scholarly journals Robert Bellah, religion og menneskelig evolution

2013 ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans J. Lundager Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Human Evolution ◽  
English Abstract ◽  
History Of Religion ◽  
Early States ◽  
Axial Age ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Robert Bellah ◽  
Academic Study

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction to and discussion of Robert Bellah's major book, Religion in Human Evolution (2011). which defines and describes tribal religion (religion in pre-state societies), archaic religion (religion in early states) and religious currents in the axial age, the period in the middle of 1st mill. BC, where new radical and intellectual ideas and practices, sceptial or world renouncing, appeared in China, India and Greece. Hopefully, Bellah's book will be a standard reference work in the academic study of religion and an inspiration for the history of religion in the future to engage in historical and comparative studies.DANSK RESUMÉ: Introduktion til og diskussion af Robert Bellahs hovedværk fra 2011, Religion in Human Evolution, der definerer og beskriver tribal religion, dvs. religion i før-statslige samfund, arkaisk religion, dvs. religion i tidlig-statslige kulturer samt religiøse strømninger i aksetiden, perioden i midten af 1. årt. f.Kr., hvor nye radikale og intellektuelle, skeptiske eller verdensafvisende, tankegange og livsformer formuleres i Kina, Indien og Grækenland. Bogen bør betragtes som et hovedværk i aktuel religionsforskning, og den vil forhåbentlig kunne inspirere religionshistorien til også at drive historisk-komparativ forskning.

scholarly journals Udstigere og immunsystemer, asketer og akrobater. Om Peter Sloterdijks Du musst dein Leben ändern. Über Anthropotechnik

2013 ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans J. Lundager Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
English Abstract ◽  
History Of Religion ◽  
Axial Age ◽  
History Of

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A presentation and discussion of Peter Sloterdijk’s monumental work from 2009, You Must Change Your Life. The author regards asceticism (in the etymological sense of exercise, training) both as an anthropological constant, the rea-son behind bio-cultural and cultural evolution, and as a special, conscious lifestyle, first formulated in the axial age (from around 500 BC). The analysis can (partly against the author’s own intentions) be seen as an important contribution to an evolutionary history of religion. A fuller understanding of the phenomenon of asceticism as a cultural constant needs, however, the supplement provided by Emile Durkheim’s theory of the ‘negative cult’.DANSK RESUMÉ: En gennemgang og diskussion af Peter Sloterdijks monumentale værk fra 2009, Du musst dein Leben ändern. Fænomenet askese (i betydningen øvelse, træning) ses her dels om en antropologisk konstans, årsagen til bio-kulturel og kulturel evolution, dels som en særlig bevidst livsstil, som først formuleres i aksetiden (fra ca. 500 f.Kr.). Analysen kan (delvis imod forfatterens egne intentioner) ses som et væsentligt bidrag til en evolutionær religionshistorie. Forståelsen af fænomenet askese som kulturhistorisk konstans kan imidlertid med fordel suppleres med inddragelse af Emile Durkheims analyse af ‘negativ kult’.

scholarly journals Aksetid, det aksiale, aksialisering. Om Robert Bellah & Hans Joas, eds., The Axial Ages and Its Consequences

2013 ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Klostergaard Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Human Evolution ◽  
Charles Taylor ◽  
English Abstract ◽  
Collective Work ◽  
Axial Age ◽  
Robert Bellah

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The collective work The Axial Age and Its Consequences contains contributions by Charles Taylor, Merlin Donald, Shmuel N. Eisenstad, Jan Assmann and others to important discussions before, around and after Robert Bellah's Religion and Human Evolution. The article presents and discusses the indi-vidual contributions.DANSK RESUMÉ: I samleværket The Axial Age and Its Consequences er samlet bidrag af Charles Taylor, Merlin Donald, Shmuel N. Eisenstad, Jan Assmann og flere andre til vigtige debatter forud for, parallelt med og opfølgende på Robert Bellahs Religion and Human Evolution. Artiklen præseterer og diskuterer værkets bidrag.

Varlam Shalamov. Rilke and Drozhzhin

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 134-140
Author(s):  
Marina Yu. Koreneva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Main Achievement ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
Introductory Article ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Varlam Shalamov ◽  
First Time ◽  
Academic Study

In the publication V.T. Shalamov’s notes of the early 1970s about the meeting of the famous Austrian poet R.M. Rilke with the peasant poet S.D. Drozhzhin are introduced into academic study for the first time. The meeting took place in 1900 during Rilke’s second trip to Russia. The notes preserved in Shalamov’s archives represent preliminary observations for the future essay, which remained unfinished. The introductory article traces the history of Shalamov’s acquaintance with Rilke’s work and reconstructs Rilke’s image as perceived by Shalamov in the context of his biography and work. It also reconstructs, on the basis of letters and notebooks, the stages of an unrealized plan related to the theme of “Rilke and Drozhzhin”, suggested to Shalamov by B.L. Pasternak, but read by him in the subjective optics of the poet, who considered his main achievement “understanding of nature”. This subjective optics, which distinguishes Shalamov’s text from all subsequent interpretations of this historical and literary plot, is manifested especially clearly in the correlation of the figures of Rilke and Drozhzhin with Soviet writers who were Shalamov’s contemporaries (Tvardovsky, Dzhambul, Stalsky, etc.). The new archival material makes it possible to supplement the picture of the Soviet “Rilkeana” and to expand the understanding of Shalamov’s range of interests.

Identity Turn: Managing Decolonialization and Identity Politics in the Study of Religion

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Jørn Borup
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Theoretical Orientations ◽  
History Of Religion ◽  
Western Power ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academic Study

Abstract The academic study of religion, with its concepts and theories that originate in a Western, Protestant context, has justly been criticized in postmodern and identity-focused discourses, in recent years under the umbrella of decolonization and social justice activism. It has been suggested that allegedly universally-applicable theories and methodologies are relativized and revealed as particularized Eurocentrism in the hegemonic representations of “white” or “Western” power regimes. While acknowledging such reorientations in the philosophy, sociology, psychology, and history of religion, this article also critically investigates and discusses the “critical study of religion.” It is suggested that the revisionist deconstruction emphasized by contemporary identity perspectives, with their discourses of difference and re-essentialized understandings of religion and culture, are not only problematic as theoretical orientations. Radical identity politics also imply methodological constraints on the academic study of religion, where comparison, analytical categories, and reflexive emic–etic distinctions must remain key factors.

4. Religion

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-103
Author(s):  
James A. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
History Of Religion ◽  
Natural Religion ◽  
Treatise Of Human Nature ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of

‘Religion' discusses Hume’s various treatments of religion, particularly in the essay ‘Of Miracles’, Dialogues concerning Natural Religion, and ‘The Natural History of Religion’. Hume's earlier writings show some interesting implications for religion, including A Treatise of Human Nature and the essay ‘Of National Characters’. Looking at ‘Of Miracles’ shows that Hume’s theme was not the possibility of miracles as such, but rather the rational grounds of belief in reports of miracles. Considering the Dialogues emphasizes the distinction between scepticism and atheism. Meanwhile, ‘Natural History’ emphasizes Hume’s interest in the dangerous moral consequences of monotheism. What is the future for religion? Perhaps Hume was unlikely to have supposed that his writings would do anything to reduce religion’s hold on the vast majority of human beings.

Dlaczego w koncepcji Jaspersa postać Jezusa znajduje się poza „czasem osi”?

2021 ◽  
pp. 117-134
Author(s):  
Paweł Wójs ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Spirit ◽  
The Past ◽  
Axial Age ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Spiritual History ◽  
Whole Earth

Karl Jaspers’s concept of the Axial Age (German: Achsenzeit), or the unprece- dented age of the highest rise of the human spirit, shows the kinship of people belonging to such different civilizations as Greek, Jewish, Hindu and Chinese. The Axial Age is not only the subject of research for many scholars dealing with the past, but also a possible foundation for the future realization of the peaceful unity of people of the whole Earth. The article focuses on the figure of Jesus, considered by Jaspers as one of the four paradigmatic individuals (German: die maßgebenden Menschen), i.e. people with the greatest influence in the spiritual history of humanity. Therefore, the presence or absence of Jesus in the Axial Age will bring serious consequences. The article presents Jaspers’s arguments for recognizing the period between the 8th and 2nd century BC as the Axial Age, and the possibility of expanding it.

Religionshistorie og aksetid

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans J. Lundager Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
English Summary ◽  
Hominid Evolution ◽  
Axial Age ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of Religions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Robert Bellah ◽  
Religious Evolution

English summary: The article presents and discusses two articles by Robert Bellah, “Religious evolution” from 1964 and “What is Axial about the Axial Age?” (2005). In what seems to be a general lack of interest in a history of religion (different from a history of religions) among academic scholars in the science of religion, Bellahs model, especially in its combination with recent approaches to the ‘axial age’ and to Merlin Donald’s biocultural cognitive model for hominid evolution, is recommended as a useful starting point for revitalization of an honorable branch of religious studies.  Dansk resume: Artiklen præsenterer og diskuterer to artikler af den amerikanske religionssociolog Robert Bellah, “Religious evolution” fra 1964 og “What is Axial about the Axial Age?” (2005). I forhold til en generel mangel på interesse for en religionens historie (forskellig fra religionernes historie) blandt religionsvidenskabelige forskere anbefales Bellahs model som et frugtbart udgangspunkt for en revitalisering af en hæderværdig del af religionsvidenskaben, særlig når den kombineres med aktuelle diskussioner af ‘aksetiden’ og Merlin Donalds biokulturelle, kognitive model for hominid evolution.

‘Religion,’ ‘the Secular’ and the Critical Study of Religion

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Engler
Keyword(s):  
Religious Studies ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
History Of Religion ◽  
Critical History ◽  
Il Y A ◽  
History Of ◽  
A Current ◽  
Academic Study

This essay critically engages Timothy Fitzgerald’s Discourse on Civility and Barbarity (2007), arguing that it takes an important step beyond Fitzgerald’s first book, The Ideology of Religious Studies ( 2000 ), in diagnosing a current malaise of the academic study of religion and in modelling a way past this malaise. Highlighting this valuable aspect of the book, I argue, requires correcting certain problems with its argument. Specifically, there is a tension between two overarching goals: writing “a critical history of ‘religion’ as a category,” and criticizing “modern discourses on generic religion.” Once these genealogical and critical projects are brought into more effective alignment, the book models an approach where a properly critical study of religion begins with a contingently and strategically theorized domain of ‘religion’ and explores its relation to other domains—not only ‘the secular.’ Cet essai reconsidère d’un œil critique le livre Discourse on Civility and Barbarity (2007), de Timothy Fitzgerald. Il soutien qu’il donne un pas important au-delà du premier livre de Fitzgerald, The Ideology of Religious Studies ( 2000 ), dans les faits de diagnostiquer une malaise actuelle de l’étude des religions et de modeler une piste alternative. Pourtant, pour accentuer cet aspect important du livre, on doit corriger des problèmes logiques avec son argument. Spécialement, il y a une tension problématique entre les deux buts du livre : l’écriture « d’une histoire critique de ‘religion’ comme une catégorie »; et la critique « des discours modernes sur la religion générique ». Dès que ces projets généalogiques et critiques sont apportés dans une meilleure alignement, le livre modèle une approche de grande valeur : c’est le travail d’une étude proprement critique du concept ‘de religion’ de le suivre où il mène, et d’analyser ses relations avec des autres concepts.

scholarly journals Resilience in Covid-19 Times - Is There a Plan B for the Future? A State of Art

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Augusto Renato Pérez Mayo ◽  
Roque Nieto Nohemí
Keyword(s):  
Human Evolution ◽  
Emotional Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Health It ◽  
Meaningful Change ◽  
The Future ◽  
Plan B ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Of Art

There are three concepts represented that prove the possibilities of finding a plan B for humankind towards a pandemic such as Covid-19. Our papers focus in the study for the prove of the organizational ambit in Mexico, where it hasn’t been valued as a way of well-being to fortify people for a pandemic like Covid-19 in the organizations, that is to say, about which should be the Plan B for humankind, schools, universities, media, governments, and other domains. There is literature presented that provides arguments of an emergent and meaningful change in the paradigm of human evolution and other organization during future pandemics. To describe this change of strategy, we revisit Florentino, Ríos, Carrillo and Sacubo, Molina, Castello, Mikulic and Fernández, Palomar, Matus, Victorio among others. In any context where people are developed, they must confront situations that can affect significantly their life dynamics and lose forever the perception of a reality built over years of life, exposing them to risks on their physical, mental and emotional health. It is argued that the reason why organizations are not listening more, about the emergent sociocultural, economic, political, and even philosophical change that Covid-19 has caused. The general idea of a change on an emergent paradigm and the next step on the history of humankind is being hatched.

scholarly journals Formindskede bøger i jødisk religion

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Marianne Schleicher
Keyword(s):  
Functional Approach ◽  
History Of The Book ◽  
English Abstract ◽  
History Of Religion ◽  
Religious Books ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
History Of ◽  
Prayer Books ◽  
Jewish Religion

English abstract: The size of religious books matters to how religion and religiosity has been mediated up through history, not only the history of religion, but also the history of the book. The purpose of this article is to offer a functional approach to how size, especially small size, comes to matter in religious medialization. To be able to treat miniaturized books as a religious phenomenon, the article offers a comparative, brief trajectory of developments in book formats and writing/typing techniques that detects a development towards smallness. From here, it proceeds to analyzing and reflecting on miniaturized religious books in Judaism. It goes into details with the functional aspects in the use of community rules, prayer books, Book of Psalms, haggadot shel pesach, Purim-scrolls, Hebrew Bibles and Torot. The article conjoins the author’s own distinction between the hermeneutical and artifactual use of scripture with theoretical­ reflections by Claude Lévi-Strauss, Jonathan Z. Smith, Danièle Dehouve, Steven J. Gores, and Ian Reader. This platform has explanatory potential with regard to explaining how the small size of religious books in Jewish religion has come to matter to the medialization of religion and religiosity. Dansk resume: Religiøse bøgers størrelse har betydning for, hvordan jødisk religion og jøders religiøsitet er blevet medieret op gennem historien – ikke kun religionshistorien, men også boghistorien. Artiklens formål er at tilbyde en funktionel forklaring af, hvilken betydning størrelsen, især liden størrelse, har for denne mediering. For at sikre at formindskede bøger behandles som et religiøst fænomen, tager artiklen afsæt i en komparativ, kort redegørelse for udvikling i bogformater og skrive-/printteknikker for at analysere og reflektere over formindskede, religiøse bøger i jødedommen. Særligt gennemgås funktionelle aspekter ved brugen af menighedsregler, bønnebøger, udgaver af Salmernes Bog, påske-aggadot, Purim-ruller, hebræiske bibler og Torahruller. Teoretisk sammenstilles forfatterens egen skelnen mellem hermeneutisk og artefaktisk helligtekstbrug med overvejelser hos Claude Lévi-Strauss, Jonathan Z. Smith, Danièle Dehouve, Steven J. Gores og Ian Reader. Den sammenstilling muliggør en forklaring af måden, hvorpå religiøse bøgers størrelse er af betydning for mediering af religion og religiøsitet.

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