Silencing of miR-138-5p sensitizes bone anabolic action to mechanical stimuli

The mantle of bivalves has come entirely to enclose the laterally compressed body and the mantle margin has assumed a variety of functions, one of the pricipal ones being sensory. Ciliary tufts, which are probably sensory, have been reported from the mantle and siphons of several bivalves1∽4. Certain regions of the mantle margin are likely to be more or less, sensitive to certain stimuli than others. The inhalant siphon is likely to be particularly sensitive to both chemical and mechanical stimuli, whereas the exhalant siphon will be less sensitive to both. The distribution and density of putative sensory receptors on the in-and ex-halant siphon is compared in this paper.The excised siphons were fixed in glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide, the whole procedure of SEM study is recorded in Wu's thesis.Type II cilia cover the tips of tentacles, 6.13um. Type IV and type V cilia are found on the surface of tentacles. Type IV cilia are occasionally present at the tips of tentacles, 8 um long. They are the commonest type on the surface of tentacles. Type VI cilia occor in the internal surface of the inhalant siphon, but are not found on the surface of tentacles, 6.7-10um long.

The molecular mechanism of mechanotransduction in vascular homeostasis and disease

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs20190488 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 134 (17) ◽

pp. 2399-2418

Author(s):

Yoshito Yamashiro ◽

Hiromi Yanagisawa

Keyword(s):

Shear Stress ◽

Blood Vessels ◽

Vessel Wall ◽

Vascular Diseases ◽

Cell Interactions ◽

Aortic Aneurysms ◽

Cyclic Stretch ◽

Mechanical Stimuli ◽

Vascular Homeostasis ◽

Matrix Cell

Abstract Blood vessels are constantly exposed to mechanical stimuli such as shear stress due to flow and pulsatile stretch. The extracellular matrix maintains the structural integrity of the vessel wall and coordinates with a dynamic mechanical environment to provide cues to initiate intracellular signaling pathway(s), thereby changing cellular behaviors and functions. However, the precise role of matrix–cell interactions involved in mechanotransduction during vascular homeostasis and disease development remains to be fully determined. In this review, we introduce hemodynamics forces in blood vessels and the initial sensors of mechanical stimuli, including cell–cell junctional molecules, G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), multiple ion channels, and a variety of small GTPases. We then highlight the molecular mechanotransduction events in the vessel wall triggered by laminar shear stress (LSS) and disturbed shear stress (DSS) on vascular endothelial cells (ECs), and cyclic stretch in ECs and vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs)—both of which activate several key transcription factors. Finally, we provide a recent overview of matrix–cell interactions and mechanotransduction centered on fibronectin in ECs and thrombospondin-1 in SMCs. The results of this review suggest that abnormal mechanical cues or altered responses to mechanical stimuli in EC and SMCs serve as the molecular basis of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension and aortic aneurysms. Collecting evidence and advancing knowledge on the mechanotransduction in the vessel wall can lead to a new direction of therapeutic interventions for vascular diseases.

Testing the kinaesthetic and motor control systems with computer-controlled mechanical stimuli

Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology ◽

10.1016/s0013-4694(97)88111-8 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 103 (1) ◽

pp. 46

Author(s):

P Viviani

Keyword(s):

Motor Control ◽

Control Systems ◽

Mechanical Stimuli ◽

Computer Controlled ◽

Motor Control Systems

Systemic bacterial lipopolysaccharide elicits acute sensitisation of intestinal afferent nerves to chemical and mechanical stimuli in the rat

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(01)80350-4 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 120 (5) ◽

pp. A71-A71

Author(s):

C BOOTH ◽

A KIRKUP ◽

G HICKS ◽

P HUMPHREY ◽

D GRUNDY

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide ◽

Mechanical Stimuli ◽

Afferent Nerves

In vivo patch-clamp analysis of the actions of 5-HT on excitatory synaptic transmission evoked in rat substantia gelatinosa neurons by cutaneous mechanical stimuli

Neuroscience Research ◽

10.1016/s0168-0102(00)81385-1 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 38 ◽

pp. S90

Author(s):

H Furue

Keyword(s):

Patch Clamp ◽

Synaptic Transmission ◽

Excitatory Synaptic Transmission ◽

Substantia Gelatinosa ◽

Mechanical Stimuli

CATABOLIC EFFECT OF DIHYDROTACHYSTEROL AND ANABOLIC ACTION OF 17-ETHYL-19-NORTESTOSTERONE ON THE UPTAKE OF RADIOSULPHUR IN A HEALING FRACTURED BONE OF THE RAT

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0280119 ◽

1958 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 119-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

K. Kowalewski

Keyword(s):

Anabolic Action

Faculty Opinions recommendation of Distinct subsets of unmyelinated primary sensory fibers mediate behavioral responses to noxious thermal and mechanical stimuli.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1162099.6749057 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Howard Gutstein ◽

Katherine Barker

Keyword(s):

Behavioral Responses ◽

Mechanical Stimuli ◽

Sensory Fibers

Faculty Opinions recommendation of Distinct subsets of unmyelinated primary sensory fibers mediate behavioral responses to noxious thermal and mechanical stimuli.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1162099.622564 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Michael Gold

Keyword(s):

Behavioral Responses ◽

Mechanical Stimuli ◽

Sensory Fibers

The Underestimated Role of Mechanical Stimuli in Brain Diseases and the Relate d In Vitro Models

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612822666161027113200 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (15) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Tingwang Guo ◽

Peng Ren ◽

Shilei Hao ◽

Bochu Wang

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Models ◽

Brain Diseases ◽

Mechanical Stimuli

Quantitative Evaluation of Osteocyte Morphology and Bone Anisotropic Extracellular Matrix in Rat Femur

Calcified Tissue International ◽

10.1007/s00223-021-00852-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Takuya Ishimoto ◽

Keita Kawahara ◽

Aira Matsugaki ◽

Hiroshi Kamioka ◽

Takayoshi Nakano

Keyword(s):

Extracellular Matrix ◽

Longitudinal Axis ◽

Rat Femur ◽

Male Rat ◽

Mechanical Stimuli ◽

Axis Orientation ◽

Principal Stress Direction ◽

Mechanical Integrity ◽

Osteocyte Lacunae ◽

The Relationship

AbstractOsteocytes are believed to play a crucial role in mechanosensation and mechanotransduction which are important for maintenance of mechanical integrity of bone. Recent investigations have revealed that the preferential orientation of bone extracellular matrix (ECM) mainly composed of collagen fibers and apatite crystallites is one of the important determinants of bone mechanical integrity. However, the relationship between osteocytes and ECM orientation remains unclear. In this study, the association between ECM orientation and anisotropy in the osteocyte lacuno-canalicular system, which is thought to be optimized along with the mechanical stimuli, was investigated using male rat femur. The degree of ECM orientation along the femur longitudinal axis was significantly and positively correlated with the anisotropic features of the osteocyte lacunae and canaliculi. At the femur middiaphysis, there are the osteocytes with lacunae that highly aligned along the bone long axis (principal stress direction) and canaliculi that preferentially extended perpendicular to the bone long axis, and the highest degree of apatite c-axis orientation along the bone long axis was shown. Based on these data, we propose a model in which osteocytes can change their lacuno-canalicular architecture depending on the mechanical environment so that they can become more susceptible to mechanical stimuli via fluid flow in the canalicular channel.