scholarly journals Improving monitoring by understanding the patterns and drivers of biodiversity on Canada’s Glass Sponge Reefs

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie K Archer ◽  
Lily Burke ◽  
Anya Dunham
Keyword(s):  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Glass Sponge ◽  
Strait Of Georgia ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
The Many ◽  
Passive Acoustic ◽  
Sponge Reef ◽  
Sponge Reefs

Glass sponge reefs, built by up to three species of dictyonine hexactinellid sponges, are hotspots of biodiversity that are unique to the waters of the Pacific continental shelf. Since 2012 we have surveyed the biological community on 21 sponge reefs from the Strait of Georgia to Chatham Sound, British Columbia. Here we present patterns of biodiversity found on glass sponge reefs and associations between common reef-dwelling organisms and sponge reef habitat categories: no visible reef, dead reef, mixed reef, live reef, and dense live reef. Further we share our findings regarding energy flow through the reef community and the implications for the maintenance of biodiversity in this system. We discuss how our findings inform monitoring in the new Hecate Strait and Queen Charlotte Sound Glass Sponge Reefs Marine Protected Areas and the many other conservation-based fishing closures centered on sponge reefs. Finally, we show how this research has led to the development of novel monitoring methods, namely the application of passive acoustic monitoring on the sponge reef ecosystem.

scholarly journals Improving monitoring by understanding the patterns and drivers of biodiversity on Canada’s Glass Sponge Reefs

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie K Archer ◽  
Lily Burke ◽  
Anya Dunham
Keyword(s):  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Glass Sponge ◽  
Strait Of Georgia ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
The Many ◽  
Passive Acoustic ◽  
Sponge Reef ◽  
Sponge Reefs

Glass sponge reefs, built by up to three species of dictyonine hexactinellid sponges, are hotspots of biodiversity that are unique to the waters of the Pacific continental shelf. Since 2012 we have surveyed the biological community on 21 sponge reefs from the Strait of Georgia to Chatham Sound, British Columbia. Here we present patterns of biodiversity found on glass sponge reefs and associations between common reef-dwelling organisms and sponge reef habitat categories: no visible reef, dead reef, mixed reef, live reef, and dense live reef. Further we share our findings regarding energy flow through the reef community and the implications for the maintenance of biodiversity in this system. We discuss how our findings inform monitoring in the new Hecate Strait and Queen Charlotte Sound Glass Sponge Reefs Marine Protected Areas and the many other conservation-based fishing closures centered on sponge reefs. Finally, we show how this research has led to the development of novel monitoring methods, namely the application of passive acoustic monitoring on the sponge reef ecosystem.

scholarly journals Invertebrate settlement and diversity on a glass sponge reef

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Stephanie K. Archer ◽  
Glen Dennison ◽  
Lora Tryon ◽  
Sheila Byers ◽  
Anya Dunham
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Larval Settlement ◽  
Plate Material ◽  
Glass Sponge ◽  
Northeast Pacific ◽  
Invertebrate Biodiversity ◽  
Settlement Plate ◽  
Recreational Scuba ◽  
Sponge Reef ◽  
Sponge Reefs

Glass sponge reefs are an ecosystem unique to the continental shelf of the northeast Pacific Ocean. Due to their vulnerability and limited distribution, several sponge reef protection initiatives exist within Canadian waters with the common goal of conserving biodiversity. To date, the biodiversity associated with sponge reefs has largely been assessed using remote video methods that allow us to describe large fauna associated with the reefs. However, small organisms are typically missed, resulting in an underestimate of reef-associated biodiversity. In this study we aimed to further describe invertebrate biodiversity associated with sponge reefs. Sponge reefs recently discovered in Howe Sound, British Columbia are within safe recreational SCUBA diving limits allowing us to examine macrofaunal settlement timing and community structure using diver-deployed settlement plates. We examined the effect of settlement plate material and elevation above the benthos within the reef on invertebrate community structure. A total of 70 taxa settled on the plates representing 10 phyla, including two phyla not previously described on sponge reefs: Nemertea (ribbon worms) and Platyhelminthes (flatworms). There were no significant differences in taxa richness, diversity, or community structure associated with settlement plate material or height above the benthos. Ours is the first report of invertebrate settlement on a sponge reef in the Salish Sea and the first description of larval settlement timing for nine invertebrate species in the northeast Pacific.

First description of a glass sponge reef soundscape reveals fish calls and elevated sound pressure levels

2018 ◽  
Vol 595 ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
SK Archer ◽  
WD Halliday ◽  
A Riera ◽  
X Mouy ◽  
MK Pine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Glass Sponge ◽  
Sound Pressure Levels ◽  
Sponge Reef

Wall Boundary Layers in Turbomachines

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 411-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Marsh ◽  
J. H. Horlock
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Integral Equations ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Inlet Guide Vanes ◽  
Wall Boundary Layer ◽  
Wall Boundary ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
The Many ◽  
Momentum Integral

Equations for the passage-averaged flow in a cascade are used to derive the momentum integral equations governing the development of the wall boundary layer in turbomachines. Several existing methods of analysis are discussed and an alternative approach is given which is based on the passage-averaged momentum integral equations. The analysis leads to an anomaly in the prediction of the cross flow and to avoid this it is suggested that for the many-bladed cascade there should be a variation of the blade force through the boundary layer. This variation of the blade force can be included in the analysis as a force deficit integral. The growth of the wall boundary layer has been calculated by four methods and the predictions are compared with two sets of published experimental results for flow through inlet guide vanes.

Settlement of juvenile glass sponges and other invertebrate cryptofauna on the Hecate Strait glass sponge reefs

2019 ◽  
Vol 138 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keenan C. Guillas ◽  
Amanda S. Kahn ◽  
Nathan Grant ◽  
Stephanie K. Archer ◽  
Anya Dunham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glass Sponge ◽  
Glass Sponges ◽  
Sponge Reefs

Part 1: Chapter 2 Outline History of Geological Research

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Brian Harland
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Know How ◽  
Hydrographic Survey ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
History Of ◽  
Arctic Exploration ◽  
The Many ◽  
Geological Work ◽  
Geological Research ◽  
Selection Of

Useful records of observations perhaps began in 1596 with Barents' voyage and resulting chart. The many expeditions until the middle of the eighteenth century were primarily for whaling with minor additions to the charts. In 1758 A. R. Martin led a Swedish voyage and in 1773 C. J. Phipps commanded a British naval expedition, the first of several, to seek a northeast passage to the Pacific. They penetrated no further than Spitsbergen and made useful observations. At that time and for many years the British Admiralty was concerned with extensive Arctic exploration. The elaborate nature of these expeditions was not so much designed for scientific purposes as for useful employment for enterprising officers, with ships in numbers no longer needed in the period of naval supremacy after 1805. Hydrographic survey was often the principal achievement. In terms of efficiency and Arctic know-how the early whalers such as Scoresby were superior.1827 may be considered as the year when geological work began, with expeditions from Norway (B. M. Keilhau 1831) and Britain (Capt. Parry, e.g. Horner 1860; Salter 1860). Keilhau, a geologist, visited Edgeoya and Bjornoya. Admiral Parry, Hydrographer of the Navy, wintered on HMS Hecla in Sorgfjorden where further specimens were collected. In 1837 an early Swedish expedition was directed by Loven. Then, 1838 to 1840, the French voyage of La Recherche took place under the Commission Scientifique du Nord (e.g. Robert 1840).Only a selection of the many expeditions in the second half of the century are noted here.

Openings and introductions: education for the many, prison for the few

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Keyword(s):  
Cover Image ◽  
Open University ◽  
Front Cover ◽  
The Gift ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Guiding Principles ◽  
The Many

Setting the pioneering work of The Open University in context, the chapter explains how and why it’s work in prison is so consistent with its guiding principles. It recalls the passionate egalitarian beliefs that propelled The OU from the start, that continue to sustain it and that flow through the chapters. Each chapter is briefly introduced and the gift of the (prisoner) artist who provided the front cover image is celebrated.

Chocó Spanish and the Missing Spanish Creole debate

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro Sessarego
Keyword(s):  
Colonial Era ◽  
Gold Mines ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Many

Abstract This study offers a linguistic and sociohistorical analysis of Chocó Spanish (CS), an Afro-Hispanic variety spoken in the Pacific lowlands of Colombia by the descendants of the slaves taken to this region to work in gold mines during the colonial era. This research also tackles the many questions arising from the much-debated origins of the Afro-Hispanic Languages of the Americas (AHLAs) (McWhorter 2000; Lipski 2005). It provides an account of the evolution of CS that is rooted in the recently proposed Legal Hypothesis of Creole Genesis (Sessarego 2015, 2017a). In so doing, this article tests to what extent such a hypothesis makes valid predictions for a variety like CS, which developed in a region described by many as ‘remote’ and ‘on the frontier’ (cf. Whitten 1974; Sharp 1976), thus far away from legal courts and where law was not likely to be properly enforced.

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