Increase of Student’s Educational and Recognitive Self-activity in Kyrgyz National Sports Wrestling Kuresh

Research relevance: article deals with the problem of increasing the effectiveness of educational and cognitive independence of those who go in for the Kyrgyz national wrestling kuresh. Research objectives: setting educational, upbringing and health-improving tasks that contributes to the increase of educational and cognitive independence (OPS) of those who go in for kuresh wrestling. Research materials and methods: the work describes teaching method, the originality of the theoretical and practical approach to the transfer of special information through the implementation of: observation, discussion and partial search. Research results: the type of occupation of young kuresh wrestlers predetermines the ratio of ways and techniques, their mutual significance, use of unusual approaches in the upbringing of those who go in for kuresh wrestling. Conclusions: in kuresh wrestling, the system of questions should correspond to the traditionally established stages of the studied aspects of educational and cognitive material and technical and tactical action.

Strategic Planning Needs the Right Information

There is a need to undertake a considerable research and analysis project to search out and gather the requisite information required for business development. A prerequisite is the need to better understand what is meant by the terms data and information, as they are often used interchangeably. What kind of information is required for business development, and where and how it can be found? There is the ‘hard' transaction data from software applications that help manage operations. This data is provided by the information system and can give strategic performance information. A review of the staff competencies can indicate the potential for business advantage. It is helpful to discover the dependencies between business activities. The complexity and volume of data to be searched and analysed indicates a need for a special information management project. It is imperative to store the information appropriately with a clear architectural structure for easy retrieval.

Assessing the Need of Using Artificial Intelligence within Legal Practice

The objective of the article is to analyze the content and particularities of the use of artificial intelligence in legal practice. Historical and legal, epistemological, and comparative scientific methods are used. It has been clarified that artificial intelligence is the ability of a computer (machine) to simulate human intelligence while solving certain tasks. This type of intelligence is also designed to solve complex integral tasks related to the collection, processing, storage, generalization, and other actions with information. It has been argued that the introduction of artificial intelligence technologies in all spheres of public life requires adequate legal regulation of all aspects of their use. The main guidelines for the development of artificial intelligence in legal practice have been identified, namely: development of innovative cybersecurity systems; determination of the list of administrative services, the decisions of which can be made by automated systems using special information processing algorithms; development of digital systems for the identification and verification of persons; use of artificial intelligence technologies to detect illegal activities in computer systems, registries, other socially dangerous phenomena; protection of personal data; development of technologies for e-government.

Political Soviet posters and modern multimodal texts: cognitive experience in the process of perception and categorization of reality

In the work, the attempt to identify the features of the interaction of signs of different semiotic systems in the context of multimodal texts, which are considered as a special information construct and are perceived through the visual communication channel, which combines verbal, graphic, iconic, color codes. The aim of the work was an attempt to make a comprehensive analysis of multimodal political texts, an important element of which is the image of the historical personality of Stalin. This analysis allows us to trace the transformation of the perception and assessment of the life activity of an ambiguous politician in the minds of Soviet and Russian people and, as a consequence, the linguistic society as a whole. The material for the study was Soviet political posters of the mid-20th century and modern multimodal texts, the total number of which was 53 and 67 examples, respectively. The set of methods systematization and generalization, continuous sampling, contextual, intertextual and comparative analysis, is due to the expediency, logic and historical retrospective of the study. This made it possible to reconstruct the cognitive past recorded in the historical consciousness of the people: the article reveals the image of Stalin, in Soviet posters and in modern political multimodal texts, the specificity of perception, categorization and attitude of Soviet / Russian society to its past and present is revealed. For example, the image of Stalin on the posters of the 1930-1953s is as idealized and metaphorical as possible, which is due to the manipulative function – the need to promote the cult of the personality: the themes of patriotism, duty and beneficence become the leading ones and are called upon to form in the mass consciousness a stable, deliberately positive idea of the bright communist future the whole country and its every single Soviet citizen. In modern multimodal texts, it can be noted that they reflect two diametrically opposed views on the personality and life of Stalin: on the one hand, a positive, idealized image of a politician, a nostalgic perception; on the other hand, there is a negative (ironic) view of the “situation of the past,” which is due to the historical context, the cult of the individual and his debunking of this cult after the death of the leader. The specificity of these types of texts is largely due to the author’s linguistic pragmatic attitude and extralinguistic factors.

INDIRECT INFORMATION HIDING TECHNOLOGY ON A MULTIADIC BASIS

It is shown that the current direction of increasing the safety of information resources when transmitting information in info-communication systems is the use of methods of steganographic instruction in video imagery. The effectiveness of such methods is significantly increased when used in a complex of methods of concealment, which are based on the principles of inconsistent and cosmic communication. At the same time, existing methods of steganographic are used in the process of insertion of information mainly only laws, empty features of visual perception of video images. So, it is justified that the scientific and applied problem, which is to increase the density of embedded messages in the video container with a given level of their reliability, is relevant. The solution of this problem is based on the solution of the contradiction, which concerns the fact that increasing the density of embedded data leads to a decrease in the bit rate of the video container, steganalysis stability, reliability of special information, and video container. Therefore, the research aims to develop a methodology for the steganographic embedding of information, taking into account the regularities of the video container, which are generated by its structural and structural-statistical features. The solution to the posed problem of applying steganographic transformations is proposed to be realised by methods of indirectly embedding parts of the hidden message in certain conditions or functional relationships. The possibility of creating steganographic transformations regarding the indirect embedding and extraction of hidden information in a multiadic basis by modifying the underlying basis system within an admissible set is demonstrated. It is shown that the multiadic system, which is created in the spectral space of DCT transforms, has the potential to form a set of admissible modifications of basis systems.

Representation of Jombang as “a santri city”: landscape linguistic study

This study examines the representation of Jombang district as a santri city. The purpose of this study is to describe the extent to which the representation of the mention of Jombang district as a santri city is examined from the use of language in public spaces that can reflect these nicknames. The data in this study are forty forms of language use on billboards, shop names, road signs, and general signs on other roads that can reflect the designation of Jombang district as a santri city. This is a qualitative descriptive research. The theory used is the basic theory from Landry and Bourhis (1997) which focuses on the study of landscape linguistics which refers to information functions and symbolic functions. The results showed that there were five ways of representing Jombang as a santri city, namely (1) representation through naming shops, buildings, and community groups using Arabic which was written using Latin letters, (2) representation through naming streets, alleys, and institutions using names. family or the founder of the Islamic boarding school, (3) representation through the provision of special information for the boarding school students, (4) representation through the promotion of Islamic boarding school-based schools, and (5) representation through other objects. The methods of representation are divided into six categories of language signs in public spaces, namely in the category of road signs, advertising or promotional signs, warning signs, building names, information signs, and objects. There were also factors that influenced the presence of language signs in public spaces that represented Jombang as a santri city, namely (1) being close to the boarding school area, (2) following trend which is done by other subjects around the boarding school, (3) the need for the existence of an institution, and (4) information facilities for the general public.

Метод непрямого приховування інформації в процесі стиснення відеозображень

It is substantiated that steganographic systems should be used to ensure the protection of special information resources in conditions of its prompt delivery. Here, steganographic technologies are an integral part of complex information protection systems. Simultaneously, for steganographic systems, there is a contradiction between the density of embedded data and level of information compaction of video container (level of reduction of volume bit volume of compact presented video image concerning bit volume of an initial video image). It leads to the fact that under the conditions of the required quality (reliability) of digital video information, the bit rate level of the covert channel is insufficient. Consequently, the scientific-applied problem concerns the necessity to increase the integrity (the level of correspondence of the hidden information before its embedding in a video container and after its extraction) and bit rate of the hidden channel of special information transmission. It is relevant. The solution of the described problem in the field of application of steganographic transformations can be realized based on the application of two different approaches. The first approach is based on methods of direct message embedding. But this approach is characterized by introducing distortions in the video images used as a container. Therefore, changes in structural and statistical patterns in the syntactic description of the video container happen. It reduces the potential for video container compaction. The second approach to creating steganographic transformation methods is based on information hiding using indirect embedding technique. Here, the embedding process exploits the functional dependency between the elements of the video container and the elements of the embedded message. Setting a specific dependency between the elements in the video container corresponds to the embedded element with a value of "0" or "1". However, the existing indirect steganographic transformation methods have a disadvantage. It consists of an insufficient value of embedded data density. To eliminate these disadvantages, it is proposed to develop an approach that allows using not only psychovisual but also structural redundancy of video container for concealment. Therefore, the research objective of this paper is to develop a method for indirect information withholding in the video container compression process to increase the bit rate of the hidden message channel. In the process of research, a steganographic multiagent system is constructed, which allows embedding hidden message elements without loss of information based on the indirect approach by modifying the active bases of the multiagent basis considering their uncertainty. To select transformants (data sets) as containers for information embedding, the requirement of the existence of a base system with all active bases is taken into account. The number of embedded bits of the hidden message is equal to the number of active bases in the base system of the multiadic space. Because of the made experiments, the following results have been received: in the process of embedding messages based on the created method distortions in a video container is not brought; for the created method the additional increase in the hidden channel bit rate in average 5 … 7 times are reached.

Method of Parallel Information Object Search in Unified Information Spaces

The article describes the concept of a unified information space and an algorithm of its formation using a special information and computer system. The process of incoming object search in a unified information space is considered, which makes it possible to uniquely identify it by corresponding features. One of the main tasks of a unified information space is that each information object in it is uniquely identified. For this, the identification method was used, which is based on a step-by-step analysis of object characteristics. The method of parallel information object search in unified information spaces is proposed, when information object search will be conducted independently in all unified information spaces in parallel. Experimental studies of the method of parallel information object search in unified information spaces were conducted, on the basis of which the analysis of efficiency and incoming objects search time in unified information spaces was carried out. There was experimentally approved that the more parameters that describe the information object, the less the time of object identification depends on the length of the interval. Also, there was experimentally approved that the efficiency of the searching of the incoming objects in unified information spaces tends to a directly proportional relationship with a decrease in the length of the interval and an increase in the number of parameters, and vice versa.

Peculiarities of the determination of value of goods as at the date in the past within the framework of a commodity expertise

When investigating and hearing criminal proceedings, civil and administrative cases in courts, there is a need for special information in thefield of commodity science. Such information is obtained during commodity expertises. Analysis of the stages of forensic commodity expertise in the current legislation shows the presence of a significant number of problems at certain stages of study, which requires effective resolution in accordance with current regulatory and technical parameters and prospects for further development in Ukraine. As practice shows, forensic commodity expertises are often appointed, the subject of which is to determine the market value of objects on the date in the past. If the necessary documents are available, the difficulty of providing conclusions about the value of the objects of study is due to the lack of initial data on the market of such property. This is due to the fact that there are very few publicly available sources where you can find archival information on the price of a product on the date in the past, especially if it concerns specialized property, or property whose sale and purchase market is limited. That is why the article purpose is to highlight peculiarities of the determination of value of goods at the date of past within the framework of the commodity expertise. A t the present stage in Ukraine there are no meaningful studies and regulations on conducting the commodity expertise to determine the value of goods in the past, so this issue needs further study to create a unified and comprehensive approach while conducting the commodity expertises on the value of goods at the date of the past and development of a methodology that will be used in forensic expert practice during the conduct of commodity expertises, to ensure the systematization and methodological uniformity of the expert practice, reducing the complexity and time spent during expertises. Thus, the formation and development of property valuation are possible only in market conditions with a clear definition of the role and place of the state in matters of pricing and legal regulation of entrepreneurial activity. In addition, it is necessary to develop ways to improve the effectiveness of research that could provide the necessary conditions to protect professional competence of a forensic expert for appealing expertise results in court.

Linguistic and Cultural Poetics of German Popular Science Texts (based on U. Stumpf’s “Kräuter: Gefährten am Wegesrand”) and Resultant Translation Challenges

The article examines several aspects of linguistic and cultural poetics of German popular science texts, which in many ways shape national and cultural specifics of such texts and thus influence the process of translating them into Russian. As a distinct hybrid, popular science texts are characterized by high information density, intertextuality, and a wide range of vocabulary and style. Popular science texts create a special information space in which national and cultural specifics play a significant role. The article presents the results of the linguistic, stylistic, and cultural analysis of the German popular science work on botany by W. Stumpf “Kräuter: Gefährten am Wegesrand,” The strongly marked linguistic and cultural poetics of this text is largely determined by the peculiarity of botany as a field of knowledge: namely the knowledge of herbs, based on discoveries of ancient botanists, on folk knowledge, and on the personal experience of the author. At the lexical level, the linguo-cultural specifics are most clearly manifested in the nominations of plants: etymologically interesting phytonyms, their synonymic chains, and lexical gaps identified in the translation process. As a cross between scientific, journalistic, and literary texts, popular science texts display features of all these styles, which also determines the density of their linguistic and cultural poetics. The article provides a translation of several passages into Russian in order to demonstrate some of the challenges in translating popular science texts while taking into account their national and cultural specifics. The results of the study can be used both in teaching German as a foreign language and in translation courses at all levels of general and professional education as well as in developing textbooks, thematic dictionaries, and botanical glossaries.