton by Lygus occurred during September and October, originating from cultivated crops of black gram (Phaseolus mungo) and sorghum and from the wild perennial legume, Pseudarthria sp., which earlier workers had considered important. Trials in this zone have demonstrated, over a number of years, that early June is the optimum date for sowing cotton, although such sowings receive the heaviest attack by L. vosseleri. Experiments to determine the maximum loss of yield due to Lygus should therefore be made with cotton sown at this time. Bollworms are also important pests, notably Heliothis armigera (Hb.) and Earias spp., their attacks following those of Lygus and being heaviest in October–November.

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On the Nature of the Cellular Elements Present in Milk. Part III. The Milk of Animals other than the Cow

Journal of Hygiene ◽

10.1017/s0022172400016545 ◽

1911 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 97-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. Tanner Hewlett ◽

Sidney Villar ◽

Cecil Revis

Keyword(s):

General Consideration ◽

Milk Secretion ◽

High Cell ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Artificial Condition ◽

Definite Manner ◽

Blood Elements ◽

Great Stress ◽

Very High ◽

Stimulation Of

The general consideration of these results only tends to confirm the conclusions already arrived at. A uniform type of life evidently tends to a fairly uniform excretion of tissue cells from the udder. The case of Goat II also emphasises the effect of outside causes in increasing temporarily this excretion, while some of the samples of human milk show plainly that very high cell counts are not by any means necessarily connected with any diseased or disordered condition of the mammary gland.We again emphasise the view we have already stated, viz. that in the cow the udder must be looked upon as an organ which has by breeding and selection been brought to an artificial condition of milk secretion and that this has been accompanied by a stimulation of the tissues to cell proliferation and that this proliferation may quite easily be caused to become abnormally great, leading to the appearance of an increased number of cells in the secretion. In support of this view we lay great stress on the fact constantly noticed by us, viz. that when the cell count is high for any reason, the cells themselves are always well-defined, showing little signs of degeneration, and also stain in a much more characteristic and definite manner, a fact which is diffcult to explain if they are to be considered to be blood elements.

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Spatial heterogeneity in yield-pest relationships for crop loss assessment

Ecological Modelling ◽

10.1016/0304-3800(88)90045-2 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 41 (1-2) ◽

pp. 67-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

G. Hughes ◽

R.G. McKinlay

Keyword(s):

Spatial Heterogeneity ◽

Crop Loss ◽

Loss Assessment ◽

Crop Loss Assessment

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Spatial Distribution and Influencing Factors of Crop Loss Caused by Wildlife

Journal of Forest Economics ◽

10.1561/112.00000527 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (1-2) ◽

pp. 103-123

Author(s):

Wenhui Chen ◽

Sha Li ◽

Xi Chenqi

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Influencing Factors ◽

Crop Loss

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Screening Brassica Cultivars for Resistance to Western Oregon Clubroot Pathotypes

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech03694-17 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 510-516

Author(s):

Aaron Heinrich ◽

Shinji Kawai ◽

Jim Myers

Keyword(s):

Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Genetic Resistance ◽

Crop Loss ◽

Soilborne Pathogen ◽

Host Reaction ◽

Brussels Sprouts ◽

Pak Choi ◽

Susceptible Control ◽

Brassicaceae Family

Growing resistant cultivars from the Brassicaceae family (brassicas) is an effective strategy to minimize crop loss caused by the soilborne pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae (clubroot). However, there are many clubroot pathotypes, and genetic resistance to clubroot may be pathotype-specific. To determine which pathotypes are present in western Oregon, diseased roots were collected from five farms and identified by the European clubroot differential (ECD) set. To assess resistance to the identified pathotypes, 21 vegetable cultivars from nine crops with purported resistance to clubroot were evaluated for disease incidence and severity in field and greenhouse studies. The crops evaluated included broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica), cauliflower (B. oleracea var. botrytis), brussels sprouts (B. oleracea var. gemmifera), cabbage (B. oleracea var. capitata), napa cabbage (Brassica rapa var. pekinensis), pak choi (B. rapa var. chinensis), kohlrabi (B. oleracea var. gongylodes), turnip (B. rapa var. rapa), and rutabaga (Brassica napus var. napobrassica). ECD host reaction showed similar virulence among clubroot collections, and all field isolates had the same ECD pathotype designation, 16/02/30. Compared with a crop-specific susceptible control, 17 of 21 cultivars had some resistance to clubroot, and of those, 15 were highly resistant (≤15% incidence with low disease severity). This research demonstrated that western Oregon farmers have several commercially available cultivars with resistance to the dominant pathotyope in the region. However, each farmer must evaluate the suitability of these cultivars to meet consumer and industry requirements.

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Nickel Effect on Pomegranate Cracking, Nutrient Concentrations, and Biochemical Parameters of Pomegranate Peel

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci13331-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (11) ◽

pp. 1677-1682

Author(s):

Olga Dichala ◽

Ioannis Therios ◽

Magdalene Koukourikou-Petridou ◽

Aristotelis Papadopoulos

Keyword(s):

Field Experiment ◽

Boric Acid ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Calcium Concentration ◽

Punica Granatum ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Crop Loss ◽

Fruit Maturation ◽

Fruit Peel ◽

Pomegranate Peel

A field experiment was conducted in a pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) orchard of the well-known cultivars Wonderful and Acco, located in the farm of Aristotle University. The trees were sprayed, every 15 days from flowering (April) to fruit maturation (September), with solutions containing 0, 25, 50, 100 μm Ni, and 100 μm Ni + 100 μm B prepared with Ni(NO3)2·6H2O and boric acid. Leaves and fully ripe fruits were initially sorted into cracked and uncracked ones, then further separated into peel and seeds, sampled, and analyzed. Nickel sprays were effective in controlling fruit splitting as well as Ca and Mg concentration of fruit peels. The correlation between cracking level and Ni concentration in solution was linear and negative. Cracking percentage with 50 μm Ni was lower in ‘Wonderful’, whereas no difference was recorded between the cultivars in the remaining treatments. Leaves had the smallest Ni concentration compared with fruit peel and seeds. Calcium concentration of pomegranate peels was higher than that of control peel at 50 μm Ni in ‘Wonderful’. Concerning ‘Acco’, the treatments 25 μm Ni, 50 μm Ni, and 100 μm Ni + 100 μm B reduced Ca concentration, compared with control. ‘Wonderful’ fruit peel contained more phenolics than ‘Acco’. The treatments 25, 50, and 100 μm Ni increased significantly the flavonoid concentration of fruit peels. The antioxidant capacity ferric-reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) was linearly increased with Ni concentration in solution in ‘Wonderful’, whereas in ‘Acco’ it decreased at 25 and 50 μm Ni. Our data indicates that improving Ni nutrition of pomegranate can potentially reduce crop loss due to cracking and modified phenol and flavonoid concentration and FRAP value of fruit peel.

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