scholarly journals Phylogenetics and population genetics of Plotosus canius (Siluriformes, Plotosidae) from Malaysian coastal waters

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima Khalili Samani ◽  
Yuzine Esa ◽  
Natrah Fatin Mohd Ikhsan ◽  
S.M Nurul Amin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Genomic Structure ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Genetic Connectivity ◽  
Significant Finding

Plotosus canius (Hamilton, 1822) is a significant marine species in Malaysia from nutritional and commercial perspectives. Despite numerous fundamental researches on biological characteristics of P.canius, there are various concerns on the level of population differentiation, genomic structure, and the level of genetic variability among their populations due to deficiency of genetic-based studies. Deficiency on basic contexts such as stock identification, phylogenetic relationship and population genetic structure would negatively impact their sustainable conservation. Hence, this study was conducted to characterize the genetic structure of P.canius for the first time through the application of mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) gene, cross amplification of Tandanus tandanus microsatellites, and a total of 117 collected specimens across five selected populations of Malaysia. The experimental results of the mitochondrial analysis revealed that the haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity varied from 0.395 to 0.771 and 0.033 to 0.65 respectively. Moreover, the statistical analysis of microsatellites addressed a considerable heterozygote insufficiency in all populations, with average observed heterozygosity (H0) value of 0.2168, which was lower than the standard heterozygosity in marine populations (H0= 0.79). This alongside the high Fis values estimation, high pairwise differentiation among populations and low within population variations are supposed to be associated with small sample size, and inbreeding system. Besides, the significant finding of this study was the sharing of common haplotype KR086940 at which reflects a historical genetic connectivity between Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo populations due to the geological history of Southeast Asia during Pleistocene era. To put it briefly, the current study has managed to provide an initial genomic database toward understanding of the genetic characterization, phylogenetic, molecular diversification and population structure in P.canius, and should be necessary highlighted for appropriate management and conservation of species. Though, further studies must be carried out involving more geographical and sampling sites, larger population size per site, and utilization of more COI genes and nuclear hypervariable markers.

scholarly journals Phylogenetics and population genetics of Plotosus canius (Siluriformes: Plotosidae) from Malaysian coastal waters

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima Khalili Samani ◽  
Yuzine Esa ◽  
S.M Nurul Amin ◽  
Natrah Fatin Mohd Ikhsan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Genomic Structure ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Genetic Connectivity ◽  
Significant Finding

Plotosus canius (Hamilton, 1822) is a significant marine species in Malaysia from nutritional and commercial perspectives. Despite numerous fundamental researches on biological characteristics of P.canius, there are various concerns on the level of population differentiation, genomic structure, and the level of genetic variability among their populations due to deficiency of genetic-based studies. Deficiency on basic contexts such as stock identification, phylogenetic relationship and population genetic structure would negatively impact their sustainable conservation. Hence, this study was conducted to characterize the genetic structure of P.canius for the first time through the application of mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) gene, cross amplification of Tandanus tandanus microsatellites, and a total of 117 collected specimens across five selected populations of Malaysia. The experimental results of the mitochondrial analysis revealed that the haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity varied from 0.395 to 0.771 and 0.033 to 0.65 respectively. Moreover, the statistical analysis of microsatellites addressed a considerable heterozygote insufficiency in all populations, with average observed heterozygosity (H0) value of 0.2168, which was lower than the standard heterozygosity in marine populations (H0= 0.79). This alongside the high Fis values estimation, high pairwise differentiation among populations and low within population variations are supposed to be associated with small sample size, and inbreeding system. Besides, the significant finding of this study was the sharing of common haplotype KR086940 at which reflects a historical genetic connectivity between Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo populations due to the geological history of Southeast Asia during Pleistocene era. Demographic analyses showed that all populations were in equilibrium state with no significant evidence of population expansion. To put it briefly, the current study has managed to provide an initial genomic database toward understanding of the genetic characterization, phylogenetic, molecular diversification and population structure in P.canius, and should be necessary highlighted for appropriate management and conservation of species. Though, further studies must be carried out involving more geographical and sampling sites, larger population size per site, and utilization of species specific microsatellites loci.

scholarly journals Phylogenetics and population genetics ofPlotosus canius(Siluriformes: Plotosidae) from Malaysian coastal waters

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima Khalili Samani ◽  
Yuzine Esa ◽  
S.M. Nurul Amin ◽  
Natrah Fatin Mohd Ikhsan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Genomic Structure ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Genetic Connectivity ◽  
Significant Finding

Plotosus canius(Hamilton, 1822) is a significant marine species in Malaysia from nutritional and commercial perspectives. Despite numerous fundamental research on biological characteristics ofP. canius, there are various concerns on the level of population differentiation, genomic structure, and the level of genetic variability among their populations due to deficiency of genetic-based studies. Deficiency on basic contexts such as stock identification, phylogenetic relationship and population genetic structure would negatively impact their sustainable conservation. Hence, this study was conducted to characterize the genetic structure ofP. caniusfor the first time through the application of mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) gene, cross amplification ofTandanus tandanusmicrosatellites, and a total of 117 collected specimens across five selected populations of Malaysia. The experimental results of the mitochondrial analysis revealed that the haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity varied from 0.395–0.771 and 0.033–0.65 respectively. Moreover, the statistical analysis of microsatellites addressed a considerable heterozygote insufficiency in all populations, with average observed heterozygosity (Ho) value of 0.2168, which was lower than the standard heterozygosity in marine populations (Ho= 0.79). This alongside the highFisvalues estimation, high pairwise differentiation among populations and low within population variations are supposed to be associated with small sample size, and inbreeding system. Besides, the significant finding of this study was the sharing of common haplotypeKR086940, which reflects a historical genetic connectivity between Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo populations due to the geological history of Southeast Asia during Pleistocene era. Demographic analyses showed that all populations were in an equilibrium state with no significant evidence of population expansion. To put it briefly, the current study has managed to provide an initial genomic database toward understanding of the genetic characterization, phylogenetic, molecular diversification and population structure inP. canius, and should be necessary highlighted for appropriate management and conservation of species. Further studies must be carried out involving more geographical and sampling sites, larger population size per site, and utilization of species specific microsatellites loci.

scholarly journals Phylogenetics and population genetics of Plotosus canius (Siluriformes: Plotosidae) from Malaysian coastal waters

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima Khalili Samani ◽  
Yuzine Esa ◽  
S.M Nurul Amin ◽  
Natrah Fatin Mohd Ikhsan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Genomic Structure ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Genetic Connectivity ◽  
Significant Finding

Plotosus canius (Hamilton, 1822) is a significant marine species in Malaysia from nutritional and commercial perspectives. Despite numerous fundamental researches on biological characteristics of P.canius, there are various concerns on the level of population differentiation, genomic structure, and the level of genetic variability among their populations due to deficiency of genetic-based studies. Deficiency on basic contexts such as stock identification, phylogenetic relationship and population genetic structure would negatively impact their sustainable conservation. Hence, this study was conducted to characterize the genetic structure of P.canius for the first time through the application of mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) gene, cross amplification of Tandanus tandanus microsatellites, and a total of 117 collected specimens across five selected populations of Malaysia. The experimental results of the mitochondrial analysis revealed that the haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity varied from 0.395 to 0.771 and 0.033 to 0.65 respectively. Moreover, the statistical analysis of microsatellites addressed a considerable heterozygote insufficiency in all populations, with average observed heterozygosity (H0) value of 0.2168, which was lower than the standard heterozygosity in marine populations (H0= 0.79). This alongside the high Fis values estimation, high pairwise differentiation among populations and low within population variations are supposed to be associated with small sample size, and inbreeding system. Besides, the significant finding of this study was the sharing of common haplotype KR086940 at which reflects a historical genetic connectivity between Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo populations due to the geological history of Southeast Asia during Pleistocene era. Demographic analyses showed that all populations were in equilibrium state with no significant evidence of population expansion. To put it briefly, the current study has managed to provide an initial genomic database toward understanding of the genetic characterization, phylogenetic, molecular diversification and population structure in P.canius, and should be necessary highlighted for appropriate management and conservation of species. Though, further studies must be carried out involving more geographical and sampling sites, larger population size per site, and utilization of species specific microsatellites loci.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic analysis and population genetic study of Plotosus canius (Siluriformes, Plotosidae) from Malaysian coastal waters

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima Khalili Samani ◽  
Yuzine Esa ◽  
Natrah Fatin Mohd Ikhsan ◽  
Nurul Amin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Genomic Structure ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Genetic Connectivity ◽  
Significant Finding ◽  
Population Genetic Study

Plotosus canius (Hamilton, 1822) is a significant marine species in Malaysia from nutritional and commercial perspectives. Despite numerous fundamental researches on biological characteristics of P.canius, there are various concerns on the level of population differentiation, genomic structure, and the level of genetic variability among their populations due to deficiency of genetic-based studies. Deficiency on basic contexts such as stock identification, phylogenetic relationship and population genetic structure would negatively impact their sustainable conservation. Hence, this study was conducted to characterize the genetic structure of P.canius for the first time through the application of mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) gene, cross amplification of Tandanus tandanus microsatellites, and a total of 117 collected specimens across five selected populations of Malaysia. The experimental results of the mitochondrial analysis revealed that the haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity varied from 0.395 to 0.771 and 0.033 to 0.65 respectively, which pointed out the unlikelihood of mutation effects on gene flow. Moreover, the statistical analysis of microsatellites addressed a considerable heterozygote insufficiency in all populations, with average observed heterozygosity (H0) value of 0.2168, which was lower than the standard heterozygosity in marine populations (H0= 0.79). This alongside the high Fis values estimation, high pairwise differentiation among populations and low within population variations are supposed to be associated with small sample size, and inbreeding system. Besides, the significant finding of this study was the sharing of common haplotype KR086940 at which reflects a historical genetic connectivity between Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo populations due to the geological history of Southeast Asia during Pleistocene era. To put it briefly, the current study has managed to provide an initial genomic database toward understanding of the genetic characterization, phylogenetic, molecular diversification and population structure in P.canius, and should be necessary highlighted for appropriate management and conservation of species. Though, further studies must be carried out involving more geographical and sampling sites, larger population size per site, and utilization of more COI genes and nuclear hypervariable markers.

Regional patterns of genetic structure among Australian populations of the mud crab, Scylla serrata (Crustacea : Decapoda): evidence from mitochondrial DNA

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 849 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Gopurenko ◽  
Jane M. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Scylla Serrata ◽  
Genetic Connectivity ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotypes ◽  
Shared History ◽  
Gene Coi ◽  
History Of ◽  
Maternal Gene

The population genetic structure of the estuarine crab, Scylla serrata (Forskål, 1775), was examined among shelf-connected locations and across a historical bio-geographic barrier. Over 300 individuals were sampled from multiple locations within coastal regions (western, northern and eastern) of Australia and analysed for mutational differences at a mitochondrial coding gene (COI). Analysis of molecular variance indicated mitochondrial haplotypes to be structured regionally (P < 0.001), which contrasted with evidence of genetic panmixia within regions. Regional genetic structure broadly correlated with hydrological circulation, supporting the contention that release of propagules away from the estuary may allow genetic connectivity among widespread shelf-connected S. serrata populations. That similar patterns of maternal gene flow are absent among trans-oceanic populations may indicate that the spatial scale of effective dispersal for this species is generally limited to areas of coastal shelf. Two distinct clades of haplotypes were geographically separated either side of the Torres Strait, a narrow sea channel connecting the northern and eastern regions of coastal Australia. This pattern of historical genetic separation is concordant with a number of other marine species across northern Australia and may indicate a shared history of vicariance induced by eustasy. Alternatively, we suggest that sundering of S. serrata populations resulting in cladogenesis may have its origins outside of the northern Australian region.

Effectiveness of the Weighted Blanket With Psychiatric Patients in the Emergency Department: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 107839032110267
Author(s):  
Debra A. Dickson ◽  
Laura Gantt ◽  
Melvin Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Finding ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Research With Children ◽  
Quasi Experimental

BACKGROUND Restraint and seclusion continue to be used with patients demonstrating aggressive and violent behaviors while in the emergency department and as inpatients in behavioral health (BH) units. The use of sensory interventions such as the weighted blanket (WB) is garnering interest as alternatives to aid in managing anxiety, anger, and aggressive behaviors. Reports of the effectiveness of the WB have primarily been anecdotal, and results of research with children have been mixed. Only one study has been conducted with the WB with adults on an inpatient psychiatric unit. OBJECTIVES The aim of this pilot study was to assess the effectiveness of the WB by determining whether it decreases anxiety and/or anger in adult emergency department patients with preexisting psychiatric diagnoses. METHODS The study used a quasi-experimental, nonequivalent control group design with pre- and posttests for anxiety and anger. The intervention was a 15-pound WB. Participants ( N = 15) were in one of three groups, which included no weighted blanket (NWB), WB for 15 minutes, or WB for 30 minutes. RESULTS All three groups showed a decrease in anxiety and anger scores. However, participants in the WB groups had a greater decrease in anxiety and anger posttest scores. CONCLUSIONS The small sample size in this study did not allow for the determination of any differences between groups on anxiety or anger scores that could be viewed as a significant finding.

scholarly journals Observations of occurrence and daily activity patterns of ungulates in the Endau Rompin Landscape, peninsular Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 11245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Win Sim Tan ◽  
Norazmi Bin Amir Hamzah ◽  
Salman Saaban ◽  
Nurul Aida Zawakhir ◽  
Yugees Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Sambar Deer ◽  
Daily Activity Patterns

Camera trap data was used to study occurrence and daily activity patterns in the Endau Rompin Landscape of peninsular Malaysia during 2011, 2013 and 2015 to estimate Malayan Tiger Panthera tigris jacksoni population densities.  By-catch data were also collected for seven ungulate species: Barking Deer Muntiacus muntjak, Bearded Pig Sus barbatus, Wild Boar Sus scrofa, Greater Mousedeer Tragulus napu, Lesser Mousedeer Tragulus kanchil, Malayan Tapir Tapirus indicus and Sambar Deer Rusa unicolor.  Of these, Bayesian single-season occupancy analysis suggested that Barking Deer were the most widespread and Mousedeer spp. the least widespread during the study period.  Bearded Pig, Malayan Tapir and Wild Boar were recorded in more than half of the camera trap area (Sambar Deer was excluded due to small sample size).  Daily activity patterns based on independent captures in 2015 suggest that Barking Deer, Bearded Pig and Wild Boar are mostly diurnal, mousedeer species are crepuscular and Malayan Tapir strongly nocturnal.  

scholarly journals Genetic Structure and Preliminary Findings of Cryptic Diversity of the Malaysian Mahseer (Tor tambroidesValenciennes: Cyprinidae) Inferred from Mitochondrial DNA and Microsatellite Analyses

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzine Esa ◽  
Khairul Adha Abdul Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
River System ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Unique Haplotype ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Nuclear Microsatellite ◽  
Small Sample Sizes ◽  
Microsatellite Analyses

This study examines the population genetic structure ofTor tambroides, an important freshwater fish species in Malaysia, using fifteen polymorphic microsatellite loci and sequencing of 464 base pairs of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene. A total of 152 mahseer samples were collected from eight populations throughout the Malaysia river system. Microsatellites results found high levels of intrapopulation variations, but mitochondrial COI results found high levels of interpopulations differentiation. The possible reasons for their discrepancies might be the varying influence of genetic drift on each marker or the small sample sizes used in most of the populations. The Kelantan population showed very low levels of genetic variations using both mitochondrial and microsatellite analyses. Phylogenetic analysis of the COI gene found a unique haplotype (ER8*), possibly representing a cryptic lineage ofT. douronensis, from the Endau-Rompin population. Nevertheless, the inclusion of nuclear microsatellite analyses could not fully resolve the genetic identity of haplotype ER8* in the present study. Overall, the findings showed a serious need for more comprehensive and larger scale samplings, especially in remote river systems, in combination with molecular analyses using multiple markers, in order to discover more cryptic lineages or undescribed “genetic species” of mahseer.

Genetic diversity and population structure of Synthesium pontoporiae (Digenea, Brachycladiidae) linked to its definitive host stocks, the endangered Franciscana dolphin, Pontoporia blainvillei (Pontoporiidae) off the coast of Brazil and Argentina

2013 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Marigo ◽  
H.A. Cunha ◽  
C.P. Bertozzi ◽  
S.P. Souza ◽  
F.C.W. Rosas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Biological Marker ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Pontoporia Blainvillei

AbstractPontoporia blainvillei (Gervais and d'Orbigny, 1844) is an endangered small cetacean endemic to South America with four Franciscana Management Areas (FMA) recognized as different population stocks. The role of the intestinal parasite Synthesium pontoporiae (Digenea: Brachycladiidae) as a possible biological marker to differentiate P. blainvillei stocks was evaluated using nuclear and mitochondrial DNA markers. Internal transcribed sequence 1 and 2 (ITS1 and ITS2) regions of S. pontoporiae did not show intraspecific variability. The mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 (ND3) and cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences suggested lack of population structure in S. pontoporiae and population expansion. The apparent panmixia of S. pontoporiae may be due to the high mobility of one or more of its intermediary hosts. Alternatively, it may be due to the small sample size. This result is incongruent with the previously proposed FMA.

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