scholarly journals Cortical modulation of pupillary function: Systematic review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Costanza Peinkhofer ◽  
Gitte Moos Knudsen ◽  
Rita Moretti ◽  
Daniel Kondziella
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Pupillary Light Reflex ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Cortical Lesion ◽  
Pupillary Diameter ◽  
Pupillary Dilatation ◽  
Light Reflex ◽  
Emotional Processes ◽  
Pupillary Light ◽  
Cortical Modulation

Background. The pupillary light reflex is the main mechanism that regulates the pupillary diameter; it is controlled by the autonomic system and mediated by subcortical pathways. In addition, cognitive and emotional processes influence pupillary function due to input from cortical innervation, but the exact circuits remain poorly understood. We performed a systematic review to evaluate the mechanisms behind pupillary changes associated with cognitive efforts and processing of emotions and to investigate the cerebral areas involved in cortical modulation of the pupillary light reflex. Methodology. We searched multiple databases until November 2018 for studies on cortical modulation of pupillary function in humans and non-human primates. Of 8808 papers screened, 252 studies were included. Results. Most investigators focused on pupillary dilatation as an index of cognitive and emotional processing, evaluating how changes in pupillary diameter reflect levels of attention and arousal. Only few tried to correlate specific cerebral areas to pupillary changes, using either cortical activation models (employing micro-stimulation of cortical structures in non-human primates) or cortical lesion models (e.g. investigating patients with stroke and damage to salient cortical and/or subcortical areas). Results suggest involvement of several cortical regions, including the insular cortex, the frontal eye field and the prefrontal cortex, and of subcortical structures such as the locus coeruleus and the superior colliculus. Conclusions. Pupillary dilatation occurs with many kinds of mental or emotional processes, following sympathetic activation or parasympathetic inhibition. This phenomenon is controlled by several subcortical and cortical structures that are directly or indirectly connected to the brainstem pupillary innervation system.

scholarly journals Cortical modulation of pupillary function: Systematic review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Costanza Peinkhofer ◽  
Gitte Moos Knudsen ◽  
Rita Moretti ◽  
Daniel Kondziella
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Pupillary Light Reflex ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Cortical Lesion ◽  
Pupillary Diameter ◽  
Pupillary Dilatation ◽  
Light Reflex ◽  
Emotional Processes ◽  
Pupillary Light ◽  
Cortical Modulation

Background. The pupillary light reflex is the main mechanism that regulates the pupillary diameter; it is controlled by the autonomic system and mediated by subcortical pathways. In addition, cognitive and emotional processes influence pupillary function due to input from cortical innervation, but the exact circuits remain poorly understood. We performed a systematic review to evaluate the mechanisms behind pupillary changes associated with cognitive efforts and processing of emotions and to investigate the cerebral areas involved in cortical modulation of the pupillary light reflex. Methodology. We searched multiple databases until November 2018 for studies on cortical modulation of pupillary function in humans and non-human primates. Of 8808 papers screened, 252 studies were included. Results. Most investigators focused on pupillary dilatation as an index of cognitive and emotional processing, evaluating how changes in pupillary diameter reflect levels of attention and arousal. Only few tried to correlate specific cerebral areas to pupillary changes, using either cortical activation models (employing micro-stimulation of cortical structures in non-human primates) or cortical lesion models (e.g. investigating patients with stroke and damage to salient cortical and/or subcortical areas). Results suggest involvement of several cortical regions, including the insular cortex, the frontal eye field and the prefrontal cortex, and of subcortical structures such as the locus coeruleus and the superior colliculus. Conclusions. Pupillary dilatation occurs with many kinds of mental or emotional processes, following sympathetic activation or parasympathetic inhibition. This phenomenon is controlled by several subcortical and cortical structures that are directly or indirectly connected to the brainstem pupillary innervation system.

scholarly journals Cortical modulation of pupillary function: systematic review

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Costanza Peinkhofer ◽  
Gitte M. Knudsen ◽  
Rita Moretti ◽  
Daniel Kondziella
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Pupillary Light Reflex ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Pupillary Diameter ◽  
Pupillary Dilatation ◽  
Light Reflex ◽  
Emotional Processes ◽  
Pupillary Light ◽  
Brodmann Areas ◽  
Cortical Modulation

Background The pupillary light reflex is the main mechanism that regulates the pupillary diameter; it is controlled by the autonomic system and mediated by subcortical pathways. In addition, cognitive and emotional processes influence pupillary function due to input from cortical innervation, but the exact circuits remain poorly understood. We performed a systematic review to evaluate the mechanisms behind pupillary changes associated with cognitive efforts and processing of emotions and to investigate the cerebral areas involved in cortical modulation of the pupillary light reflex. Methodology We searched multiple databases until November 2018 for studies on cortical modulation of pupillary function in humans and non-human primates. Of 8,809 papers screened, 258 studies were included. Results Most investigators focused on pupillary dilatation and/or constriction as an index of cognitive and emotional processing, evaluating how changes in pupillary diameter reflect levels of attention and arousal. Only few tried to correlate specific cerebral areas to pupillary changes, using either cortical activation models (employing micro-stimulation of cortical structures in non-human primates) or cortical lesion models (e.g., investigating patients with stroke and damage to salient cortical and/or subcortical areas). Results suggest the involvement of several cortical regions, including the insular cortex (Brodmann areas 13 and 16), the frontal eye field (Brodmann area 8) and the prefrontal cortex (Brodmann areas 11 and 25), and of subcortical structures such as the locus coeruleus and the superior colliculus. Conclusions Pupillary dilatation occurs with many kinds of mental or emotional processes, following sympathetic activation or parasympathetic inhibition. Conversely, pupillary constriction may occur with anticipation of a bright stimulus (even in its absence) and relies on a parasympathetic activation. All these reactions are controlled by subcortical and cortical structures that are directly or indirectly connected to the brainstem pupillary innervation system.

The Pupillary Light Reflex in Borderline Diabetics

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kuroda ◽  
H. Taniguchi ◽  
S. Baba ◽  
M. Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Pupillary Light Reflex ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Pupillary Diameter ◽  
Light Reflex ◽  
Pupillary Light ◽  
Photic Stimulus ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Age And Sex

Computerized IR videopupillography, using an open-loop photic stimulator, was used to compare the reflexes of borderline diabetics with overt non-insulin-dependent diabetics and with age- and sex-matched non-diabetic healthy controls. The patients were all male, aged 41–59 years. Overt non-insulin-dependent diabetics in their 40s had a smaller pupillary area and pupillary diameter prior to photic stimulus compared with borderline diabetics and healthy controls. Overt non-insulin-dependent diabetics in their 50s had a lower pupillary area and pupillary diameter prior to photic stimulus, maximum velocity and acceleration of constriction and maximum velocity of dilation than did borderline diabetics or controls. The only abnormality observed among borderline diabetics compared to controls was a smaller amplitude of constriction in response to light in patients in their 50s. Amplitude of constriction in response to light and velocity of constriction measurements of borderline diabetics, however, were considerably more frequently abnormal than were those of controls. The frequency of abnormal pupillary diameter prior to photic stimulus, maximum velocity of dilation and acceleration of constriction was higher in overt non-insulin-dependent diabetics than in borderline diabetics. The results indicate that borderline diabetics have autonomic neuropathy before the disease becomes overt. The importance of the pupillary light reflex examination is discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of Topical Anti-Glaucoma Medications on Late Pupillary Light Reflex, as Evaluated by Pupillometry

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakoor Ba-Ali ◽  
Birgit Sander ◽  
Adam Elias Brøndsted ◽  
Henrik Lund-Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Pupillary Light Reflex ◽  
Light Reflex ◽  
Pupillary Light

scholarly journals Relationship between Human Pupillary Light Reflex and Circadian System Status

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. e0162476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Angeles Bonmati-Carrion ◽  
Konstanze Hild ◽  
Cheryl Isherwood ◽  
Stephen J. Sweeney ◽  
Victoria L. Revell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian System ◽  
Pupillary Light Reflex ◽  
Light Reflex ◽  
Pupillary Light

scholarly journals A role for the ciliary marginal zone in the melanopsin-dependent intrinsic pupillary light reflex

2014 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 8-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma'ayan Semo ◽  
Carlos Gias ◽  
Ahmad Ahmado ◽  
Anthony Vugler
Keyword(s):  
Marginal Zone ◽  
Pupillary Light Reflex ◽  
Light Reflex ◽  
Pupillary Light ◽  
Ciliary Marginal Zone
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document