scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL FORMULA OF THE LINEAR ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT TO TISSUE EQUIVALENT SAMPLE WITH THE CONTINUOUS X-RAY

1971 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-265
Author(s):  
Tadashige Makino
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Linear Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Linear Absorption ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tissue Equivalent

scholarly journals Directly observing intracellular nanoparticle formation with nanocomputed tomography

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (43) ◽  
pp. eaba3190
Author(s):  
Miaomiao Zhang ◽  
Yong Guan ◽  
Zheng Dang ◽  
Pinggen Zhang ◽  
Zhen Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Linear Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Linear Absorption ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nanoparticle Formation ◽  
Near Future

Directly observing intracellular nanostructure formation remains challenging. In this work, using a rationally designed small-molecule 4-nitrobenzyl carbamate–Cys(SEt)-Asp-Asp-Phe(iodine)–2-cyano-benzothiazole (NBC-Iod-CBT), we directly observed intracellular nanoparticle formation with nanocomputed tomography (nano-CT). In vitro, upon glutathione reduction and nitroreductase (NTR) cleavage, NBC-Iod-CBT undergoes a CBT-Cys click condensation reaction to self-assemble nanoparticles Iod-CBT-NPs with an average linear absorption coefficient (LAC) value of 0.182 ± 0.078 μm−1 to x-ray. Nano-CT imaging of the NBC-Iod-CBT–treated, NTR-overexpressing HeLa cells showed the existence of Iod-CBT-NPs in their cytoplasm with an average LAC value of 0.172 ± 0.032 μm−1. We anticipate that our strategy could help people to deeply understand the formation mechanism of intracellular nanostructures in the near future.

Experimental Implications of X-Ray Standing Waves

2014 ◽  
pp. 462-482
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Standing Waves ◽  
Anomalous Absorption ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Linear Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Linear Absorption ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Basic Concepts

Basic concepts of dynamic X-ray diffraction are applied in distinguishing between the propagation along the atomic planes characterized by the linear absorption coefficient and the perpendicular propagation on the atomic planes. Propagation is responsible for the generation of the standing waves through the anomalous absorption coefficient on dispersion branches of diffraction.

An X-Ray Absorption Technique for Measurement of Coat Weight on Paper

1960 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 309-318
Author(s):  
Haydn H. Murray ◽  
William D. Johns
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Production Control ◽  
Absorption Method ◽  
Linear Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Linear Absorption ◽  
Absorbing Medium ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Coating Layers ◽  
X Ray Absorption ◽  
Absorption Technique

AbstractAn X-ray absorption method was utilized to determine rapidly and precisely the thickness and weight of inorganic coating layers applied to paper. The mass absorption coefficient μ/ρ was calculated for kaolins and substituted in the following formulawhere I is the X-ray intensity after passing through a medium whose thickness is x centimeters, I0 Is the X-ray intensity before passing through a medium, μ. is the linear absorption coefficient, and ρ is the density of the absorbing medium.The film thickness was calculated and related to coat weight. Coated sheets of variable basis weight, utilizing different adhesives and coat weights, were used. The method is rapid and coating thicknesses can be determined with an accuracy of plus or minus 0.5μ and coat weight of plus or minus 0.2 lb. It is believed that the method can be adapted for production control on the paper coating machines.

Optical Absorption In Hg1−xCdxTe

1997 ◽  
Vol 484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaidya Nathan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Optical Absorption ◽  
Band Structure ◽  
Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Recent Experimental Data ◽  
Narrow Gap ◽  
Interband Transitions ◽  
Linear Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Linear Absorption

AbstractThe theory of optical absorption due to interband transitions in direct-gap semiconductors is revisited. A new analytical expression for linear absorption coefficient in narrow-gap semiconductors is obtained by including the nonparabolic band structure due to Keldysh and Burstein-Moss shift. Numerical results are obtained for Hg1−xCdxTe for several values of x and temperature, and compared with recent experimental data. The agreement is found to be good.

scholarly journals Determination of the quasi-TE mode (in-plane) graphene linear absorption coefficient via integration with silicon-on-insulator racetrack cavity resonators

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 18625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain F Crowe ◽  
Nicholas Clark ◽  
Siham Hussein ◽  
Brian Towlson ◽  
Eric Whittaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Silicon On Insulator ◽  
Linear Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Linear Absorption ◽  
Cavity Resonators ◽  
Te Mode

scholarly journals Effect of egg white, perlite, gypsum and fly ash in environment friendly insulation materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-342
Author(s):  
Hanifi Binici ◽  
Orhan Aksogan ◽  
Rifat Resatoglu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Egg White ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Binding Property ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Linear Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Linear Absorption ◽  
Insulation Materials

In this study, engineering features of insulation materials produced from egg white, perlite, gypsum and fly ash were investigated. Densities, water absorption ratios, ultrasonic velocities and thermal conductivity coefficients of samples were determined. Furthermore, linear absorption coefficient were measured by gamma ray saturation levels at 17.7, 26 and 60 keV energies. Thermal conductivity coefficients of the produced composites were found to be in the range 0.0882- 0.0995 Kcal/mh?C. Egg white decreased the linear absorption coefficients. Unit weights of samples were found to be dependent on their contents. As gypsum rate increased, unit weight also increased. As perlite rate increased thermal conductivity coefficient decreased. As egg white decreased the linear absorption coefficient decreased, also. The most important benefits of these types of materials are their being impermeable and perfectly compatible with the environment. These lighter type materials were/are compatible with Turkey and the Middle East environment. Egg white has been resistant to radiation. Hence, it is highly compatible with the environment. The compressive and flexural strengths of mortars decreased with the use of egg whites in mortar. So, egg white enhances the binding property of samples. In most cases, some organic and/or inorganic additives are used as well, to improve the physical and mechanical properties of mortar, such as egg whites and others. Finally, this study shows that it is possible to produce an insulation material resistant to sound and radiation by using egg white, perlite and fly ash. It is seen that the samples incorporating egg white could be used at hospitals, military and industrial facilities and shelters which are under radiation hazard. Furthermore, this insulation materials will be put to use in industry in Turkey after many experiments have been done on laboratory.

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