scholarly journals History of Atmospheric Cosmic Ray Research at the National Bureau of Standards

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bert M. Coursey
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Base Station ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Radiation Dose Rate ◽  
History Of

In the late 1930s, a team of physicists from the National Bureau of Standards (now the National Institute of Standards and Technology) published eight papers on the investigation of cosmic rays in the atmosphere. Payloads launched with weather balloons, also known as radiosondes, were equipped with sensors to measure temperature, relative humidity, pressure, and radiation dose. A battery-operated telemetry system was used to continuously transmit at 60 MHz to a base station. They measured the radiation dose profiles of cosmic radiation in the atmosphere up to 21 km. Calibration of the Geiger-Müller counters with a standard radium source allowed them to calculate a radiation dose rate at an altitude corresponding to 10 kPa that was 180 times the dose rate near sea level in Washington, DC. Ascents in Washington, DC (latitude 39 degrees) and Lima, Peru (near equator) allowed them to demonstrate the effects of Earth’s magnetic field on incident galactic cosmic rays; the dose rate in Peru was only half that in Washington, DC.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF MOBILE DEVICE FOR GAMMA RADIATION MEASUREMENT UTILIZING LORA AS THE COMMUNICATION MEANS

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Putu Susila ◽  
Agung Alfiansyah ◽  
Istofa Istofa ◽  
Sukandar Sukandar ◽  
Budi Santoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Decision Support System ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Support System ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Radiation Measurement ◽  
Radiation Dose Rate ◽  
Global Positioning

Public protection is one of important issues when operating nuclear facility. In case of accident occurs, the facility owner and related organizations shall make decision whether to evacuate people or not, based on the level of the accident and radiation dose rate released to the environment. In this study, as part of the decision support system for nuclear emergency response, a prototype of mobile radiation measurement system has been developed. The device consists of Geiger-Muller (GM)-based radiation measurement board, Global Positioning System (GPS) module, microcontroller board, and low power LoRa module for communication. Radiation dose rate along with its geoposition were recorded and sent to base station equipped with LoRa gateway for connecting LoRa network to TCP/IP-based network. The measurement data is then published to storage server using Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol. Power consumption, measurement of counter/timer accuracy, communication ranges testing, and radiation dose rate measurement were performed around Puspiptek area to demonstrate the functionality of the system.Keywords: Radiation monitoring, Decision Support System, Mobile, LoRa, GPS

scholarly journals Measurement of the cosmic ray proton spectrum from 40 GeV to 100 TeV with the DAMPE satellite

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. eaax3793 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Q. An ◽  
R. Asfandiyarov ◽  
P. Azzarello ◽  
P. Bernardini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Radiation ◽  
Precise Measurement ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Spectral Feature ◽  
Dark Matter Particle ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Proton Spectrum ◽  
First Time

The precise measurement of the spectrum of protons, the most abundant component of the cosmic radiation, is necessary to understand the source and acceleration of cosmic rays in the Milky Way. This work reports the measurement of the cosmic ray proton fluxes with kinetic energies from 40 GeV to 100 TeV, with 2 1/2 years of data recorded by the DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE). This is the first time that an experiment directly measures the cosmic ray protons up to ~100 TeV with high statistics. The measured spectrum confirms the spectral hardening at ~300 GeV found by previous experiments and reveals a softening at ~13.6 TeV, with the spectral index changing from ~2.60 to ~2.85. Our result suggests the existence of a new spectral feature of cosmic rays at energies lower than the so-called knee and sheds new light on the origin of Galactic cosmic rays.

Atmospheric production and transport of 7Be activity by cosmic rays: Modelling with the chemistry-climate model SOCOLv3.0 and comparison with direct measurements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kseniia Golubenko ◽  
Eugene Rozanov ◽  
Genady Kovaltsov ◽  
Ari-Pekka Leppänen ◽  
Ilya Usoskin
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmogenic Isotopes ◽  
Cosmogenic Isotope ◽  
The Past ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
First Results

<p>We present the first results of modelling of the short-living cosmogenic isotope <sup>7</sup>Be production, deposition, and transport using the chemistry-climate model SOCOLv<sub>3.0</sub> aimed to study solar-terrestrial interactions and climate changes. We implemented an interactive deposition scheme,  based on gas tracers with and without nudging to the known meteorological fields. Production of <sup>7</sup>Be was modelled using the 3D time-dependent Cosmic Ray induced Atmospheric Cascade (CRAC) model. The simulations were compared with the real concentrations (activity) and depositions measurements of <sup>7</sup>Be in the air and water at Finnish stations. We have successfully reproduced and estimated the variability of the cosmogenic isotope <sup>7</sup>Be produced by the galactic cosmic rays (GCR) on time scales longer than about a month, for the period of 2002–2008. The agreement between the modelled and measured data is very good (within 12%) providing a solid validation for the ability of the SOCOL CCM to reliably model production, transport, and deposition of cosmogenic isotopes, which is needed for precise studies of cosmic-ray variability in the past. </p>

scholarly journals Particle Acceleration by Supernova Shocks and Spallogenic Nucleosynthesis of Light Elements

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 377-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Tatischeff ◽  
Stefano Gabici
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Light Element ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Nuclear Interaction ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Light Elements ◽  
Halo Stars ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Low Metallicity ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Ray

In this review, we first reassess the supernova remnant paradigm for the origin of Galactic cosmic rays in the light of recent cosmic-ray data acquired by the Voyager 1 spacecraft. We then describe the theory of light-element nucleosynthesis by nuclear interaction of cosmic rays with the interstellar medium and outline the problem of explaining the measured beryllium abundances in old halo stars of low metallicity with the standard model of the Galactic cosmic-ray origin. We then discuss the various cosmic-ray models proposed in the literature to account for the measured evolution of the light elements in the Milky Way, and point out the difficulties that they all encounter. It seems to us that, among all possibilities, the superbubble model provides the most satisfactory explanation for these observations.

scholarly journals Terrestrial Gamma Radiation Dose Rate of West Sarawak

2017 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 00006
Author(s):  
A. Izham ◽  
A.T. Ramli ◽  
W.M. Saridan Wan Hassan ◽  
H.N. Idris ◽  
N.A. Basri
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Radiation Dose Rate ◽  
Gamma Radiation Dose

Influence of 6 MV and 20 MV X-radiation dose rate on in vitro survive of the K-562 cell line

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz GRUDA ◽  
Grażyna KOSICKA ◽  
Ewelina KONSTANTY ◽  
Dariusz KOWALCZYK
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Radiation Dose Rate
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