scholarly journals Pricing Strategies – Comparative Analysis of Non-Exporting Enterprises and of Intense Exporters Based on the Example of Polish SMEs

2021 ◽  
Vol 1/2021 (34) ◽  
pp. 5-17
Author(s):  
Adam Oleksiuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Pricing Strategy ◽  
Total Count ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Pricing Strategies ◽  
Pricing Policy ◽  
Total Sales

The research aim of the paper is to verify the differences with regard to the pricing strategies being implemented among non-exporting enterprises and intense exporters based on the example of Polish SMEs. The study presented was conducted between May – June 2019 on a representative sample of Polish SMEs created after 2004: non-exporters and exp orters with a min. 25% share of exports in the total sales. The research method applied is computer assisted web interviewing (CAWI) and computer assisted telephone interviewing (CATI). The total count of the sample is 240 businesses, randomly selected from a database which contains 2969 Polish companies. The study emphasizes that between exporting companies and non-exporting companies, there are differences in the pricing strategy application. Exporting enterprises more frequently have a differentiated pricing policy. No significant connection between the pricing strategy and the quality strategy was observed, both among non-exporting enterprises and intense exporters.

scholarly journals Selected Clauses of a Copyright Contract in Polish and English in Translation by Google Translate: A Tentative Assessment of Quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 689-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Trzaskawka
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Parallel Texts

Abstract The aim of this paper is to carry out a comparative analysis of clauses in Polish and English copyright agreements in respect of their translation by a computer assisted tool—Google Translate, and to assess the quality of such translation. The comparison of parallel texts as a research method has been applied. The research corpora include authentic Polish and English Copyright Agreements. The analysed clauses have been excerpted from the above mentioned Copyright Agreements. The author chose the most standard clauses as well as clauses typical for copyright contracts. As a result of the analysis, translations provided by Google Translate are better in terms of typical clauses but of worse quality in terms of specialised copyright clauses.

The effect on pricing strategies in the process of strategic decision making in view of cost of produced goods

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1705-1727
Author(s):  
Syed Mohammad Faisal ◽  
Ahmad Khalid Khan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Pricing Strategy ◽  
Pricing Strategies ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Pricing Policy ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Pricing Decision ◽  
The Cost

This research examined the effect of the cost of produced goods on pricing strategies in the process of strategic decision. Also examined in this research is the extended effect of pricing strategies on consumers purchase decision making. The research aimed to answer questions on the extent to which cost of produced goods affects pricing strategies of products, how decision makers realize the value-based pricing strategy of corporations and the extent to which pricing policy help consumers to make purchase decisions. This research being historical and descriptive depended basically on secondary sources of information. The research used a historical and descriptive method and depended basically and simply on secondary devices as sources of data. Results from the data acquired reference that customers have an understanding of fair value reflected in prices of the firm's products. The researcher will use both analytical and descriptive methods which appropriate the context of the current research which is generally based on the theoretical underpinnings and fieldwork. The outcomes indicate that the cost of produced products used in organizations provides quality information; there is an effect of this information on the pricing decision-making; there are parts in which pricing strategy much relied on the information provided by the cost systems.

scholarly journals The Analysis of Blocking Behavior and Pricing: The Case of Airbnb

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Yifeng Peng
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Pricing Strategy ◽  
Pricing Strategies ◽  
Product Pricing ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Future ◽  
Resources Sharing

Over the years, as people's lives have improved, our need for transportation and accommodation has increased, driving the rapid growth of the sharing economy. Some well-known network sharing platforms, such as Uber, Drip and Airbnb, provide a large number of convenient options for users with transactional needs, make more use of idle tourism, accommodation and other resources. Sharing economy platforms continue to improve the content and format of their products, but at the same time, the future of sharing platforms and the difficulty of competition is a concern as more platform companies become involved and prices become more transparent. Under this circumstance, optimizing product pricing has become an urgent need for many sharing economy platforms. In this paper, we take Airbnb as the starting point and conduct an empirical analysis of the blocking behavior of homeowners based on proprietary data to explore the factors that affect their product supply. We find that price, number of beds, and listing type all have a significant impact on blocking houses. After that, we conducted further research on price factors and developed a model aiming at profit maximization to obtain the best pricing range for the region and provide suggestions for pricing strategies. Keywords: Sharing Economy, Blocking behavior, Pricing Strategy, Airbnb

scholarly journals Jakościowa analiza porównawcza (QCA) jako nowa metoda badawcza w nauce o polityce: zarys zagadnienia

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-124
Author(s):  
Przemysław Potocki ◽  
Izabela Lassota
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions

The article presents main theoretical assumptions and empirical implementations of Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA). The main phases of this research method, as the alternative to the quantitative approach which is applied in political science are described. Strengths and weaknesses of this method are described from the perspective of epistemological value obtained by the user of QCA method. Some Polish and foreign examples of QCA implementation are also indicated.

scholarly journals Model of the Process of Conducting Computer Attacks Using Special Information Influences

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Sergey Kondakov ◽  
◽  
Ilya Rud ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Complex Systems ◽  
Research Method ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Level Of Abstraction ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Computer Attacks ◽  
Special Information

Purpose of work: development of a model of the process of conducting a computer attack. Research method: theory of complex systems, comparative analysis within the framework of system analysis and synthesis. Result: it is shown that the application of the proposed model of the process of conducting computer attacks allows you to fully describe the process, taking into account its inherent features and characteristics. The use in the model of information from the MITRE ATTACK database of Mitre, which contains a description of the tactics, techniques and methods used by cybercriminals, allows you to reduce the level of abstraction and describe specific scenarios for conducting complex targeted computer attacks with the maximum approximation to practice. The developed model is supposed to be used to form scenarios of computer attacks when assessing the security of information systems.

scholarly journals Dynamic Pricing Policy Using Preservation Technology with Stock and Price Sensitive Demand

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-274
Author(s):  
Uttam Kumar Khedlekar ◽  
Priyanka Singh ◽  
Neelesh Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Pricing ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Pricing Strategy ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Pricing Policy ◽  
Preservation Technology ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Stock Policy ◽  
Dependent Demand

This paper aims to develop a dynamic pricing policy for deteriorating items with price and stock dependent demand. In declining market demand of items decreases with respect to time and also after a duration items get outdated. In this situation it needs a pricing policy to sale the items before end season. The proposed dynamic pricing policy is applicable for a limited period to clease the stock. Policy decision regarding the selling price could aggressively attracts the costumers. Objectives are to maximize the prot/revenue, pricing strategy and economic order level for such a stock dependent and price sensitive items. We are giving numerical example and simulation to illustrate the proposed model.

scholarly journals Studi Komparatif Kelayakan Usaha Pembuatan Dendeng Itik dengan Kerupuk Itik Di Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Utara (Studi Kasus: Usaha Pembuatan Dendeng Itik "Dhandy" dengan Kerupuk Itik "Mama Irfan" di Kecamatan Amuntai Tengah

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 224-238
Author(s):  
Susanti Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Financial Feasibility ◽  
Management Aspect ◽  
Financial Aspect

       The purpose of this study is (i) identifying the non-financial feasibility of duck and duck cracker making business in terms of market, technical aspects and management aspects (ii) analyzing and (iii) comparing the financial feasibility of making duck and duck crackers in Central Amuntai District. The research was carried out on the "Dhandy" duck jerky in Antasari Village and "Mama Irfan" duck crackers in Kota Raden Hulu Village, Amuntai Tengah District, Hulu Sungai Utara Regency in May - August 2013. The research method used was case studies and data collection with interviews. Qualitative analysis of market, technical and management aspects is processed descriptively. Quantitative analysis uses investment criteria, namely analysis of present net value / NPV, return on investment / IRR, Net B / C ratio and return period of investment, the results of the two analyzes are followed by comparative analysis. The results of the non-financial aspects showed that the "Dhandy" jerky duck and "Mama Irfan" duck crackers viewed from the market or technical aspects were worth the effort. However, viewed from the management aspect, the two businesses are not feasible because they are still in the scale of small businesses, family efforts and implementation are still traditional. The financial aspect of the "Dhandy" duck jerky business is worth showing the NPV value of Rp.5,950,594, - the IRR of 12.92%, net B / C of 1.22 and the pay back period of 4,5024 years. Whereas the "Mama Irfan" duck cracker business is also worthy of the NPV value of Rp. 31,874,247, -, the IRR is 51.93%, net B / C is 2.71 and the pay back period is 2.4716 years. Comparative analysis shows that the "Mama Irfan" duck cracker making business is more feasible compared to the "Dhandy" duck jerky making business. The purpose of this study is (i) identifying the non-financial feasibility of duck and duck cracker making business in terms of market, technical aspects and management aspects (ii) analyzing and (iii) comparing the financial feasibility of making duck and duck crackers in Central Amuntai District. The research was carried out on the "Dhandy" duck jerky in Antasari Village and "Mama Irfan" duck crackers in Kota Raden Hulu Village, Amuntai Tengah District, Hulu Sungai Utara Regency in May - August 2013. The research method used was case studies and data collection with interviews. Qualitative analysis of market, technical and management aspects is processed descriptively. Quantitative analysis uses investment criteria, namely analysis of present net value / NPV, return on investment / IRR, Net B / C ratio and return period of investment, the results of the two analyzes are followed by comparative analysis. The results of the non-financial aspects showed that the "Dhandy" jerky duck and "Mama Irfan" duck crackers viewed from the market or technical aspects were worth the effort. However, viewed from the management aspect, the two businesses are not feasible because they are still in the scale of small businesses, family efforts and implementation are still traditional. The financial aspect of the "Dhandy" duck jerky business is worth showing the NPV value of Rp.5,950,594, - the IRR of 12.92%, net B / C of 1.22 and the pay back period of 4,5024 years. Whereas the "Mama Irfan" duck cracker business is also worthy of the NPV value of Rp. 31,874,247, -, the IRR is 51.93%, net B / C is 2.71 and the pay back period is 2.4716 years. Comparative analysis shows that the "Mama Irfan" duck cracker making business is more feasible compared to the "Dhandy" duck jerky making business.

Heterosexual experience and recent heterosexual encounters among Australian adults: the Second Australian Study of Health and Relationships

Sexual Health ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Rissel ◽  
Paul B. Badcock ◽  
Anthony M. A. Smith ◽  
Juliet Richters ◽  
Richard O. de Visser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Representative Sample ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Anal Intercourse ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Oral Sex ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Multiple Partners ◽  
Lifetime Experience ◽  
Lifetime Number

Background Current information about numbers of other-sex partners, experiences of different heterosexual behaviours and the recent heterosexual experiences among a representative sample of Australian adults is needed. It is not known whether these practices have changed between 2001–02 and 2012–13. Methods: Computer-assisted telephone interviews were completed by a representative sample of 9963 men and 10 131 women aged 16–69 years from all states and territories. The overall participation rate among eligible people was 66.2%. Results: Men reported more sexual partners than women, although the lifetime number of heterosexual partners reported by women increased significantly between 2001–02 and 2012–13. In 2012–13, 14.7% of men and 8.6% of women reported two or more sexual partners in the last year. Reporting multiple partners was significantly associated with being younger, being bisexual, living in major cities, having a lower income, having a blue-collar occupation and not being married. The proportion of respondents reporting ever having had oral sex or anal intercourse increased significantly since the last survey. At the last heterosexual encounter, 91.9% of men and 66.2% of women had an orgasm, oral sex was reported in only approximately one in four encounters and anal intercourse was uncommon. Conclusion: There were increases between 2001–02 and 2012–13 in partner numbers among women and in the lifetime experience of oral and anal sex. The patterns of heterosexual experience in Australia are similar to those found in studies of representative samples in other countries.

OPTIMAL PRICING AND PRODUCTION POLICIES OF A MAKE-TO-STOCK SYSTEM WITH FLUCTUATING DEMAND

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Philippe Gayon ◽  
Işılay Talay-Değirmenci ◽  
Fikri Karaesmen ◽  
E. Lerzan Örmeci
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Pricing ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Optimal Pricing ◽  
Pricing Strategies ◽  
Pricing Policy ◽  
Stock Level ◽  
Production Inventory ◽  
Static Pricing ◽  
Make To Stock ◽  
Production Inventory System

We study the effects of different pricing strategies available to a production–inventory system with capacitated supply, which operates in a fluctuating demand environment. The demand depends on the environment and on the offered price. For such systems, three plausible pricing strategies are investigated: static pricing, for which only one price is used at all times, environment-dependent pricing, for which price changes with the environment, and dynamic pricing, for which price depends on both the current environment and the stock level. The objective is to find an optimal replenishment and pricing policy under each of these strategies. This article presents some structural properties of optimal replenishment policies and a numerical study that compares the performances of these three pricing strategies.

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