scholarly journals Etisk afgørende øjeblikke – en pragmatisk-dualistisk forskningsetik

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Martin Blok Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Research Ethics ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Ethical Practice ◽  
Theoretical Construction ◽  
Good Research

This article analyses and discusses research-ethical dilemmas, ambivalences and problematic issues. This is done firstly by making a distinction between procedural research ethics and particularistic research ethics. Such a distinction refl ects a theoretical construction and generalization – in practice there can be a very close correlation between the two types. Hereafter, the distinction will therefore be used as a jumping-off point for the presentation of a pragmatic-dualist research ethics. Th e approach is dualist because it draws on the presence of two independent, contrasting understandings, which are essentially diff erent yet equal aspects of good research ethics; and it is pragmatic because this dualism is first and foremost structural and institutional by nature, and designed with an eye to what can realistically and expediently be done in practice. Thus the intention of the article is to both analyze and discuss two different understandings of research ethics and simultaneouslyqualify a research ethics that draws on both these understandings. At the same time, the intention is to try to visualize a diff erent understanding of research ethics which others can address and elaborate on or qualify but even at this point can be included in an arsenal or catalogue of research-ethical understandings and approaches that can be exploited in research-ethical practice.

Ethics and migrant psychiatry

2021 ◽  
pp. 423-430
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Deakin ◽  
Antonio Ventriglio ◽  
Dinesh Bhugra
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Ethical Practice ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Ethical Frameworks ◽  
Ethical Decisions ◽  
Practice Of Medicine ◽  
Concepts Of Health ◽  
Critical Components ◽  
Professional Judgement

Ethical practice of medicine in general and psychiatry in particular form an integral part of medical professionalism in order to ensure that patients not only get the best treatments for their needs but also that these are delivered in an ethical framework. For centuries, doctors and psychiatrists have continued to rely on the four principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice as critical components of decision-making in treating their patients. As the concepts of health have changed the basic principles remain the same. This “four principles” approach has much to offer medical professionals when they are faced with ethical dilemmas in clinical and non-clinical practice. In this chapter, we outline the basis of these principles and consider the key strengths while using this theory. For psychiatrists there is a major imperative as their actions can deprive patients of their liberty. The “four principles” should be considered when making ethical decisions, and in conjunction with professional judgement and wider ethical frameworks.

Response

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-28
Author(s):  
David Wyatt Seal ◽  
Frederick R. Bloom ◽  
Anton M. Somlai
Keyword(s):  
Research Ethics ◽  
Applied Field ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Institutional Review Board ◽  
Board Governance ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Multiple Strategies ◽  
Institutional Review

Lew Margolis’s commentary on our discussion of field dilemmas delineates the basic tenets of research ethics and presents the historical backdrop for Institutional Review Board governance of the conduct of scientific research. Margolis’s commentary also highlights two important points: (1) within broad boundaries, multiple strategies may exist for resolving ethical dilemmas, and (2) field judgments about the best strategy for resolving ethical dilemmas may sometimes appear less than optimal with hindsight. These emphases reinforce the critical need for continued dialogue about the practical application of research ethics in applied field settings. We further emphasize the importance of conducting this dialogue not only in community forums but in academic arenas. The professional expertise of field researchers often is derived from direct experience with or membership in the communities being studied. For academic discussion of research ethics to have real-life utility, it is essential that conceptual discussion be translated into discussion of these issues as they apply to real-life situations demanding real-life solutions. We invite others to continue this dialogue about the practical application of research ethics to dilemmas that have been encountered during the conduct of applied field research.

scholarly journals Ethical reflections on children’s participation in educational research during humanitarian crises

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Fabiana Maglio ◽  
Tejendra Pherali
Keyword(s):  
Research Ethics ◽  
Educational Research ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Minimum Standards ◽  
Humanitarian Crises ◽  
Children’S Participation ◽  
Children's Participation ◽  
Ethical Reflections ◽  
Ethical Responsibilities

This paper aims to reflect upon ethical dilemmas arising from educational research in humanitarian contexts, particularly when involving children. In recognition of the paucity of knowledge on how to define ethics in humanitarian research, we review the existing body of literature that explores ethical responsibilities towards children involved in educational research at school and their communities. The paper argues that research ethics should be at the forefront of every study that is conducted in crisis contexts and more rigorous review and vetting processes are necessary to protect children, researchers and wider communities who live in crisis settings. We hope to promote an informed debate on research ethics in humanitarian contexts, while encouraging the development of rigorous guidelines, notes and minimum standards.

scholarly journals Participant voice first: the Busara research agenda on ethical research in the Global South

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOEL MUMO ◽  
Busara Lab Busara Lab ◽  
Tom Wein ◽  
Nicholas Calbraith Owsley
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Research Ethics ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Ethical Practice ◽  
Quality Research ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
The World ◽  
Closing The Loop ◽  
Protection Of Participants

The use of experiments in social science has brought huge gains in our knowledge of the world. However, in recent debates, sharp critiques of the power imbalances of the discipline have been made. There have been some responses on how we can improve our approach to be more ethical. These responses have often conceived of research ethics rather narrowly, and not included wider responsibilities beyond the protection of participants. Often missing from both sides has been empirical study of the preferences of those research participants, and the societies they belong to. As part of our commitment to racial, gender and wider social justice, commitment to advancing the voices of research participants, and under the banner of our values of respect and purpose, Busara proposes to organise and formalise its agenda on research ethics. We will combine past learnings with new studies over the next three years, to deeply understand the experiences of research participants, and find better ways of closing the loop in communication with those participants. From there, we will co-create, test and disseminate changes to research processes and practices that improve participant welfare and uphold ever-higher standards of ethical practice. We believe that this is both more just, and likely to produce better quality research.

scholarly journals Exploring the Research Ethics Doman for Postgraduate Students in Computing

10.28945/2762 ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kay Fielden
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Research Ethics ◽  
Social System ◽  
Professional Ethics ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Technical Skills ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Professional Codes ◽  
Broad Overview

In this paper Nicholson’s (1994) four-fold conceptual framework has been applied to ethical issues in research by postgraduate students undertaking theses or dissertations in computing. Ethical dilemmas are explored showing how knowledge in this area is acquired, shared and integrated from one research project to the next and within any one postgraduate cohort. Ethics of performing research within computing rather than professional codes are discussed. A major challenge in raising the level of awareness of professional ethics is in encouraging students to make the upwards shift from not only learning and applying technical skills but also integrating these skills with knowledge of the larger social system in which technology sits. A broad overview of how research ethics is practiced by postgraduate students undertaking thesis or dissertation is also discussed.

Qualitative research ethics on the spot

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Øye ◽  
Nelli Øvre Sørensen ◽  
Stinne Glasdam
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Research Ethics ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Institutional Review Boards ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Review Boards

Background: The increase in medical ethical regulations and bureaucracy handled by institutional review boards and healthcare institutions puts the researchers using qualitative methods in a challenging position. Method: Based on three different cases from three different research studies, the article explores and discusses research ethical dilemmas. Objectives and ethical considerations: First, and especially, the article addresses the challenges for gatekeepers who influence the informant’s decisions to participate in research. Second, the article addresses the challenges in following research ethical guidelines related to informed consent and doing no harm. Third, the article argues for the importance of having research ethical guidelines and review boards to question and discuss the possible ethical dilemmas that occur in qualitative research. Discussion and conclusion: Research ethics must be understood in qualitative research as relational, situational, and emerging. That is, that focus on ethical issues and dilemmas has to be paid attention on the spot and not only at the desktop.

scholarly journals Clinical translational students' perceptions of research ethics coursework: a case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda S. Behar-Horenstein ◽  
Huibin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Research Ethics ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Scientific Misconduct ◽  
Responsible Conduct Of Research ◽  
Ethical Practices ◽  
Course Content ◽  
Course Syllabi ◽  
Portfolio Development ◽  
Semistructured Interviews

Relatively unknown is whether coursework in responsible conduct of research actually achieve the purposes for which it is designed. In this study, the authors report clinical translational students’ perceptions of their research ethics coursework and the alignment between course content as recommended in the literature. We used grounded theory to portray emergent findings across focus groups and semistructured interviews among 31 participants at one clinical translational science hub. We also used thematic analysis to analyze course syllabi. Two themes emerged: Averting scientific misconduct and Responding to ethical dilemmas. Students reported that they did not acquire requisite strategies to address research ethical dilemmas. One of the course syllabi indicated the provision of active learning opportunities. However, the findings did not offer support. Developing experiential learning activities and ensuring that course content is aligned with the contemporary ethical practices, such as case study and portfolio development, is recommended.

Personalising the dilemma: research ethics in fiction

2021 ◽  
pp. 174701612110664
Author(s):  
Sally Dalton-Brown
Keyword(s):  
Research Ethics ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Learning Experiences ◽  
Research Integrity ◽  
Animal Experimentation ◽  
Research Fraud ◽  
Researcher Bias

Learning about research ethics and research integrity is greatly facilitated by case studies, which illuminate, ground and personalise abstract questions. This paper argues that fiction can provide similar learning experiences, incarnating ethical dilemmas through a medium that is highly accessible yet sophisticated in its depictions of how researchers behave. Examples of fictional illustrations are given to illustrate various themes such as animal experimentation, exploitation of the vulnerable, researcher bias and research fraud.

Research Ethics for Twenty-First Century LIS Professionals

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Khaiser Jahan Begum ◽  
Chikku Balachandran
Keyword(s):  
Research Ethics ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Research Performance ◽  
Publishing Research ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Research Standards ◽  
Interest In Research ◽  
Good Research

Research in several disciplines is gaining importance in the 21st century. In India, agencies like University Grant Commission (UGC) assessing the performance of the faculty based on the Academic Performance Index (API). Irrespective of the aptitude, ability and interest in research, aspiring researchers are pushing themselves to publish research papers and also are aiming to do Ph.D. Therefore there is sudden proliferation in number of journal publications and Ph.Ds. But the most important part of maintaining international standards in publishing research papers and doing Ph.D. is not taken seriously. In fact, researchers are failing to maintain good research standards and ethics in research. This has resulted in misconduct both at individual level and at the organisational level. There are guidelines available for doing good research. If these guidelines are followed systematically along with general ethical principles, the research performance will be good and will result in avoiding data falsification, fabrication and redundant publications. Keeping these points in mind the authors have elaborately discussed research ethics for 21st century in general and LIS professional in particular.

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