scholarly journals Neuroethics of death in the United States

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikaela Sifuentes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Inheritance Law ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Definition Of Death ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Universal Definition ◽  
Definition Of

The search for a universal definition of death is a relatively new objective in human history, framed by complex biological, technological, and socio-political factors. While it is widely understood that “life” and “death” describe inverse states of being, what separates these two states has been vigorously debated by scientists, ethicists, and theologians. Far from merely an academic distinction, the definition of death has implications that extend to end-of-life healthcare, organ transplantation, and inheritance law. This review explores the historical and current definitions of death in the United States, the role of technological advances, and the resultant social and legal applications.

scholarly journals Neuroethics of death in the United States

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikaela Sifuentes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Inheritance Law ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Definition Of Death ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Universal Definition ◽  
Definition Of

The search for a universal definition of death is a relatively new objective in human history, framed by complex biological, technological, and socio-political factors. While it is widely understood that “life” and “death” describe inverse states of being, what separates these two states has been vigorously debated by scientists, ethicists, and theologians. Far from merely an academic distinction, the definition of death has implications that extend to end-of-life healthcare, organ transplantation, and inheritance law. This review explores the historical and current definitions of death in the United States, the role of technological advances, and the resultant social and legal applications.

scholarly journals Eight Indicators of Unilateral Pregnancy

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Melchionne
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Unintended Pregnancy ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pregnancy Intention ◽  
Pregnancy Intendedness ◽  
Mothers And Children ◽  
Definition Of

Unintended pregnancy often leads to undesirable outcomes for both mothers and children. However, the definition of unintended pregnancy in the sociology of family formation has been restricted to the intentions of mothers. The intentions of fathers—and, with them, the possible role of disagreement about pregnancy intention—remain outside most conceptual frameworks and research programs. This article draws together a number of indicators of unilateral pregnancy in research on contemporary family formation in the United States. Studies of pregnancy intendedness and contraceptive use consistently provide evidence suggesting a significant role for unilateral pregnancy in family formation. Working on the assumption that unilateral pregnancy presents great potential for social dislocation, this article argues for the integration of the concept of unilateral pregnancy into the theoretical framework informing research on family formation.

scholarly journals Stars in their eyes: magazines and celebrity content

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Fulford
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Film Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Societal Values ◽  
German Sociologist ◽  
Dramatic Arts ◽  
Definition Of

The purpose of this research paper is to examine the celebrity phenomenon as it relates to consumer magazines produced in the United States. Boorstin's definition of the term celebrity is a broad one, encompassing all persons who are known simply for their "well-knownness," regardless of vocation (Boorstin 57). For the purposes of this paper, this classification will be abridged, focussing solely on well-known persons or celebrities engaged in the dramatic arts. George Simmel, a first generation German sociologist whose work has had a seminal influence on the development of modern philosophy and sociology, addresses the role of the actor in shaping public opinion and, in turn, reality. More recently, scholars across a diversity of fields from sociology to film studies, such as Alberoni, Dyer, Gamson, Kellner, and Moran, have examined the influence of celebrities on societal values and culture. Film critic Richard Schickel has gone so far as to call celebrity "possibly the - most vital shaping (that is to say, distorting force) in our society" (xi).

scholarly journals Changing The Landscape Of The Retail Industry In The United States And Wal-Mart Phenomenon: A Brief Review

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Mirmirani
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
The United States ◽  
Competitive Environment ◽  
Retail Industry ◽  
Large Firms ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Recent Developments

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt; mso-pagination: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">This paper provides a quick review of the significant changes that have occurred in the retail industry in the United States. Of particular concern, are the more recent developments that occurred due to technological advances, i.e. E-commerce, and rapid growth in Wal-Mart&rsquo;s operations. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>It is noted that the industry has transitioned from a more competitive environment to an oligopolistic structure in which a few large firms dominate their respective market. The role of Wal-Mart is evaluated and its impact on the economy, in general, and in the retail industry, in particular, is elaborated upon.</span></span></p>

“Standing in the Crater of a Volcano”

2021 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 2-27
Author(s):  
Brent M. S. Campney
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
American West ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Mob Violence ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Arizona Territory ◽  
Definition Of

This study investigates anti-Chinese violence in the American West—focusing primarily on events in the Arizona Territory between 1880 and 1912—and the role of diplomatic relations between the United States and China in tempering the worst excesses of that violence. Recent scholarship asserts that the Chinese rarely suffered lynching and were commonly targeted for other types of violence, including coercion, harassment, and intimidation. Building on that work, this study advances a definition of racist violence that includes a broad spectrum of attacks, including the threat of violence. While affirming that such “subtler” violence achieved many of the same objectives as the “harsher” violence, it seeks to explain why whites used such radically different and less openly violent methods against this minority and explains why this difference mattered. Using these insights to interrogate the complex relationship between the United States and China, this essay shows that Chinese diplomatic influence stifled anti-Chinese mob violence by white Americans. It argues that this relationship denied white racists the same agency against the Chinese immigrants as they possessed against other racial and national minorities and thus forced them to “choose” the “subtler” acts of violence against this group rather than those usually employed against these others.

Shouldn't Dead Be Dead?: The Search for a Uniform Definition of Death

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariane Lewis ◽  
Katherine Cahn-Fuller ◽  
Arthur Caplan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
The United States ◽  
Definition Of Death ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Uniform Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Death By Neurologic Criteria ◽  
The Way

In 1968, the definition of death in the United States was expanded to include not just death by cardiopulmonary criteria, but also death by neurologic criteria. We explore the way the definition has been modified by the medical and legal communities over the past 50 years and address the medical, legal and ethical controversies associated with the definition at present, with a particular highlight on the Supreme Court of Nevada Case of Aden Hailu.

Every Sparrow That Falls: Understanding Animal Rights Activism as Functional Religion

2000 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 305-330
Author(s):  
Wesley V Jamison ◽  
Caspar Wenk ◽  
James V Parker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Religious Belief ◽  
Animal Rights ◽  
The United States ◽  
Religious Movements ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Animal Rights Activism ◽  
Meaningful Role

AbstractThis article reports original research conducted among animal rights activists and elites in Switzerland and the United States, and the finding that activism functioned in activists' and elites' lives like religious belief. The study used reference sampling to select Swiss and American informants.Various articles and activists have identified both latent and manifest quasi-religious components in the contemporary movement Hence, the research followed upon these data and anecdotes and tested the role of activism in adherents' lives. Using extensive interviews, the research discovered that activists and elites conform to the five necessary components of Yinger's definition of functional religion: intense and memorable conversion experiences, newfound communities of meaning, normative creeds, elaborate and well-defined codes of behavior, and cult formation. The article elaborates on that schema in the context of animal rights belief, elucidates the deeply meaningful role of activism within a filigree of meaning, and concludes that the movement is facing schismatic forces not dissimilar to redemptive and religious movements

A Political Economy Approach to U.S. Normalization Policy Toward Cuba

2019 ◽  
pp. 177-202
Author(s):  
Roger R. Betancourt
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Political Agents ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Trump Administration

In this chapter, five contributions are made to advance understanding of U.S.-Cuba relations. First, empirical evidence is provided on outcomes with respect to the flows of persons, goods and services, and capital between Cuba and the United States. While the evidence stresses the last decade, it goes back to the 1990s when feasible and relevant. Second, policies and their implementation by both the U.S. and Cuban governments are viewed as the actions of political agents that provide opportunities and challenges for these outcomes to fluctuate over time in pursuit of a variety of goals. Third, these outcomes are treated as responses of U.S. and Cuban entities and residents as economic agents to the policies and their implementations by the two governments. Fourth, throughout the chapter, interactions between different policies within each country as well as between the two countries are analyzed in terms of their impact on actual outcomes. Finally, in the last substantive section the role of political factors in the two recent U.S. administrations is highlighted to bring out interactions between political and economic dimensions and to illustrate the policies explicitly or implicitly adopted by the Donald Trump administration.

Gender Identity, the Sexed Body, and the Medical Making of Transgender

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1005-1033
Author(s):  
Tara Gonsalves
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
New Formulation ◽  
The Relationship

In this article, I argue that the medical conceptualization of gender identity in the United States has entered a “new regime of truth.” Drawing from a mixed-methods analysis of medical journals, I illuminate a shift in the locus of gender identity from external genitalia and pathologization of families to genes and brain structure and individualized self-conception. The sexed body itself has also undergone a transformation: Sex no longer resides solely in genitalia but has traveled to more visible parts of the body, implicating racialized aesthetic ideals in its new formulation. The re-imagining of gender identity as genetically and neurologically inscribed and the expanding locus of sex correspond to an inversion of the relationship between gender identity and the sexed body as well as shifts in medical jurisdiction. Whereas psychiatrists in the 1960s, ’70s, and ’80s understood gender as stemming from genital sex, the less popular idea that gender identity precedes the sexed body has gained traction in recent decades. If gender identity once derived from the sexed body, the sexed body must now be brought into alignment with gender identity. The increasing legitimacy of self-defined gender identity, the expanding definition of racialized sex, and the inversion of the sex–gender identity relationship elevates the role of surgeons in producing racialized and sexed bodies.

scholarly journals The life and death construct in heart transplant patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana M Palmar-Santos ◽  
Azucena Pedraz-Marcos ◽  
Juan Zarco-Colón ◽  
Milagros Ramasco-Gutiérrez ◽  
Eva García-Perea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Transplant ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
The Body ◽  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Definition Of Death ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Definition Of

Background: The technological advances of medicine, and specifically the techniques of organ transplants, have allowed crossing the border of life and death. This is especially relevant in the case of heart transplant, since its symbolism requires a redefinition not only of these traditional concepts, but also of the body or of one’s own identity. Aims: To explore the experiences of patients after receiving a heart from a donor. Methods: A phenomenological qualitative approach, through Merleau Ponty and Levinas perspectives, was conducted to capture the subjective experiences of heart transplant patients. We conducted 22 in-depth interviews: 12 with heart transplant patients from two hospitals in Madrid (Spain), and 10 with relatives who lived with them. Results: The line between life and death is erased for heart transplant patients. Three main themes arose from the analysis: towards death, the frontier between life and death, and towards life. The need to redefine the concepts of life and death is structured around issues such as the thought of facing one’s own death and the concept of gift and resurrection. Conclusion: Organ transplant techniques open the door to a new definition of death, of the identity of the body and its parts and the limits of life. Considering the cultural, legal, psychological, social and symbolic elements involved in the heart transplant process, a qualitative approach provides new avenues of understanding the clinical process from the patients’ perspective.

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