Does Maternal Employment Affect Parental Time Allocated to Children's Food Consumption and Physical Activity? Evidence from the Korean Time Use Survey

Abstract This paper examines the risk of time poverty defined as leisure participation among informal caregivers of adults and older people. We draw on the most recent time use survey conducted in Poland, which incorporated more than 28,000 households in 2013. We assess the extent to which caregivers are more likely to experience shortages of time spent on physical activity, hobbies, and social life. Additional information about respondents’ time preferences allows us to examine not only the objective and relative time deficits of caregivers, but also the subjective and expressed ones. We distinguish between co-resident caregivers and those living outside the household of care recipients, simultaneously accounting for the differences between male and female caregivers, as well as care provided during working days (Monday-Friday), and that provided on weekends (Saturday-Sunday). Our results indicate that caregivers for adults are in general more likely to allocate less time to physical activity, hobbies, and their social lives. This effect, however, is observed primarily among co-resident caregivers, both male and female. The leisure time of caregivers is more noticeably affected during weekends than on working days. Concurrently, caregivers are more likely to admit that they wish to spend more time on different forms of leisure activity. This confirms the hypothesis of a trade-off between time allocated to elderly care and that allocated to self-care, which can be detrimental to the health, life satisfaction, and wellbeing of informal caregivers.

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Family type and parents’ time with children: Longitudinal evidence for Denmark

Acta Sociologica ◽

10.1177/0001699319868522 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

pp. 361-380

Author(s):

Peter Fallesen ◽

Michael Gähler

Keyword(s):

Time Use ◽

Family Type ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Substantial Impact ◽

Intact Family ◽

Parental Time ◽

Individual Traits ◽

Family Types ◽

Time Use Survey ◽

Parental Family

Parental time with children is important for children’s developmental outcomes. Family type may affect the amount of time parents can and will invest in children. Using time-use panel data obtained from two waves of the Danish Time Use Survey, linked with administrative records, the study shows that parental family type had a substantial impact on the time parents spent with children. When controlling for constant unobserved individual traits, likely to affect both time-use and family type, differences in time-use increase, indicating positive selection into non-intact family types. Single parents and parents in reconstituted families spent less time on developmental activities, such as talking, reading and playing with the child, whereas parents living in reconstituted families also spent less time on non-developmental activities, such as transporting the child or performing basic childcare. Based on our findings, there are indications that cross-sectional results showing little difference in parents’ involvement in children across family types partly emanate from differential selection in family types.

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All practices are shared, but some more than others: Sharedness of social practices and time-use in food consumption

Journal of Consumer Culture ◽

10.1177/1469540520907146 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 146954052090714

Author(s):

Marie Plessz ◽

Stefan Wahlen

Keyword(s):

Food Consumption ◽

Time Use ◽

Five Dimensions ◽

Key Indicator ◽

Collective Activity ◽

Sequence Periodicity ◽

Time Use Survey ◽

The Empirical Analysis ◽

Systematic Framework ◽

Time Use Surveys

Even though we spend less and less time cooking and eating, food consumption remains a corner stone of the temporal organisation of everyday life. This paper is interested in how and to which extent food practices can be described as shared. We situate our investigation at the confluence of practice theories and the empirical analysis of time-use surveys. While qualitative research highlights the interrelations between many activities and agents necessary to consume food, quantitative data, such as time-use surveys, underscore the shared temporality of eating. We ask whether practices are shared beyond being socially recognised and mutually understandable forms of actions. Accordingly, we are interested in how some practices might be described as more shared than others, or shared in different ways? We identify three characteristics of sharedness: participation, commitment and temporal concentration. The latter is a key indicator of dispersed collective activity, inasmuch as participants engage in the practice in similar ways even without coordinating explicitly around it. We measure and compare the characteristics of sharedness by analysing the Dutch time-use survey 2011 (N = 2,005). Such an analysis offers empirical evidence for our characterisation of sharedness by mapping five food-related practices (eating a meal, snacking, cooking, shopping, and cleaning) onto five dimensions of temporality (duration, sequence, periodicity, synchronisation, and tempo). The characteristics of sharedness afford a systematic framework to analyse culture in dispersed collective activity. Our analysis also provides novel vistas to reflect upon power in shared practices by investigating their temporal concentration.

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Expensive Childcare and Short School Days = Lower Maternal Employment and More Time in Childcare? Evidence from the American Time Use Survey

Socius Sociological Research for a Dynamic World ◽

10.1177/2378023119860277 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 237802311986027 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Leah Ruppanner ◽

Stephanie Moller ◽

Liana Sayer

Keyword(s):

Time Use ◽

Maternal Employment ◽

State Level ◽

Day Length ◽

Full Time ◽

American Time Use Survey ◽

Childcare Time ◽

Time Use Survey ◽

School Day ◽

Part Time

This study investigates the relationship between maternal employment and state-to-state differences in childcare cost and mean school day length. Pairing state-level measures with an individual-level sample of prime working-age mothers from the American Time Use Survey (2005–2014; n = 37,993), we assess the multilevel and time-varying effects of childcare costs and school day length on maternal full-time and part-time employment and childcare time. We find mothers’ odds of full-time employment are lower and part-time employment higher in states with expensive childcare and shorter school days. Mothers spend more time caring for children in states where childcare is more expensive and as childcare costs increase. Our results suggest that expensive childcare and short school days are important barriers to maternal employment and, for childcare costs, result in greater investments in childcare time. Politicians engaged in national debates about federal childcare policies should look to existing state childcare structures for policy guidance.

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Linking the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) and the Compendium of Physical Activities: Methods and Rationale

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.6.3.347 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 347-353 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

Catrine Tudor-Locke ◽

Tracy L. Washington ◽

Barbara E. Ainsworth ◽

Richard P. Troiano

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Time Use ◽

Physical Activities ◽

Surveillance Systems ◽

Physical Activity Intensity ◽

American Time Use Survey ◽

Activity Intensity ◽

Metabolic Equivalents ◽

Time Use Survey ◽

Health Related

Background:The 2003 Bureau of Labor Statistics American Time Use Survey (ATUS) contains 438 distinct primary activity variables that can be analyzed with regard to how time is spent by Americans. The Compendium of Physical Activities is used to code physical activities derived from various surveys, logs, diaries, etc to facilitate comparison of coded intensity levels across studies.Methods:This article describes the methods, challenges, and rationale for linking Compendium estimates of physical activity intensity (METs, metabolic equivalents) with all activities reported in the 2003 ATUS.Results:The assigned ATUS intensity levels are not intended to compute the energy costs of physical activity in individuals. Instead, they are intended to be used to identify time spent in activities broadly classified by type and intensity. This function will complement public health surveillance systems and aid in policy and health-promotion activities. For example, at least one of the future projects of this process is the descriptive epidemiology of time spent in common physical activity intensity categories.Conclusions:The process of metabolic coding of the ATUS by linking it with the Compendium of Physical Activities can make important contributions to our understanding of American’s time spent in health-related physical activity.

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Does Daylight Savings Time Encourage Physical Activity?

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.2012-0300 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1057-1060 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Cathleen D. Zick

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Time Use ◽

Multivariate Analyses ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Physically Active ◽

American Time Use Survey ◽

Null Effect ◽

Time Use Survey ◽

Recreation Participation ◽

Open Question

Background:Extending Daylight Savings Time (DST) has been identified as a policy intervention that may encourage physical activity. However, there has been little research on the question of if DST encourages adults to be more physically active.Methods:Data from residents of Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah ages 18–64 who participated in the 2003–2009 American Time Use Survey are used to assess whether DST is associated with increased time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The analysis capitalizes on the natural experiment created because Arizona does not observe DST.Results:Both bivariate and multivariate analyses indicate that shifting 1 hour of daylight from morning to evening does not impact MVPA of Americans living in the southwest.Conclusions:While DST may affect the choices people make about the timing and location of their sports/recreational activities, the potential for DST to serve as a broad-based intervention that encourages greater sports/recreation participation is not supported by this analysis. Whether this null effect would persist in other climate situations is an open question.

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