Impact of integrated weed management practices on weed and morphological parameters of black gram (Phaseolus mungo)

A field investigation was carried out during Kharif season in 2010 at Agronomy Department Farm, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, to evaluate the effect of four herbicides (imazethapyr , pendimethalin, fenoxyprop-p-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl) applied at different rates with different time of application (pre-emergence, post emergence and combination of both) and cultural practices i.e. hand weeding and hoeing on morphological and weed contributing parameters in black gram (Phaseolus mungo). Among all the weed control methods, pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg/ha showed superiority over weedy check and rest all other methods, which were under study and significantly increased plant height (44.37), number of functional leaves plant-1 (12.37), leaf area plant-1 (886.7), total dry matter weight plant-1 (18.77), leaf area index (2.96), number of root nodules plant-1 (27 at 45 DAS) (other at 60 DAS), when compared with weedy check.

Efficacy of integrated weed management practices on yield and yield contributing parameters of black gram (Phaseolus mungo)

A field investigation was carried out during Kharif season in 2010 at Agronomy Department Farm,Dr.Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, to evaluate the effect of four herbicides (imazethapyr, pendimethalin,fenoxyprop-p-ethyl and quizal ofop -p-ethyl ) applied at different rates with different time of application (pre-emergence,post emergence and combination of both) and cultural practices onyield and yield contributing parameters of black gram (Phaseolus mungo). Data revealed that different chemicals and cultural weed control practices were exhibited their superiority over weedy check and reduced the crop weed competition by controlling the annual and broad leaved weeds. Among all the weed control treatments, pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg/ha showed higher grain weight plant-1 (4.87), number of pods plant (16.27),number of seeds per pod (7.00) and yield per ha (10.05).

Impact of integrated weed management practices soil microbial count and grain yield in black gram (Phaseolus mungo L.)

A field investigation was carried out during Kharif season in 2010 at Agronomy Department Farm, Dr.Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, to evaluate the effect of four herbicides (imazethapyr, pendimethalin, fenoxyprop-p-ethyl and quizalofop -p-ethyl ) applied at different rates with different time of application (pre-emergence,post emergence and combination of both) and cultural practices on soil microflora and yield of black gram (Phaseolus mungo). Data revealed that different chemicals and cultural weed control practices were exhibited their superiority over weedy check and reduced the crop weed competition by controlling the annual and broad leaved weeds. Among all the weed control treatments, pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg/ha showed higher yield per ha (10.05) and in case of in microbial study, bacterial, fungal and actinomycetes count before spraying of herbicide was non-significant but microbial count was reduced after spraying of herbicides as compared to before spraying of herbicides,as a result(before and after spraying of herbicide) pre-emergence application of imazethapyr at 75 g ha-1[(25.11, 17.10 ) ,( 19.50, 10.84) and (22.30,16.10)] showed the lower microbial count. In case of weedy check(26.90, 20.60 and 23.98) showed maximum microbial count followed by weed free (26.50, 20.30 and 22.60 ), among all the weed control practices.

Effect of weed management practices on weed dynamics and yield in black gram (Phaseolus mungo)

A field investigation was carried out during Kharif season in 2010 at Agronomy Department Farm, Dr.Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, to evaluate the effect of four herbicides (imazethapyr, pendimethalin, fenoxyprop-p-ethyl and quizalofop -p-ethyl) applied at different rates with different time of application (pre-emergence, post emergence and combination of both) and cultural practices i.e. hand weeding and hoeing on weed flora, growth and yield of black gram (Phaseolus mungo L.) .The experiment was laid out in randomized block design replicated three times with thirteen treatments in that chemical and cultural treatments were compared with weedy check and weed free control plots. The important predominant narrow leaved and broad leaved weeds observed were Cyperus rotundus, cyanodon dactylon, Poa annua, Echinochlora crusgalli, Denebra arabica, commelina benghalensis and Digera arvensis , Acalypha indica, Euphorbia geniculata, Phyllanthus niruri, Euphorbia hirta and Alysicarpus rugosus respectively. The results revealed that the application of Pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg a.i./ha as pre - emergence application recorded lowest weed dry weight (2.01), Higher Weed control efficiency (87.42), Lowest weed index (20.46) and significantly higher yield (10.02q/ha), followed by Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha as pre-emergence application and twice hand weeding on 15 and 30 days after sowing (DAS).

Mycorrhizal Fungi and Potassium alleviating water stress imposed during different stages of growth in Phaseolus mungo

A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of Funneliformis mosseae, Acaulospora laevis and potassium (70ppm and 100ppm) on Phaseolus mungo imposed to water stress during three stages of growth. Water stress increased peroxidase activity and reduced nutrient uptake, nodulation and yield as compared to well watered plants. Our results revealed reproductive stage to be the worst stage to experience water stress as the flowers weathered away and reproductive growth shortened resulting in lesser no. of pods followed by pod formation stage during which pod abortion occurred and weight of the pods was negatively affected. Vegetative stage was found to be least affected by water stress. Treatment of plants with mycorrhizae and potassium improved antioxidant enzyme activities, nutrient uptake, nodulation and yield as compared to control. Since the plants stressed during the reproductive stage had minimum peroxidase activity, triple inoculation of plants with FAK2 resulted in maximum enhancement of peroxidase activity (0.882) among the different treatments. With the same treatment, shoot phosphorus (1.806) was found to be maximum during the pod formation stage. Root phosphorus (1.633), nodulation (23.6) and yield in terms of number (11.8) and weight of pods (6.84) were found to be maximum during vegetative stage with FAK2 followed by FAK1. Funneliformis mosseae proved to be an efficient alleviator of stress during all the stages as compared to Acaulospora laevis and either dose of potassium. Funneliformis mosseae along with K2 i.e. 100ppm was quite effective among double treatments.

Response of Blackgram (Phaseolus mungo L.) Varieties to Weed Competition and to Pre and Post Emergence Herbicide Application during Rabi

Background: Blackgram (Phaseolus mungo L.), a major pulse crop of Andhra Pradesh grown in an area of 3.52 lakh ha with a production of 2.93 lakh tons during rabi season (Anonymous, 2019). One of the major characteristics for selection of blackgram varieties for rabi season under conditions of receding soil moisture in black soils is their early vigour and good weed smothering capability. Early varieties due to their early growth habit can cover the land and thus can smother weeds better than late maturing varieties. Further some variations are observed to be more tolerant to post emergence herbicide application. Hence, there is need to evaluate the promising blackgram varieties for their weed competitiveness and tolerance to pre and post emergence herbicidal application.Methods: A field experiment was carried out at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Lam, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, with an objective to find out the competitive ability of blackgram varieties to smother weeds during rabi season of 2015-16 and 2016-17 under upland conditions. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. The treatments consisted of five methods of weed control as main plots, viz., pendimethalin 1.0 kg ha-1 PE, imazethapyr 50 g ha-1 PoE, pendimethalin 1.0 kg ha-1 PE fb imazethapyr 50 g ha-1, PoE, manual weeding at 20 and 40 days after sowing (DAS) along with inter cultivation at 30 DAS and unweeded; four blackgram varieties, viz., GBG 1, PU 31, LBG 787, LBG 752, as sub treatments which were replicated thrice.Result: Weed dry matter recorded at 45 days was lower and weed control efficiency (WCE) was higher with pendimethalin 1.0 kg ha-1 PE fb imazethapyr 50 g ha-1 PoE and was on par with manual weeding with inter cultivation. All the varieties were comparable and equally effective in controlling weed dry matter. Yield of variety GBG 1 was higher due to higher yield attributes viz., no. of pods per plant and 100 seed weight. Among the weed control methods manual weeding treatment with inter cultivation recorded significantly higher yield followed by a combination of pendimethalin 1.0 kg ha-1 PE fb imazethapyr 50 g ha-1 PoE. Further, varieties GBG 1 and PU 31 performed better in manual weeding treatment with intercultivation and without any herbicide use.

Allelopathic effects of Anthocephalus cadamba on germination and growth behavior of some pulses

The present study was undertaken to explore the allelopathic capability of Anthocephalus cadamba leaf litters on four common pulses viz. Pisum sativum, Phaseolus mungo, Cicer arietinum and Lens esculenta uncovered critical hindrance of seed germination and seedling development. The leaf powder obtained after shade drying (1, 2, 5 and 10 g) was doused independently in 100 ml distilled water for a day and a half (36hrs). Application of this leaf extracts reduced seed germination rate and suppressed early seedling growth. With increase in extract concentration from 1 to 10%, a slow abatement in seed germination and seedling length happened. The inhibitory impacts were relative to the groupings of leaf separates and the higher fixation (5-10%) had more inhibitory impacts. Among the test crops, Cicer arietinum and Pisum sativum seeds were least touchy to the utilization of different groupings of leaf extracts while Lens esculenta and Phaseolus mungo seeds were more helpless to the allelopathic impacts of Anthocephalus cadamba. The results suggest that leaf extracts of Anthocephalus cadamba had strong allelopathic activity although the activity differed depending on concentration. The current investigation could be significant in arranging the field under various harvests considering the common agro-biological system for better return. It is also suggested that these pulses should not be planted close to Anthocephalus cadamba due to unfriendly impacts on their development and advancement. These results suggested that the A. cadamba had allelopathic potential which decreases germination and plant development.