Reading the ‘lay of the land’: intercessory advocacy and causal process in the HIV/AIDS treatment and death penalty abolitionist campaigns

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Noakes
Keyword(s):  
Death Penalty ◽  
Capital Punishment ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Causal Process ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Improve Treatment ◽  
Hiv Aids

The cases presented in this chapter—those to improve care for the HIV positive and to abolish capital punishment—jointly call attention to the need to pay close attention to sequence and causal force in TAN campaigns. The HIV/AIDS campaign is an example of ‘intercessory advocacy,’ in which a campaign seized upon an opportunity to play a role in a state-led effort to improve treatment programs. By packaging its message in a manner palatable to the state, it was able to play a role in crafting China’s emergent anti-HV strategy. The campaign to abolish capital punishment, on the other hand, exercised very little effect on China’s much publicized effort to reduce reliance of on the death penalty. Rather, the scaling back of the death penalty is driven mostly by domestic political considerations, namely a desire to retain the practice of capital punishment for purposes of crime control while simultaneously strengthening the rule of law by introducing greater accountability into the death penalty process through the highly publicized policy of ‘kill fewer, kill carefully.’

Undoing Death I

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian O'Donnell
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Death Penalty ◽  
Capital Punishment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Average Period

Capital punishment has been described as a ‘lottery’, implying that it operates at random; but in Ireland a pattern can be discerned. Murderers who avoided execution fell into one of six categories, with a clear gradient in how sympathetically they were viewed, as indicated by the duration of their coercive confinement and the likelihood that mercy would be recommended. At one end of the scale were those who destroyed an unwanted child, 92 per cent of whom aroused the sympathy of judge and jury and who were denied their liberty for 44 months, on average. At the other extreme were those whose treatment was capricious, only 20 per cent of whom received recommendations to mercy and whose average period of coercive confinement was 115 months. This chapter explores cases where the death penalty was imposed for the murder of an infant (usually, but not always, by the mother), romantic entanglements that had lethally soured, and sexual violence resulting in death.

It Serves you Right

Philosophy ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 37 (142) ◽  
pp. 293-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Manser
Keyword(s):  
Death Penalty ◽  
Capital Punishment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Good Starting Point

In this paper I want to examine the notion of desert, which seems to have been neglected by contemporary philosophers. Apartfrom its interest in its own right, it is important to be clear about the meaning of the word if there is to be any understanding of the idea of punishment. And that we are confused over the whole issue of punishment is obvious both from the remarks of professional philosophers and from the comments of the ‘man in the street’. Because of this confusion, the discussion of any actual punishment seems to take place between two parties who never get to grips with the arguments of the other, as in the whole debate over the death penalty. To one set of people, it is obvious that the retention of hanging depends to a large extent on the question of its effectiveness in deterring murderers; to another it is equally obvious that the murderer ‘deserves’ to hang, and that there is no more to be said about the matter. Capital punishment is not a good starting-point for a discussion of punishment in general, for death is clearly unique among penalties; in addition, the topic gives rise inevitably to much sentimentality and resulting muddle-headedness.

scholarly journals O PRAWNOKARNEJ OCHRONIE NASCITURUSA W III STATUCIE LITEWSKIM

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Sławomir Godek
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Woman ◽  
Death Penalty ◽  
Capital Punishment ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
German Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
The Third ◽  
Criminal Protection ◽  
The One

Legal and Criminal Protection of ‘nasciturus’ in the Third Lithuanian StatuteSummary The Third Lithuanian Statute of 1588 regulated the issue specified in the title only partly and quite inconsistently. On the one hand, the Third Statute introduced criminal responsibility for injuring a pregnant woman, which caused a miscarriage; nevertheless, the penalty was insignificant. On the other hand, the legislation stipulated that carrying out a capital punishment must be put off until a child’s birth, which shows the the Lithuanian legislator’s intention to respect the fetus’ right to life. The Statute also provided for the death penalty for abortion and infanticide; nevertheless - contrary to the German law applied in cities - it did notintroduce an explicit distinction between these two crimes. Another inconsistency of the Statute is a lack of punishment in case of a homicide of a bastard child.

scholarly journals KILLING THE CONDEMNED: THE PRACTICE AND PROCESS OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENT IN BRITISH AFRICA, 1900–1950s

2008 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
STACEY HYND
Keyword(s):  
Death Penalty ◽  
Capital Punishment ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
The State ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Legal Right

ABSTRACTCapital punishment in British colonial Africa was not just a method of crime control or individual punishment, but an integral aspect of colonial networks of power and violence. The treatment of condemned criminals and the rituals of execution which brought their lives to an end illustrate the tensions within colonialism surrounding the relationship between these states and their subjects, and with their metropolitan overlords. The state may have had the legal right to kill its subjects, but this right and the manner in which it was enacted were contested. This article explores the interactions between various actors in this penal ‘theatre of death’, looking at the motivations behind changing uses of the death penalty, the treatment of the condemned convicts whilst they awaited death, and the performance of a hanging itself to show how British colonial governments in Africa attempted to create and manage the deaths of their condemned subjects.

Machinery of Death or Machinic Life

Derrida Today ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Wills
Keyword(s):  
Death Penalty ◽  
Capital Punishment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Knife Edge ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Complex Relation ◽  
The Uncanny ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Way

The notion of a ‘machinery of death’ not only underwrites abolitionist discourse but also informs what Derrida's Death Penalty refers to as an anesthesial drive that can be traced back at least as far as Guillotin. I read it here as a symptom of a more complex relation to the technological that functions across the line dividing life from death, and which is concentrated in the question of the instant that capital punishment (at least in order to be distinguished from torture) requires. Further indications of such a relation include the forms of automatic machinism that regulate, on one hand, the generalisable certainty that death occurs (in tension with the singular death of each convict), and on the other, the discursive contagion that the death penalty generates. But it can be analysed most productively in the way in which the putative instantaneity of an execution reveals how life is severed from, but also perhaps tethered to death by means of a machinery of time; how that machinery of time ‘abandons’ its indifference in order to decide the moment of death by execution, and at the same time, by contriving an instant at which death takes over from life, produces the uncanny result of having life and death meet on the same knife-edge.

scholarly journals The Correlation between HIV/AIDS Positive Pregnant Mother with Infant APGAR Score in RSD dr. Soebandi Jember

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Nurlaila Ayu Purwaningsih ◽  
Muhammad Ali Shodikin ◽  
Cholis Abrori
Keyword(s):  
Apgar Score ◽  
The Other ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Pregnant Mother ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Hiv Aids

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that decreased immunity and a set symptoms of diseases called Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). One of the major risk factors for HIV transmission is perinatal transmission about 2.8% during pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum. HIV positive mothers have a potential to give birth infants with low APGAR. APGAR Score was used as a reference to determine asphyxia in the first and fifth minutes of life. The purpose of this research were to determine the correlation between HIV/AIDS positive pregnant mother with infant APGAR Score and to determine the other factors that affect the infant APGAR Score in RSD dr. Soebandi Jember. This research used observational analytic survey method with cross sectional design using medical record of HIV positive and negative pregnant women from August 2014-July 2017 in RSD dr. Soebandi Jember as a subject that qualify the inclusion and exclusion criteria. This research used case group sampling technique by total sampling and control group by simple random sampling each 52 samples. Test result of the correlation between HIV/AIDS positive pregnant mother with infant APGAR Score using Chi-Square test obtained p value=1.000 (OR=1.13) that means there was no significant correlation. Test result of the correlation between the other factors that affect infant APGAR Score concluded that there were no significant correlation. Keywords: pregnant mother, HIV/AIDS, APGAR Score, infant

Attitudes toward HIV-positives in dependence on their sexual orientation * Footnote. The author wishes to thank Margit E. Oswald and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on an earlier draft of this paper.

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Hergovich ◽  
Elisabeth Ratky ◽  
Marc Stollreiter
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sexual Morality ◽  
Just World ◽  
Positive Target ◽  
The One ◽  
Hiv Aids

Homosexual HIV-positives suffer under a double stigma. Moreover, many heterosexuals still associate HIV/AIDS with homosexuality ( Herek & Capitanio, 1999 ). This study examined the connection between belief in a just world, sexual morality and values on the one hand and attitudes towards HIV-positives on the other. Hundred and ninety-nine subjects evaluated an HIV-positive target (homosexual for half of the subjects, heterosexual for the other half) by means of a semantic differential. Results: in general, homosexual HIV-positives were evaluated more negatively than heterosexual HIV-positives. A moderated regression analysis showed a significant effect of values on the rating of the target.

Does Viewing a Televised Execution Affect Attitudes Toward Capital Punishment?

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
GARY N. HOWELLS ◽  
KELLY A. FLANAGAN ◽  
VIVIAN HAGAN
Keyword(s):  
Death Penalty ◽  
Capital Punishment ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Film ◽  
Alternative Version

Two hundred and ninety one registered California voters completed Peterson and Thurstone's Attitude Toward Capital Punishment scale. About half of the participants then viewed a videotape of two executions, and the other participants watched a nature film. All of the respondents then completed an alternative version of the capital punishment attitude scale. Significantly more viewers of the execution videotape reduced their support for capital punishment than did viewers of the control film, suggesting that resumption of public (i.e., televised) executions may somewhat reduce support for the death penalty.

Public opinion and the death penalty in Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 573-595
Author(s):  
Viviana Andreescu ◽  
Tom “Tad” Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Death Penalty ◽  
Capital Punishment ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Public Support ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Justice Process ◽  
Criminal Justice Process

Based on the Japanese General Social Survey conducted in 2010 on a representative sample of adults, the present analysis intends to identify the factors more likely to predict variations in death penalty attitudes in Japan. Compared to death penalty proponents, those who oppose capital punishment are less likely to express punitive attitudes in general and to be dissatisfied with government expenditures on crime control. Relative to retentionists, abolitionists tend to have a higher level of social trust, show a higher level of support for public participation in the criminal justice process, are more likely to practice a religion, and are younger. Instrumental factors, such as victimization and fear of crime, symbolic factors, such as institutional trust, trust in the judiciary, and the police, as well as gender do not differentiate death penalty opponents from supporters. The results of the multinomial logistic regression show that residents who did not express agreement or disagreement with the death penalty have more in common with those who oppose capital punishment than with those who favor it. Although the majority of the population (65.2%) expressed support for death penalty, one in four respondents (26.1%) remained ambivalent regarding the use of capital punishment. Additionally, most of those who expressed an opinion (50.5%) said they would hesitate to recommend death, if chosen to serve in the newly instituted citizen judge system. Findings suggest that public support for death penalty is not as strong in the country as the Japanese government claims and that it requires further exploration.

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