scholarly journals EU cybersecurity and cyber diplomacy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Agnes Kasper ◽  
Anna-Maria Osula ◽  
Anna Molnár
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Digital Development ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
State Behaviour ◽  
Resilient Infrastructure ◽  
The Eu

Over the last decades cybersecurity has become a cornerstone of European digital development. Alongside with the diffusion of information and communication technologies and the deepening (as well as widening) of the European Union, the initial narrow and sectoral data security policies have expanded into a comprehensive cybersecurity framework addressing issues from resilient infrastructure and technological sovereignty, through tackling cybercrime, to cyber defence capabilities and responsible state behaviour in cyberspace. In this complex web of interrelated policies a relative newcomer at the European Union (EU) level is cyber diplomacy. Sometimes also called public diplomacy 2.0, it factors into the cross-border connectivity of cyberspace and reflects a shift in international relations where the lines between external and internal policies, military and civilian domains are blurred. However, the term cyber diplomacy is fluid and it is not well understood which topics should be under its “umbrella”, in particular in relation to cybersecurity, where it seems to be linked the most. This article aims to map existing and proposed instruments that make up the EU’s arsenal in this broad context to answer the following questions: what is cyber diplomacy and how is it related to the EU cybersecurity? Is cyber diplomacy in the EU becoming something in its own right as a distinct set of tools to secure the EU policy objectives?

The Determinants of Vietnam’s Information and Communication Technologies Exports to the European Union

2022 ◽  
pp. 001573252110579
Author(s):  
Phan Thanh Hoan ◽  
Duong Thi Dieu My
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Patent Application ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Eu

Vietnam is one of the top information and communication technologies (ICT) exporters globally, and the ICT products constitute nearly one-fifth of Vietnam’s total exports to the European Union (EU). This study empirically investigates the determinants of Vietnam’s ICT exports to the EU by applying the gravity model for trade with panel data from 2000 to 2019. Besides the traditional variables of the gravity model, we added gross capital formation, patent application and exchange rates as explanatory variables. The results show that among factors affecting Vietnam’s ICT export to the EU, market size, patent applications, and exchange rate are the most significant determinants. The article also suggests some policy implications for the development of ICT exports between the two parties. JEL Codes: F14, C2

scholarly journals Digital tools for a greener Europe: democracy, environmental justice and sustainability in the EU through information and communication technologies and geographic information systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Alexandra Aragão
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Eu

In the European Union there is solid legal support for the use of information and communication technologies associated with geographic information systems in favour of the environment. Digital technologies not only shape the way we live but they can be a lever for environmental awareness and protection. The potential of the association between information and communication technologies and geographic information systems is huge in order to deepen the European democracies and to promote sustainable development. The ultimate demonstration is the 2007 Inspire Directive. The advantages of the Inspire Directive for the citizens, the Member States and the European Union in what concerns democracy, environmental justice and sustainability in the EU will be briefly analysed.

scholarly journals The electronic claiming for the Single Area Payment Scheme (eSAPS) in Hungary: the evaluation of a new system

2009 ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Mihály Csótó
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
First Year ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Agricultural Subsidies ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
New System ◽  
The Eu

The agricultural subsidies play a crucial role in the policy of the European Union. Remarkable part of the EU budget is dedicated to agriculture and rural development. The enlargement of the EU, the global changes in the market and other challenges are raising the demand for a better and more efficient way of work in the organization, using information and communication technologies, and especially the implementation of e-governmentservices. The article presents the Hungarian electronic claiming system (called eSAPS) for European founds in agriculture, and evaluates the first year of its operation.

Efficiency Analysis of Turkey's Transportation System Using Decision Support Model

2016 ◽  
pp. 61-92
Author(s):  
Adnan Sozen ◽  
Fatih Cipil
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Malmquist Index ◽  
Efficiency Analysis ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Railway Transportation ◽  
Decision Support Model ◽  
Decision Support Models ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
The Eu

Since the European Union has certain targets and criteria that must be fulfilled by its members, Turkey's situation in transportation compared to the EU member countries (23 countries whose data were accessed) was examined through the approaches of decision support models (Data Envelopment Analysis and Malmquist Index). This study investigates whether Turkey utilizes its road, airway and railway transportation indicators efficiently or not within the framework of the European Union (EU) accession process. In addition, it aims to demonstrate Turkey's current position compared to other EU countries by performing relative efficiency analysis on road, airway and railway transportation indicators. The conclusions of this study will help policymakers to determine Turkey's policy objectives for its integration to the EU in terms of transportation indicators.

EU SMEs and E-Business Innovation

2011 ◽  
pp. 464-471
Author(s):  
Anne Wiggins
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Business Innovation ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Adoption And Implementation ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Relationship

Although motivating electronic business (e-business) adoption and implemention by small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is endorsed by policies and initiatives introduced by the European Union (EU), a number of challenges arise as the result of a limited conceptual understanding of the relationship between SMEs and information and communication technologies (ICTs). Relatively little is known about how SMEs respond to the opportunities provided by ICTs, and even less is known about why and how small businesses use ICTs (Dixon, Thompson, & McAllister, 2002). In the first section of this critical review of the academic and government bodies of literature related to EU SMEs, e-business and policy initiatives and definitions of SMEs are explained, the unique characteristics of SMEs and entrepreneurial characteristics are outlined, and the case is made that there is a clear need for more comprehensive research on SMEs in the European Union. The second section concentrates on e-business. Many of the factors that compel organisations to adopt and implement innovation are pertinent to the adoption and implementation of e-business. These have hitherto largely been treated as separate bodies of literature, however. In this section, the benefits of e-business are explored, the factors that motivate or act as barriers to e-business adoption and implemention are outlined, and the organisational and management attributes that would seem to ensure the success of the innovation of adopting and implementing e-business are discussed. The third and penultimate section explores EU policy initiatives relevant to SMEs and to the promotion of e-business. The most wide-ranging and prominent initiatives directed at SMEs are examined here. The final section of the paper concludes with suggestions for further research.

The Baltic States in the European Union

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanel Kerikmäe ◽  
Archil Chochia ◽  
Max Atallah
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Digital Development ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Eu

Integration with the European Union has been far less distressing for the three Baltic States than for numerous other accessing countries owing to their strong societal impetus to (re)join Western political, economic, and legal culture after they regained their independence from the Soviet Union in 1990. However, the accession of these states—Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania—had several distinctive features related to constitutional background and settings, which heavily influenced problem solving between government and the EU institutions. In general, the controversial issues regarding how to solve the problems with supranational power have never been dramatic with regard to the Baltic States, which leads to the assumption that often the governments have taken rather compliant positions. The latest cases, such as the European Stabilization Mechanism, indicate the change in paradigm: the three Baltic States are more aware of the margin of appreciation and actual borderlines between policy making- and decision making. Today, in setting up an EU-related agenda, more skills than previously are needed in finding allies and choosing partners. The road the Baltic States took in joining the EU was a difficult one, nor has their role in the EU been easy. Should a small state with a big initiative be allowed to mentor other member states regarding that initiative, meaning in particular Estonia and its digital development? Another peculiar aspect of the Baltic States is their (inter)relationship with Russia. Considering themselves a bridge between East and West, the Baltics have been active in Eastern Partnership and Development Aid initiatives and have also spoken out strongly against intervention in Georgia and Ukraine. This position sometimes complicates any EU attempt to achieve consensus on foreign policy.

Excessive pricing in the pharmaceutical industry: adding another string to the bow of EU competition law

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Diletta Danieli
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Health Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Eu Competition Law ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The paper addresses the issue of excessive price abuse under Article 102(a) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), by drawing inspiration from a recent stream of cases (developed first at the national and then at the EU level) involving pharmaceutical companies marketing off-patent drugs. In particular, the two ‘most advanced’ cases are analysed: Aspen in Italy and Pfizer/Flynn in the United Kingdom. This new-found attention towards exploitative practices in the form of excessive and unfair pricing by dominant undertakings that have traditionally been subject to a cautious antitrust scrutiny seems worth exploring for a number of reasons, as illustrated in the paper. Ultimately, it is argued that this further ‘interference’ of competition law into the realms of regulation may be actually justified, albeit subject to precise conditions for enforcement, and may pursue policy objectives in the wider context of EU health law.

Targeting the Digital Agenda for Europe: a new approach for estimating ICT R&D expenditures

Info ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juraj Stančík
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Labour Costs ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
The Eu

Purpose – The main goal of this paper is to create a methodology for estimating public research and development (R&D) expenditures on Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in the European Union (EU). The study further applies this methodology on business expenditures on R&D (BERD) data across all sectors and estimate ICT BERD within each of them. Then the study assesses the evolution of these expenditures in the context of the Digital Agenda for Europe (DAE) and its specific target to double them by 2020. Design/methodology/approach – The study assumes that the share of public ICT R&D expenditures in total public R&D expenditures is similar to the share of ICT R&D labour costs. The study bases its estimation on government budget appropriations or outlays on R&D (GBAORD). Findings – EU public ICT R&D expenditures grew steadily over the period 2004-2010 and in 2010 reached 5.9 billion. The study also estimates that the total EU ICT BERD in 2010 amounted to 15.8 billion. Regarding the DAE target about ICT R&D expenditures, the study shows that, in both public and private, the EU drops behind. Research limitations/implications – The study estimates that substantial ICT BERD can be found also in non-ICT sectors. Practical implications – The methodology allows for monitoring one of the DAE targets. Originality/value – The methodology currently represents the only way for measuring public ICT R&D expenditures in the EU.

scholarly journals USAGE OF ICT IN EU CULTURE SECTOR AS A TOOL OF CULTURAL PARTICIPATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva ARDIELLI
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cultural Participation ◽  
Information And Communication

Culture is not only an inherent part of human life but it also creates the potential for economic growth, employment and innovation. For this reason, the European Union considers the development of culture sector and Cultural and creative industries as very important. Nowadays the culture sector is confronted with the penetration of Information and communication technologies. The widespread use of Internet and Information and communication technologies implies more participatory behaviours on the side of users, who are increasingly involved in cultural activities electronically.   The presented article is focused on the issue of electronic cultural participation in European Union member countries. The aim is to evaluate the usage of Information and communication technologies for cultural purpose. For the purpose of this aim the selected multi-criteria decision-making method MAPPAC is applied. In the result is presented the ranking of European Union member countries according to the participation of citizens in culture through Information and communication technologies. In the research there was confirmed the importance of Information and communication technologies in European Union culture sector. High involvement of individuals in electronic cultural participation is obvious in developed European Union countries; in less developed countries the electronic cultural participation is habitually lower.

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