Caracterização preliminar da carga de metais traços transportadas pelo Canal Santa Bárbara destinando ao Canal São Gonçalo, Pelotas (RS) Brasil

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
John Felipe da Cruz Garcia ◽  
Clarice Tessmann ◽  
Pedro José Sanches Filho ◽  
Nathaly Nunes da Rosa ◽  
Lucineia Volter Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Threshold Effect ◽  
Santa Barbara ◽  
Threshold Effect Level ◽  
Effect Level

O presente trabalho determinou os teores dos metais cromo (Cr), chumbo (Pb) e zinco (Zn) em amostras de sedimento transportadas do canal Santa Bárbara para o do canal São Gonçalo. As amostras de sedimentos secas sofreram digestão com a água régia e o ácido perclórico, sendo seus extratos analisados por espectrofotometria de absorção em chama. O s resultados revelaram níveis de Chumbo de 108,8 mg kg-1±8,9% mg kg-1 Valor acima do qual efeito adverso à vida aquática é esperado. Também foram quantificado Cr e o Zn estando o Cr acima do TEL - threshold effect level.

scholarly journals Effect Thresholds of Metals in Stream Sediments Based on In Situ Oligochaete Communities

Environments ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Régis Vivien ◽  
Carmen Casado-Martínez ◽  
Michel Lafont ◽  
Benoit J.D. Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Threshold Effect ◽  
Stream Sediments ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Probable Effect Level ◽  
Threshold Effect Level ◽  
Probable Effect ◽  
Effect Level

Aquatic oligochaetes, comprising a large number of species showing various degrees of resistance to chemical pollution, are recognized as valuable bioindicators of sediments’ quality. In the Geneva area (Switzerland), oligochaete tools were previously tested for assessing the biological quality of stream sediments, and effect thresholds of combined metals (quotients) in sediments were defined. The aims of the present study were to update this previous work with new data acquired in different cantons of Switzerland and to establish effect thresholds on oligochaete communities for individual metals and for combined metals. The oligochaete metrics “Oligochaete index of sediment bioindication (IOBS)”, “oligochaete density” and “percentage of tubificids without hair setae” proved pertinent for assessing the effects of metals and organic matter in sediments. We established a threshold effect level (TELoligo) and probable effect level (PELoligo) for eight metals in sediments (Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Hg and As) as well as a probable effect level for these metals combined (mPELoligo-Q). These thresholds could be used directly to screen for alteration of in situ communities restricted to sediments and/or for establishing sediment quality standards based on a combination of different biological and ecotoxicological tools.

scholarly journals Distribution, Enrichment and Transport of Trace Metals in Sediments from the Dagu River Estuary in the Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, China

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinqing Liu ◽  
Ping Yin ◽  
Xiaoying Chen ◽  
Ke Cao
Keyword(s):  
River Runoff ◽  
Marine Organism ◽  
Jiaozhou Bay ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Threshold Effect ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Probable Effect Level ◽  
Threshold Effect Level ◽  
Effect Level

26 river bank sediments and 15 estuary seafloor sediments were sampled from the Dagu River and the estuary of Northwestern Jiaozhou Bay to determine contaminations of heavy metals and metalloids (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, Hg and As). The trace metal contents in sediment from the estuary area were much higher than those of the river. Correlation analysis showed that except for Pb, the metals were mainly controlled by the grain size, and enriched by adsorption of aluminosilicate minerals, Fe/Mn oxides and organic matter in river and estuary sediments. In addition to Cu in some stations, the metals met the requirements of the marine organism and humans for the quality of the marine environment. The concentrations of Cu, Pb, Cr, Hg and As were between the threshold effect level (TEL) and probable effect level (PEL), indicating those metals might have occasional adverse effects. Results of Enrichment Factor values revealed that the entire study area was enriched in Pb and Hg, at moderate environmental risk, but the estuary was more significant. Pb and Hg contaminations in this area were mainly from coal combustion and automobile emissions. River runoff and atmospheric deposition dominated the metals distribution and enrichment in the study area. Contaminants in sediments entering the estuary were further transported to the south and east under the river runoff and reciprocating current in the Jiaozhou Bay.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF CONTAMINATION BY POTENTIALLY TOXIC ELEMENTS (PTE) OF SEDIMENTS AROUND THE PETROLEUM TERMINAL PIPELINE “DUTOS E TERMINAIS DO CENTRO SUL (DTCS)”, SP, BRAZIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-402
Author(s):  
Wânia Duleba ◽  
Silas Gubitoso ◽  
Maria Virgínia Alves Martins ◽  
Andreia Cristiane Teodoro ◽  
Leonardo Antonio Pregnolato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Threshold Effect ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
Threshold Effect Level ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Effect Level ◽  
High Concentrations

The Petroleum Terminal Pipeline “Dutos e Terminais do Centro Sul (DTCS)” is one of the largest petroleum terminals in Brazil. To assess wastewater treatment efficiency of the DTCS and to evaluate the contamination by potentially toxic elements (PTE) of sediments, ten sampling points were studied near the riser output of the submarine outfall in the summer of 2005, 2006 and 2007, and ten sampling points were studied along the São Sebastião Channel (CSS). All data were above the standards required by the Brazilian salt water/brackish Water Directives (CONAMA Resolution 454/2012). However, the sediments near the submarine outfall were enriched by As and Cu, with concentrations exceeding the threshold effect level (TEL). In 2005 and 2006, the concentrations of Ba, Sr, Ni and Pb exceeded the values established by TEL in some places. Concentrations of As were 69 times higher than that measured in the background station. In 2007, all the analyzed metals almost doubled the concentrations of that found in 2005. High concentrations of PTE in the sediments, namely Ba and As, are a source of contamination that should be considered for the water quality management planning of the DTCS system. Avaliação da Contaminação por Elementos Químicos Potencialmente Tóxicos (PTE) dos Sedimentos da Região do Terminal Petrolífero “Dutos e Terminais do Centro Sul (DTCS)”, SP, Brasil ResumoO Terminal Petrolífero “Dutos e Terminais do Centro Sul (DTCS)”, SP, Brasil é um dos maiores terminais de petróleo do Brasil. Para avaliar a eficiência do tratamento de águas residuais do DTCS e estimar a contaminação por elementos potencialmente tóxicos (PTE) dos sedimentos, foram estudados dez pontos de amostragem perto da saída do ducto submarino no verão de 2005, 2006 e 2007 e dez pontos de amostragem ao longo do Canal de São Sebastião (CSS). Todos os dados estavam acima dos padrões exigidos pelas Diretrizes Brasileiras para Águas Salgadas/Salobras (Resolução CONAMA 454/2012). No entanto, os sedimentos perto do exutor submarino estavam enriquecidos por As e Cu, tendo as concentrações excedido o nível limiar de efeito (TEL; the threshold effect level). Em 2005 e 2006, as concentrações de Ba, Sr, Ni e Pb ultrapassaram os valores estabelecidos para o TEL. As concentrações de As foram 69 vezes superiores às medidas na estação de fundo. Em 2007, todos os PTE tinham quase duplicado as concentrações de 2005. As altas concentrações de PTE nos sedimentos, nomeadamente Ba e As, são uma fonte de contaminação que deve ser considerada no planejamento da gestão da qualidade da água do sistema DTCS. Palavras-chaves: Elementos Químicos Potencialmente Tóxicos. Sedimentos. Emissários Submarinos. Efluentes Petroquímicos.

scholarly journals DIAGNÓSTICO AMBIENTAL DE METAIS NO SEDIMENTO DE CÓRREGOS ADJACENTES A ÁREAS DE CULTIVO DE BANANA (MUSA SPP.) NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO, BRASIL

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Juliano José Corbi ◽  
Priscila Kleine ◽  
Susana Trivinho Strixino ◽  
Ademir Dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Riparian Vegetation ◽  
Threshold Effect ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Banana Plant ◽  
Plant Cultivation ◽  
Probable Effect Level ◽  
Threshold Effect Level ◽  
Probable Effect ◽  
Effect Level

The State of São Paulo is the great banana producer with 1.17 million tons per year. In this area, 33.113 ha are destined to the production of 810.000 tons of banana. The use fertilizers in the banana plant cultivation, in addition with deforestation of riparian vegetation are responsible for impacts on the hydric resources. This work deals with the possible impact of banana activity in the sediments of 10 streams by the study of 7 metals (Cd, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cr and Ni). The results show that there is a higher concentration of metals in streams with banana cultivation than forested streams. Although, with exception of Ni, the values of metals detected are above to the Threshold Effect Level (TEL) and the Probable Effect Level (PEL) for sediments.

scholarly journals Determination of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in the sediments of Mangueira Lagoon/RS/Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 236-242
Author(s):  
Marcelo Uarthe Grimmler ◽  
Francisco Osvaldo Peres Pereira ◽  
Lucas Aldrigui Silveira ◽  
Leandro Dos Santos ◽  
Pedro José Sanches Filho
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Threshold Effect ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
Probable Effect Level ◽  
Threshold Effect Level ◽  
Probable Effect ◽  
Effect Level ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Geological Formations

The Mangueira Lagoon is 123 km long and 7.6 km wide at its widest point, with an average depth of 2.5 m. By the fact that this lagoon is one of the youngest geological formations on Earth (only 4.5 thousand years), little is known about the geology of its sediments. This work describes the concentration of the toxic metals Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in surface sediments samples of Mangueira Lagoon. The sediment samples were collected and underwent pseudo-acid digestion (aqua regia / perchloric acid). The extracts obtained were analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy in flame. Cu and Zn were detected at all points during the test. Zn is a major element, ranging from 2.5 mg kg-1 ± 0.3% to 4.1 mg kg-1 ± 2.4%, followed by Cu with values between 2.0 mg kg-1 ± 8.5% to 2.5 mg kg-1 ± 4.2%. Considering the parameters established by the CCME (Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines), TEL (Threshold Effect Level) and PEL (Probable Effect Level), the concentrations of toxic metals found in the surface sediment were low and showed low environmental impacts. These results constitute a contribution to a better understanding of the processes that occur in the region, serving as a basis for future work.

Assessment of element concentrations in surface sediment samples from Sığacık Bay (eastern Aegean)

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 1154-1166
Author(s):  
Özde BAKAK ◽  
Filiz KÜÇÜKSEZGİN ◽  
Faik Erdeniz ÖZEL
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Threshold Effect ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Western Anatolia ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
Probable Effect Level ◽  
Threshold Effect Level ◽  
Eastern Aegean ◽  
Effect Level

Concentrations of Al, Fe, As, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Hg, and organic carbon, and grain size distribution were investigated in the surface sediments of 7 sampling stations in the Sığacık Bay (western Anatolia) in December 2016. At all of the sampling stations, the concentrations of Pb, Ni, Cr, and As were higher than the average shale values. The highest concentrations of Pb, Cu, Zn, As, and Hg were found at stations near Doğanbey Cape. The possible sources of pollution were evaluated using several parameters: the enrichment factor (Ef), contamination factor (Cf), and contamination degree (Cd). The Ef values ranged between 0.12 and 7.61 in the bay. The high Ef (>1.5) values of Pb, Cu, Ni, Co, and As were assessed to explain the influence of anthropogenic sources. Additionally, the Cf values ranged from 0.46 to 5.61, while the Cd values ranged from 11.69 to 20.45 in the study area. The Cd of the Cr and As ranged between moderate and considerable, and the highest Cd was measured at stations near Doğanbey Cape. Additionally, the pollution degrees were assessed using sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), the threshold effect level (TEL), the probable effect level (PEL), the effects range low (ERL), and the effects range median (ERM). It was demonstrated that the sediments were generally heavily polluted with Cr and Ni, and moderately with Pb and Cu, according to the numerical SQGs. The concentrations of Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, and Ni were above the TEL, while Cr and Ni were also higher than the PEL levels for all of the samples.

Analyzing the Spatial Distribution of Sediment Contamination in the Lower Great Lakes

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Wayne Forsythe ◽  
Chris H. Marvin
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Lake Erie ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Threshold Effect ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
Probable Effect Level ◽  
Threshold Effect Level ◽  
Effect Level

Abstract Despite significant reductions in contaminant concentrations over the past 30 years, large areas within Lake Erie and Lake Ontario still exceed Canadian sediment quality guidelines. Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) can persist for long periods of time in the environment and cause significant ecosystem damage. Analyses of the spatial distribution of these contaminants were carried out using a GIS-based kriging technique. Initially, statistically valid results were obtained for three of four contaminants in Lake Erie (HCB, Pb, Hg) and two of four (HCB, Hg) in Lake Ontario. Acceptable concentration estimates were subsequently achieved for all contaminants following log-normal transformation kriging analyses. In general, the concentration of contaminants was lower in sediment collected in Lake Erie than in Lake Ontario. In many areas of Lake Erie, the concentrations were under both the probable effect level (PEL) and the threshold effect level (TEL), which relate to the severity of adverse biological effects that may be expected. Greater concentrations of these contaminants were observed in Lake Ontario sediments, which can be partly explained by the bathymetry and current circulation patterns in the lake.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of heavy metals in surface sediments of Kalametiya Lagoon in southern Sri Lanka; insight towards pollution status and socio-economic interactions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunanda Kodikara ◽  
Hossein Tiemoory ◽  
Mangala Chathura De Silva ◽  
Pathmasiri Ranasinghe ◽  
Sudarshana Somasiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Suspended Sediments ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Threshold Effect Level ◽  
Effect Level ◽  
Economic Interactions

Abstract Heavy metal (HM) pollution has become a serious threat to coastal aquatic ecosystems. This study, therefore, aimed at assessing the spatial distribution of selected heavy metals/metalloids including Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb), and Mercury (Hg) in surface sediment (0–15 cm) samples collected across Kalametiya Lagoon in southern Sri Lanka. Forty-one (41) grid points of the lagoon were sampled and the sediment samples were analyzed for HM content by using ICP-MS. A questionnaire survey was carried out to investigate the possible sources for HM pollution in Kalametiya Lagoon. Water pH and salinity showed significant variation across the lagoon. Overall mean value of pH and salinity were 6.68 ± 0.17 and 2.9 ± 2.2 PSU respectively. The spatial distribution of the heavy metals was not monotonic and showed a highly spatial variation. The kernel density maps of the measured heavy metals demarcated several different areas of the lagoon. The mean contents of As, Cd, Cr, Hg, and Pb were lower than that of threshold effect level (TEL) however, higher for Hg at the North Inlet. Nevertheless, it was still lower than potential effect level (PEL). Socio-economic interactions have dramatically reduced during the past two decades. Industrial sewage, river suspended sediments and agrochemicals such as fertilizers, pesticides were reportedly identified as the possible sources for heavy metal loads. Accumulation of toxic heavy metals can be minimized by detouring the water inflow to the lagoon.

Metal and phosphorus in bottom sediment of a small-sized reservoir in a rural mountainous catchment (NE Portugal): accumulation and geochemical mobility

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anabela Reis ◽  
Marta Roboredo
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Sediment Flux ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Sediment Retention ◽  
Probable Effect Level ◽  
Threshold Effect Level ◽  
Geochemical Phases ◽  
Effect Level

<p>Small-sized reservoirs have less capacity for the retention of sediment but are widely distributed in regulated basins. Therefore, small reservoirs collectively impart an important anthropogenic signature to the global sediment-flux, increasing the mean sediment retention when compared with estimates of mean sediment retention of large reservoirs.</p><p>A geochemical study of sediment-associated metal and phosphorus from a small-sized riverine reservoir, located in a mountainous rural region (Vila Real in NE Portugal), was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the reservoir as traps for these elements. The contents of metals and P were determined, as well as their spatial distribution pattern and their potential availability by using a four-step sequential extraction procedure for metals and the Chang and Jackson fractionation for P.</p><p>The metal contents in sediments were in the ranges of (µg/g): Cr (22-122); Cu (31-83); Ni (5-71); Pb (49-160); Zn (207-334). All the geochemical phases studied were important in the retention of the metals; within the most labile fractions, the reducible fraction was the most significant. The studied elements can be classed by potential relative mobility: Zn > Pb > Cu > Cr, Ni. The partition of elements contents through the geochemical phases and the balance between contents associated with the most mobile fractions and with the residual fraction suggest an important contribution from lithology to the total contents of Cr and Ni, and a significant contribution of anthropogenic activities to the contents of Cu, Pb, and Zn in the sediments from the reservoir. The analysis of the results on the geochemical partitioning of metals revealed to be important when the Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs) are considered. Phosphorus showed contents ranging between 1518-2454 µg/g; most samples revealed the predominance of the Fe-P fraction.</p><p>In general, the sediments of the reservoir showed maximum values of contents of metals above the Threshold Effect Level (TEL, µg/g: Cr-37.3; Cu-35.7; Ni-18; Pb-35; Zn-123). Chromium, Ni, Pb and Zn showed total contents exceeding the values of Probable Effect Level (PEL, µg/g: Cr-90; Cu-197; Ni-36; Pb-91.3; Zn-315). Chromium and Ni showed higher values than the reference ones, but these can be considered relatively unavailable since they are associated with the residual phase. The potentially available and/or total amounts of metals and P in sediments were relatively high, indicating that the quality of bottom sediments accumulated in this small-sized reservoir should be considered in management policies.</p>

scholarly journals Baseline Study of Trace Element Concentrations in Sediments of the Intertidal Zone of Amazonian Oceanic Beaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jéssica C. E. Vilhena ◽  
Ana Amorim ◽  
Lourenço Ribeiro ◽  
Bernardo Duarte ◽  
Maíra Pombo
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Probable Effect Level ◽  
Threshold Effect Level ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Effect Level

Analyzing the presence and quantifying trace elements is of paramount importance to understand natural environmental processes and monitor the degree of anthropogenic disturbance to mitigate impacts already caused. Here, we aimed to establish a baseline of the trace elements profile and concentrations in sandy sediments of intertidal areas of three Amazonian beaches (Brazil). For each beach, sediments were collected from three different sectors (south, center, and north) and five shoreline distance levels (from the high- to the low-water mark), totalizing 15 samples per beach. The concentration of the different trace elements (Mg, Al, P, S, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Cd, Sn, I, Hg, and Pb) was determined by Total reflection X-ray Fluorescence spectrometry. Sediment was also characterized for its grain size, organic matter, and pH. To assess possible enrichment due to anthropogenic activities we compared trace element levels with the values for the Earth’s crust and calculated pollution indexes: geoaccumulation index (Igeo), ecological risk index (RI), contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI), and sediment quality guideline (SQG), threshold effects level (TEL) and probable effects level (PEL). Individual trace metal concentrations did not vary significantly between beaches, sectors, or sample levels, evidencing a homogeneity of trace elements composition and concentrations across this environment. Igeo indicated 62.2% of the sampling stations uncontaminated, 20.0% from uncontaminated to moderately contaminated, and 4.44% (two sampling stations) strongly contaminated, the same two areas classified as high ecological risk by RI. Most of the sampling points presented low CF. Cadmium and Hg were the only elements that showed moderate to very high values of CF. According to the SQGs, 77.7 and 8.8% of the sampling points presented values above the moderate threshold effect level (SQG-TEL) and probable effect level (SQG-PEL), respectively. All points were classified as non-polluted according to the PLI. Our results show that the three beaches present safe levels of almost of the elements demonstrating the good state of preservation. Most of the indexes classified the sampling points as non-polluted, except for Cd and Hg in a few specific sampling points.

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