scholarly journals A chronological history of voyages into the Arctic regions; undertaken chiefly for the purpose of discovering a north-east, north-west, or polar passage between the Atlantic and Pacific ... By John Barrow, F.R.S.

1818 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Barrow
Keyword(s):  
The Arctic ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Personal fund of hydropower engineer S. V. Grigoriev of the Museum-archive of the BCH KSC RAS

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4-2021) ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
O. V. Shabalina ◽  
◽  
K. S. Kazakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Study ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Biographical Information ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
European North ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
History Of

The article presents materials from the personal fund of the largest hydropower engineer of the North-West of the USSR S. V. Grigoriev, belonging to the Museum-Archive of History of Studying and Exploration of the European North of the Barents Centre of Humanities of the KSC RAS. The personal documents of the scientist and the practitioner are sources of biographical information given in the article and potential sources for research in the field of the history of the scientific study of water bodies, rivers and the development of hydropower in the Arctic.

LXXXIX. Observations upon a slight earthquake, tho' very particular which may lead to the knowlege of the cause of great and violent ones, that ravage whole countries, and overturn cities. Translated from the French

1757 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 645-648
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
History Of

I went to make my observation upon the natural history of the sea; and when I arrived at a place called the Cauldrons of Lance Caraibe, near Lancebertrand, a part of the island of Grande Terre Guadaloupe, in which place the coast runs north-east and south-west, the sea being much agitated that day flowed from the north-west.

A History of Some of the International Fisheries Commissions

1972 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 361-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Cushing
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
World War ◽  
International Council ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Foreign Office ◽  
History Of ◽  
International Fisheries

This paper is an account of the development of the International Fisheries Commissions. Excluded are the commissions under the aegis of FAO: an earlier group, for example the Indo-Pacific Fisheries Commission, are only advisory, and later ones, like the Atlantic Tuna Commission, have not been in existence for long enough to discern characteristics in their activity. The activities of the Russo-Japanese commissions in the north-west Pacific are also excluded, because their actions do not have great influence on the older commissions or upon the newer ones established in the last five years or so. Although the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea has now only an advisory function in the North-East Atlantic Fisheries Commission, during its earlier history before World War II it was always able to act through the Danish Foreign Office. But a much more important point is that the International Council played a historically dominant part in the early development of many of the commissions, except of course those which originated in the north-east Pacific.

Hydrogenetic Fe-Mn crusts from European seas: source of potentially economic cobalt mining.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egidio Marino ◽  
Javier González ◽  
Teresa Medialdea ◽  
Luis Somoza ◽  
Rosario Lunar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
World Production ◽  
Critical Metals ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The World

<p>The world increasing demand of electric vehicles (EVs) that use lithium-ion batteries (LIB), in which cobalt is one of the essential elements, focused the attention on its demand that is calculated will increase of 7-13% annually until 2030. The actual production of cobalt, usually extract as by-product of nickel and copper mine, is reduced to almost 20 countries between which the Democratic Republic of the Congo is the bigger producer with 55% of the world production. In Europe cobalt is produced only in Finland that actually provides 2.300 tonnes, the 2% of the world production. In this way several projects have been promoted by European Union, with the Raw Material Initiative, in order to find and evaluate the sustainable production of important materials in Europe.</p><p>MINDeSEA[1] project is part of the GeoERA and represent the collaboration of 12 national geological institution partners, to characterize marine deposits and their contents in Critical Raw Materials (CRM) and to generate a comprehensive cartography and metallogenic models of them. The first preliminary map produced in 2019 represents the localization and evaluation of cobalt rich deposits in the oceans within the EEZ and ECS of the European countries.  Cobalt deposits are represented essentially by hydrogenetic Fe-Mn crusts located essentially in the Macaronesian area of the north east Atlantic Ocean (in the Portugal and Spain), submarine plateaus, as the Galicia Bank (in the north west Spanish) and in the Arctic Ocean ridges (Norway and Iceland). The report differentiates between occurrences (<0.05 wt. %) and deposits (>0.05 wt. %), with the possibility of more than 200 Mt resources per potential deposit.</p><p>Detailed mineralogical, geochemical and metallogenic studies are being developed in crusts from the Macaronesia. Fe-Mn crusts absorb dissolved elements in seawaters on the surface of the fresh precipitated oxy-hydroxides during their slow growth through millions of years. Several elements are concentrated in Fe-Mn crusts and between them cobalt is one of the most enriched trace metals (average 0.6 wt. %) accompanied by other strategic and critical metals such as nickel, copper, tellurium, molybdenum and rare earth elements plus yttrium (REY) (respectively 3000, 500, 150, 500 and 3500 µg/g). Micro Raman and micro X-Ray diffraction can be used to differentiate the mineralogy in laminae of less than 20 microns. On the other hand, electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA) and Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), are useful in order to quantify contents of CRM in the different mineral phases. These are innovative techniques in order to identify critical-elements bearing minerals and thus choose the metallurgic method for a more efficient and sustainable extraction of the interesting elements.</p><p>The evaluation of a seamount as a future mine site has to take into account all these mineralogical and chemical features as well as a proper knowledge of the seamount (morpho-structure, geology, oceanography, ecosystems) and the Fe-Mn crust thickness and extension</p><div><br><div> <p>[1] This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 731166</p> </div> </div>

scholarly journals Brief History of the North-West Okhotsk Sea Coast Archaeological Research (In Celebration of the 90th Anniversary of the First Northern Okhotsk Sea Coast Archaeology Publication by V. I. Ogorodnikov)

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 20-31
Author(s):  
Sergey B. Slobodin ◽  
Alisa Yu. Zelenskaya
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Northeastern Russia ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Okhotsk Sea ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sea Coast

Purpose. To analyze the significance of V. Ogorodnikov’s 1929 article on finds from Olsky (Zaviyalova) Island in the historiography of archaeological research in northeastern Russia. Results. An analysis of his published materials, in the context of the history of archaeological research in Northeast Asia in the 18th – first quarter of the 20th century shows that this was, in fact, the first professional publication on archaeological research in this part of northeast Asia. Until that time, sporadic publications about random finds and their fragmentary descriptions did not give a holistic picture of human existence in these territories. It was also the first Russian archaeological publication post-revolution on the antiquities of the north of the Far East. However, Ogorodnikov’s article, from the day of its publication, was forgotten, and in all further archaeological research, both in Northeast Asia as a whole, and on Zaviyalova Island and in Taui Bay in particular, was not mentioned and was not analyzed by the archaeologists who conducted research there, although the conclusions made by him were confirmed by further work. This, apparently, was due to the fact that although he was a well-known Siberian historian and the first Dean of the Department of History of Irkutsk University, Ogorodnikov was unjustly repressed for political reasons in 1933 and died in 1938 in a Gulag camp. Despite the fact that he was politically rehabilitated in 1957, his name has not yet returned to the historiography of archeology of Northeast Asia. This publication aims to fill this gap. The Neolithic age of the archaeological materials declared and published by Ogorodnikov, previously unforeseen and not justified by anyone for Northeast Asia, was fully confirmed by further research. Conclusion. The publication by Ogorodnikov in 1929 featuring results of the first excavations in Taui Bay on Olsky (Zaviyalova) Island is a significant milestone in archaeological research in the North-East of Russia.

scholarly journals An ephemeral anomaly. The metamorphoses of the Eskimo Language School: 1968-1999

2006 ◽  
Vol 29 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 239-249
Author(s):  
Mick Mallon
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Language Shift ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Language Training ◽  
Institutional Control ◽  
North West ◽  
Language School ◽  
History Of ◽  
Government Of Canada ◽  
Set Up

Abstract This is an informal history of the now defunct Eskimo Language School and its successors from 1968 to its demise in 1999. The Eskimo Language School was an institution set up by the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development of the federal government of Canada in order to provide Inuktitut as second language training to federal and North West Territorial employees. Private students were also admitted if there was space. It could therefore be considered an early effort to ameliorate the effects of the language shift from Inuktitut to English that was the inevitable result of the incursion of a massive southern bureaucracy into the Arctic. In addition, the school had a secondary effect on the situation as it provided a casual form of apprenticeship in applied linguistics to the young Inuit who spent time there as instructors. Its story is also that of an anomaly, a creation of the bureaucracy that escaped the usual stultifying institutional control for most of its existence. At the end of the paper there is a brief discussion of the problems involved in teaching a polysynthetic language to speakers of languages such as English and French, with suggestions for solutions.

Region Building and Regional Cooperation in Response to Environmental Challenges: A Case Study from the Barents Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-157
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Mackie
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Environmental Challenges ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Barents Region ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cold War

During the Cold War, the border between Norway and the Soviet Union was almost completely closed and there were few diplomatic relations between the Arctic regions of northern Europe and the Soviet Union. Within weeks of the end of the Soviet Union, however, the Norwegian government began negotiations over regional cooperation which led to what is now the Barents Euro-Arctic Cooperation.This article argues that one of the significant incentives which led to the formation of the Barents region at the time that the Soviet Union collapsed was the common environmental threats faced by each of the Arctic nations of Europe and northwest Russia. This article considers the sources of the environmental challenges and the work that has been undertaken to tackle those shared threats. It also considers the region building that has taken place as a result of the cooperation which, although it began as a means of solving the environmental threats but has now spread much further with cohesion and cooperation in many other policy areas. The article concludes with a discussion of how this model could be used as a means of encouraging regional cooperation in other parts of the world, particularly in areas where there is a history of conflict or where there are shared environmental concerns.

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