Efficiency Analysis of Turkey's Transportation System Using Decision Support Model

2016 ◽  
pp. 61-92
Author(s):  
Adnan Sozen ◽  
Fatih Cipil
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Malmquist Index ◽  
Efficiency Analysis ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Railway Transportation ◽  
Decision Support Model ◽  
Decision Support Models ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
The Eu

Since the European Union has certain targets and criteria that must be fulfilled by its members, Turkey's situation in transportation compared to the EU member countries (23 countries whose data were accessed) was examined through the approaches of decision support models (Data Envelopment Analysis and Malmquist Index). This study investigates whether Turkey utilizes its road, airway and railway transportation indicators efficiently or not within the framework of the European Union (EU) accession process. In addition, it aims to demonstrate Turkey's current position compared to other EU countries by performing relative efficiency analysis on road, airway and railway transportation indicators. The conclusions of this study will help policymakers to determine Turkey's policy objectives for its integration to the EU in terms of transportation indicators.

Efficiency Analysis of Turkey's Transportation System Using Decision Support Model

2018 ◽  
pp. 480-509
Author(s):  
Adnan Sozen ◽  
Fatih Cipil
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Malmquist Index ◽  
Efficiency Analysis ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Railway Transportation ◽  
Decision Support Model ◽  
Decision Support Models ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
The Eu

Since the European Union has certain targets and criteria that must be fulfilled by its members, Turkey's situation in transportation compared to the EU member countries (23 countries whose data were accessed) was examined through the approaches of decision support models (Data Envelopment Analysis and Malmquist Index). This study investigates whether Turkey utilizes its road, airway and railway transportation indicators efficiently or not within the framework of the European Union (EU) accession process. In addition, it aims to demonstrate Turkey's current position compared to other EU countries by performing relative efficiency analysis on road, airway and railway transportation indicators. The conclusions of this study will help policymakers to determine Turkey's policy objectives for its integration to the EU in terms of transportation indicators.

Excessive pricing in the pharmaceutical industry: adding another string to the bow of EU competition law

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Diletta Danieli
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Health Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Eu Competition Law ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The paper addresses the issue of excessive price abuse under Article 102(a) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), by drawing inspiration from a recent stream of cases (developed first at the national and then at the EU level) involving pharmaceutical companies marketing off-patent drugs. In particular, the two ‘most advanced’ cases are analysed: Aspen in Italy and Pfizer/Flynn in the United Kingdom. This new-found attention towards exploitative practices in the form of excessive and unfair pricing by dominant undertakings that have traditionally been subject to a cautious antitrust scrutiny seems worth exploring for a number of reasons, as illustrated in the paper. Ultimately, it is argued that this further ‘interference’ of competition law into the realms of regulation may be actually justified, albeit subject to precise conditions for enforcement, and may pursue policy objectives in the wider context of EU health law.

scholarly journals EU cybersecurity and cyber diplomacy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Agnes Kasper ◽  
Anna-Maria Osula ◽  
Anna Molnár
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Digital Development ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
State Behaviour ◽  
Resilient Infrastructure ◽  
The Eu

Over the last decades cybersecurity has become a cornerstone of European digital development. Alongside with the diffusion of information and communication technologies and the deepening (as well as widening) of the European Union, the initial narrow and sectoral data security policies have expanded into a comprehensive cybersecurity framework addressing issues from resilient infrastructure and technological sovereignty, through tackling cybercrime, to cyber defence capabilities and responsible state behaviour in cyberspace. In this complex web of interrelated policies a relative newcomer at the European Union (EU) level is cyber diplomacy. Sometimes also called public diplomacy 2.0, it factors into the cross-border connectivity of cyberspace and reflects a shift in international relations where the lines between external and internal policies, military and civilian domains are blurred. However, the term cyber diplomacy is fluid and it is not well understood which topics should be under its “umbrella”, in particular in relation to cybersecurity, where it seems to be linked the most. This article aims to map existing and proposed instruments that make up the EU’s arsenal in this broad context to answer the following questions: what is cyber diplomacy and how is it related to the EU cybersecurity? Is cyber diplomacy in the EU becoming something in its own right as a distinct set of tools to secure the EU policy objectives?

scholarly journals Improvement of international rail transportation of benzene between Ukraine and the European Union countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 294 ◽  
pp. 04010
Author(s):  
Vasyl Gaba ◽  
Tetiana Hrushevska ◽  
Oleg Strelko ◽  
Anna Kyrychenko ◽  
Marina Rudyuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Railway Transportation ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Cargo Transportation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Eu

It is considered the possibility of improvement of the international railway transportation of benzene and other related cargoes between Ukraine and the European Union countries for the carriage of these cargoes in tank containers. The volume of chemical cargo transportation to the EU countries to the rolling stock types for 2018 has been analyzed. The research of the effectiveness of organization of international transportation according to the criterion of the total hours of downtime by wagons under accumulation. The mathematical model of chemical cargoes transportation by wagons, wagon groups and container trains with the accumulation to the technical standards on the cargo diversions was elaborated. The models take into account the unevenness of the wagon arrivals to the accumulation points and observance of the number of wagons to the established norm. A comparison of the effectiveness of the two models of the organization of the chemical cargo delivery and it was defined a more effective version of transportation. It has been established that for more efficient using of the rolling stock and for the rolling stock circulation decreasing is the cargo transportation by trains which consist of cisterns or/and tank container carriages. The influence of the components of the rolling stock circulation and its value are analyzed. The research of the cost of benzene transportation in cisterns and tank containers for the individual diversions was studied. According to the research results the cost of benzene transportation by platforms of the railways ownership is less than twice in comparison to private cisterns and tank-containers of the Ukrainian Railways fleet. These recommendations will improve the process of transportation and increase of volumes of international cargo by railroads between Ukraine and the EU countries.

The EU Global Human Rights Sanctions Regime: between Self Help and Global Governance

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Nathanael Tilahun
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
Tension Zone ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
General Scope ◽  
The Eu

Abstract By adopting a Global Human Rights Sanctions regime, the European Union took a new step in leveraging its power to respond to human rights violations globally. The regime has a general scope, and targets both state and non-state actors. This paper shows that this regime occupies a tension zone between two competing approaches to sanctions: a self-help approach that perceives sanctions as deriving authority from states’ sovereignty and subservient to their foreign policy, and a global governance approach that views sanctions as deriving authority from and bound by the objectives of specific international legal regimes they enforce. The tension between these approaches comes into stark view when constructing the listing criteria and policy objectives of the sanctions, which determine the scope of targets and duration of measures. Whether and how subsequent practice resolves this tension will be determined by certain legislative and interpretive moves by the EU Council and Court.

scholarly journals Adequacy of ecosystem services assessment tools and approaches to current policy needs and gaps in the European Union Overseas entities

One Ecosystem ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewan Trégarot ◽  
Pierre Failler
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Integrated Modelling ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Current Policy ◽  
Decision Supporting ◽  
The Eu

The paper presents the current policy needs and gaps identified in the European Union (EU) Outermost Regions and Overseas Countries and Territories to implement Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystem and their Services (MAES) methodology. Then, a selection of the most appropriate tools and methods for mapping and assessing ecosystem services (biophysical, economic, socio-cultural – and decision-support) is provided to address local needs. Using a performance matrix to assess the effectiveness, efficiency and sustainability of these tools, key factors required to facilitate the implementation of an ecosystem services framework are identified by considering local needs and possibilities in terms of data availability, mapping support, ecosystem services assessment and decision-support. Our results show how effective and accurate various methods (e.g. process-based models, integrated modelling and most Decision-Supporting Tools) can be, or how efficient other methods are (e.g. value transfer, spatial proxy methods and replacement cost) in data-scarce regions. Participatory approaches score well in terms of sustainability as they allow the assessment of multiple ecosystem services (covering the biophysical, economic and social-cultural components of the assessment) with local stakeholders' contribution, therefore contributing to the awareness-raising dimension. There is no one-size-fits-all approach. Instead, there is a need for flexible, guidance-based ecosystem services mapping and assessment approaches in the EU Overseas entities to facilitate MAES implementation and to adapt and integrate those methods into scenario analysis and decision-supporting tools for better uptake of MAES outputs at the decision-making and policy levels in the EU Overseas entities.

Building Good (Enough) Governance in Postconflict Societies & Areas of Limited Statehood: The European Union & the Western Balkans

Daedalus ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 147 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja A. Börzel ◽  
Sonja Grimm
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
External Good ◽  
Conflicting Objectives ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
The Eu

In this essay, we assess how the European Union supports the development of postconflict Western Balkan societies toward stable peace, economic prosperity, and consolidated democracy, moving them along the path to Denmark. Our analysis reveals that the EU has contributed to effective and democratic governance in its southeastern neighborhood. At the same time, its effectiveness as an external good governance–builder varies. Structural postconflict conditions that are not conducive to democratization, conflicting policy objectives, the dynamic interplay between the EU and Western Balkan governments, and the involvement of domestic third-party actors in the reform process explain this variation. To make EU good governance–building more effective, we recommend acknowledging conflicting objectives and using governance-building instruments consistently and credibly to reconceptualize external good governance–building as a dynamic process between external and domestic actors and to take domestic actors and their preferences seriously.

scholarly journals SOCIAL CONVERGENCE IN THE EU-28 COUNTRIES IN THE LIGHT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EUROPE 2020 STRATEGY. THE DEA APPROACH

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
Gabriela Wronowska ◽  
Janusz Rosiek
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Europe 2020 ◽  
Europe 2020 Strategy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Union Leaders ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
The Eu

Increase in convergence of the European Union countries has been focal for the European Union leaders, from the very beginning. The aim of the study is to examine whether any social convergence occurred in the EU-28 from 2010 to 2016, in the context of the implementation of the recommendations and the social policy objectives formulated under the Europe 2020 strategy. This article is based on an overview of the literature on the subject and the statistics of Eurostat. The methods of assessing the effectiveness of objects is DEA and sigma convergence. It is a new approach to convergence measurement based on the assessment of the efficiency diversification of the European Union countries and it has clearly been the value added to the analyses conducted so far. The obtained results in the scope of the estimation of the effectiveness were then compared to the existing results produced with the use of the methods generally recognized and employed in the literature. Conclusions were presented in the final part of the study.

Russia - European Union: The continuation ofthe sanctions standoff

2017 ◽  
pp. 114-127
Author(s):  
M. Klinova ◽  
E. Sidorova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Economic Sanctions ◽  
Current Data ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Year 2013

The article deals with economic sanctions and their impact on the state and prospects of the neighboring partner economies - the European Union (EU) and Russia. It provides comparisons of current data with that of the year 2013 (before sanctions) to demonstrate the impact of sanctions on both sides. Despite the fact that Russia remains the EU’s key partner, it came out of the first three partners of the EU. The current economic recession is caused by different reasons, not only by sanctions. Both the EU and Russia have internal problems, which the sanctions confrontation only exacerbates. The article emphasizes the need for a speedy restoration of cooperation.

Ensuring sustainable foreign economic relations of countries at the forefront and outskirts of the European Union

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1980-1996
Author(s):  
T.S. Malakhova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Structure Model ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Economic Bloc ◽  
The Eu

Subject. Foreign economic and trade ties among countries are getting tighter and less predictable in the early 21st century. This directly stems from a growing disparity of partners, especially if it goes about their future cooperation as part of integration groups or international organizations. Communities of experts suggest using various approaches to locally adjusting integration phases, especially implementing the two-speed integration in the European Union. Objectives. The study is an attempt to examine an improvement of foreign economic cooperation and suggest its implementation steps for the European Union. This all is due to considerable inner controversies and problems within the EU, which grow more serious year by year. Methods. The methodological framework comprises the historical logic, dialectical principles, scientific abstraction method. The process and system approach was especially important for justifying the implementation of the above steps. It was used to examine foreign economic relations of partners in the European Union. Results. The article sets forth the theoretical and methodological framework for the geostrategic economic bloc, including a conceptual structure model. I present steps to implement a foreign economic cooperation of partners in the EU in terms of its form. Conclusions and Relevance. Should the form of the foreign economic relations among the EU countries be implemented, counties at the periphery of the EU will be able to become active parties to the integration group.

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