The effects of participation in a combined exercise program on the metabolic syndrome indices and physical fitness in the obese middle-aged women

Background and Objective. In this study, we attempted to determine whether the C/T polymorphism of the ET-1 gene was significantly associated with changes in several clinical characteristics after the 16-week combined exercise program in overweight middle-aged women. Material and Methods. The C/T polymorphism of the ET-1 gene was assayed using polymerase chain reaction, i.e., the TaqI restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Results. The genetic variation in the ET-1 gene showed a significant association with the serum LDL cholesterol level as well as several parameters of physical fitness, including muscular endurance and power of the participants (P<0.05). In addition, this genetic variation showed a significant association with changes in muscular strength of the participants after the 16-week combined exercise program (P<0.05). Conclusions. Our data suggest that the C/T substitution on intron 4 of the ET-1 gene may be a useful genetic marker influencing muscular strength through a gene-exercise interaction and is associated with an interindividual difference of cardiovascular risk factors and parameters of physical fitness.

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12 Weeks of Combined Exercise Is Better Than Aerobic Exercise for Increasing Growth Hormone in Middle-Aged Women

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism ◽

10.1123/ijsnem.20.1.21 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 21-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Dong-Il Seo ◽

Tae-Won Jun ◽

Kae-Soon Park ◽

Hyukki Chang ◽

Wi-Young So ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Growth Hormone ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Aerobic Exercise Training ◽

Control Group ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Combined Exercise ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Combined Exercise Training

Background:The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of combined exercise training on growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and metabolic-syndrome factors and determine whether the changes in GH and/or IGF-1 induced by exercise correlate to the metabolic-syndrome factors in healthy middle-aged women (50–65 years of age).Methods:The participants were randomly assigned into an aerobic-exercise training (walking + aerobics) group (AEG; n = 7), a combined-exercise training (walking + resistance training) group (CEG; n = 8), or a control group (CG; n = 7). Exercise sessions were performed 3 times per wk for 12 wk. The aerobic-exercise training consisted of walking and aerobics at 60–80% of heart-rate reserve, and the combined-exercise training consisted of walking and resistance exercise at 50–70% of 1-repetition maximum.Results:GH, percentage body fat, fasting glucose, systolic blood pressure, and waist circumference were significantly improved in CEG (p < .05). However, GH induced by exercise training showed no correlation with metabolic-syndrome factors. IGF-1 was not significantly increased in either AEG or CEG compared with CG.Conclusion:These results indicate that the combined-exercise training produced more enhancement of GH, body composition, and metabolic-syndrome factors than did aerobic-exercise training.

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