scholarly journals Hepatitis B Infection and pregnancy: disease management and prevention of perinatal transmission

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1S) ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
Giovanni Perricone ◽  
Maria Vinci
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Perinatal Transmission ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Hbv Transmission

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection affects about 350 million individuals worldwide. Perinatal transmission is a common mode of HBV transmission. Without prophylaxis the risk of mother-to-child transmission is very high and it depends on the HBeAg status of mothers, being 85%-90% for HBeAg-positive mothers, and 32% for HBeAg-negative mothers. Maternal screening programs aimed at identifying HBsAg-positive mothers should be part of pregnancy routine examinations. Once HBsAg-positive mothers are identified, their babies receive passive-active immunoprophylaxis at birth, this reduces the risk of vertical HBV transmission from 90% to 5-10%. The present review aimed to show the peculiar and sometimes controversial aspects which concern both the mother and the fetus in the case of HBV infection in pregnancy, including the effect of pregnancy on HBV infection and of HBV infection on pregnancy; the potential viral transmission from mother to newborn; and prevention of mother-to-child transmission through antiviral drugs, and the type of antiviral drug to use considering their efficacy and potential teratogenic effect.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Nucleotide/Nucleoside Analogues and Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin Therapy in Blocking Mother-to-Child Transmission of Hepatitis B in an Eastern Chinese Group

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Xiaojun Sun ◽  
Chengwei Wang ◽  
Bian Wang ◽  
Xiuzhen Yang ◽  
Hongtao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Nucleoside Analogues ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Hbv Transmission

The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy and potential side-effects of nucleotide/nucleoside analogues and hepatitis B immunoglobulin injection of newborns in blocking mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus in the middle and late pregnancy period. 238 cases of enrolled pregnant women were divided into the Telbivudine group, the Tenofovir group, the Lamivudine group, and the hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) group. Enrolled patients received corresponding therapies. Clinical and laboratory data were collected. Results showed that the levels of HBV DNA of the enrolled pregnant women in the Telbivudine, Tenofovir, and Lamivudine groups decreased rapidly after 12 weeks of drug intervention compared with those in the control. HBsAg positive rate in newborns and in children 24 weeks after birth was 0/60, 0/60, 0/60, 3/30, and 11/28 in the Telbivudine, Tenofovir, Lamivudine, HBIG, and control groups, respectively. No significant side-effects were identified after following up to 12 months after birth. Our results show that routine HBV vaccine plus HBIG injections is insufficient in blocking mother-to-child HBV transmission. Administration of nucleotide/nucleoside analogues or HBIG at pregnancy is suggested to maximize the blocking of vertical HBV transmission.

scholarly journals Modelling cost-effectiveness of tenofovir for prevention of mother to child transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolynne Mokaya ◽  
Edward A. O. Burn ◽  
Cynthia Raissa Tamandjou ◽  
Dominique Goedhals ◽  
Eleanor J. Barnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Mother To Child

scholarly journals Modelling cost-effectiveness of tenofovir for prevention of mother to child transmission of hepatitis B virus infection in South Africa

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolynne Mokaya ◽  
Edward Burn ◽  
Cynthia Raissa Tamandjou ◽  
Dominique Goedhals ◽  
Eleanor Barnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Antiviral Prophylaxis ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Mother To Child

ABSTRACTIn light of sustainable development goals for 2030, an important priority for Africa is to have affordable, accessible and sustainable hepatitis B virus (HBV) prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) programmes, delivering screening and treatment for antenatal women and implementing timely administration of HBV vaccine for their babies. We developed a decision-analytic model simulating 10,000 singleton pregnancies to assess the cost-effectiveness of three possible strategies for deployment of tenofovir in pregnancy, in combination with routine infant vaccination: S1: no screening nor antiviral therapy; S2: screening and antiviral prophylaxis for all women who test HBsAg-positive; S3: screening for HBsAg, followed by HBeAg testing and antiviral prophylaxis for women who are HBsAg-positive and HBeAg-positive. Our outcome was cost per infant HBV infection avoided and the analysis followed a healthcare perspective. S1 predicts 45 infants would be HBV-infected at six months of age, compared to 21 and 28 infants in S2 and S3, respectively. Relative to S1, S2 had an incremental cost of $3,940 per infection avoided. S3 led to more infections and higher costs. Given the long-term health burden for individuals and economic burden for society associated with chronic HBV infection, screening pregnant women and providing tenofovir for all who test HBsAg+ may be a cost-effective strategy for South Africa.

Update in management of hepatitis B in pregnancy and prevention of mother to child hepatitis B transmission

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Naichaya Chamroonkul
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
High Viral Load ◽  
World Population ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Mother To Child

Even with two decades of widespread using hepatitis B vaccination, chronic hepatitis B remains a major global health problem. In Thailand, the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B infection was down from 8 - 10% in last decade to 5% recently. Failure to control mother to child transmission is one of the important barriers to the total elimination of hepatitis B infection from world population. In the majority, vertical transmission can be prevented with a universal screening program, immunoprophylaxis by administration of hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIg) for babies born to mothers with HBV. However, in mothers with a high viral load, the chance of immunoprophylaxis failure remains high. To date, there are standard recommendations by all international liver societies including AASLD, EASL and APASL suggest introducing an antiviral agent during the third trimester to CHB pregnant women with a high viral load. Previous US FDA pregnancy category B agents such as Tenofovir and Telbivudine are allowed through all trimesters of pregnancy and are effective for prevention of mother to child transmission. Breastfeeding for patients who receive antiviral agents can be allowed after a risk-benefit discussion with the patient and family.

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