12 Weeks of Combined Exercise Is Better Than Aerobic Exercise for Increasing Growth Hormone in Middle-Aged Women

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Il Seo ◽  
Tae-Won Jun ◽  
Kae-Soon Park ◽  
Hyukki Chang ◽  
Wi-Young So ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Combined Exercise ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Combined Exercise Training

Background:The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of combined exercise training on growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and metabolic-syndrome factors and determine whether the changes in GH and/or IGF-1 induced by exercise correlate to the metabolic-syndrome factors in healthy middle-aged women (50–65 years of age).Methods:The participants were randomly assigned into an aerobic-exercise training (walking + aerobics) group (AEG; n = 7), a combined-exercise training (walking + resistance training) group (CEG; n = 8), or a control group (CG; n = 7). Exercise sessions were performed 3 times per wk for 12 wk. The aerobic-exercise training consisted of walking and aerobics at 60–80% of heart-rate reserve, and the combined-exercise training consisted of walking and resistance exercise at 50–70% of 1-repetition maximum.Results:GH, percentage body fat, fasting glucose, systolic blood pressure, and waist circumference were significantly improved in CEG (p < .05). However, GH induced by exercise training showed no correlation with metabolic-syndrome factors. IGF-1 was not significantly increased in either AEG or CEG compared with CG.Conclusion:These results indicate that the combined-exercise training produced more enhancement of GH, body composition, and metabolic-syndrome factors than did aerobic-exercise training.

scholarly journals Effects of aerobic exercise of different intensities in the liver of metabolic syndrome animals

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (01) ◽  
pp. 032-036
Author(s):  
L. Sousa ◽  
S. Saucedo ◽  
A. Veloso ◽  
J. Machi ◽  
R. Wichi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nonpharmacological Treatment ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Abstract Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MS) corresponds to a sum of alteration in which, glucose intolerance is characterized as one of the most important. Among these are included: insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, endothelial dysfunction and others Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is also currently cited as a risk factor for MS Studies have demonstrated a strong correlation between physical inactivity and MS. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the effects of aerobic exercise training of different intensities on the liver of metabolic syndrome rats. Methods: 20 male Wistar rats were used and divided into four groups (n=5): control (C) sedentary MS (MS), walking MS (WMS) and running MS (RMS). Fructose-drinking rats received D-fructose (100 g/l). MS Training rats were assigned to a treadmill training protocol at low and moderate intensity during 1 h/day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the livers were collected and submitted to a histological technique (HE). The images were captured and morphometric and stereological analysis of the hepatic tissue were performed. Results: It was verified that MS promoted a hypertrophy of the hepatocytes, a significant increase in the density volume of the hepatocytes, of the Kupffer cells, and hepatic sinusoids, and that, in both intensities (Running and Walking) the exercise training has mitigated the alterations. Conclusions: The data suggest, as nonpharmacological treatment, the walking (low intensity) is the most eficient, able to reverse the alterations caused by metabolic syndrome, the results being approximate to those of control group.

scholarly journals Aerobic exercise training-induced changes in serum C1q/TNF-related protein levels are associated with reduced arterial stiffness in middle-aged and older adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 314 (1) ◽  
pp. R94-R101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natsuki Hasegawa ◽  
Shumpei Fujie ◽  
Naoki Horii ◽  
Masataka Uchida ◽  
Toshiyuki Kurihara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Serum Adiponectin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Middle Aged

Adiponectin regulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase in endothelial cells, and body fat loss by aerobic exercise training promotes adiponectin secretion. Recently, C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related proteins (CTRPs) have been identified as novel adipokines and are paralogs of adiponectin, but the association between exercise training-induced reduction of arterial stiffness and circulating CTRPs levels remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify whether the reduction of arterial stiffness in middle-aged and older adults is associated with the change in serum levels of CTRPs induced by exercise training. A total of 52 middle-aged and older participants were randomly divided into two groups: a training group ( n = 26) and a sedentary control group ( n = 26). Participants in the training group completed 8 wk of aerobic exercise training (60–70% peak oxygen uptake for 45 min, 3 days/wk). The reduction of percent whole body fat, abdominal visceral fat area, and carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity (cfPWV) was significantly greater in the training group than in the control group ( P < 0.05). Moreover, the increase in serum adiponectin, CTRP3, and CTRP5 from baseline to 8 wk was significantly higher in the training group compared with the control group ( P < 0.05). Additionally, the training-induced change in cfPWV was negatively correlated with the training-induced change in serum adiponectin, CTRP3, and CTRP5 levels ( r = −0.51, r = −0.48, r = −0.42, respectively, P < 0.05), and increased plasma nitrite/nitrate level by exercise training was correlated only with adiponectin levels ( r = 0.41, P < 0.05). These results suggest that the exercise training-induced increase in serum CTRPs levels may be associated with the reduction of arterial stiffness in middle-aged and older adults.

scholarly journals Examining Bone, Muscle and Fat in Middle-Aged Long-Term Endurance Runners: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 522
Author(s):  
Ulrike H. Mitchell ◽  
Bruce Bailey ◽  
Patrick J. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Endurance Runners ◽  
Total Body

Aerobic exercise training has many known cardiovascular benefits that may promote healthy aging. It is not known if long-term aerobic exercise training is also associated with structural benefits (e.g., lower fat mass, higher areal bone mineral density (BMD) and greater muscle mass). We evaluated these parameters in middle-aged long-term endurance runners compared to sex-, age-, height-, and weight-matched non-running controls. Total and regional lean and fat mass and areal BMD were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Sagittal magnetic resonance images captured the cross-sectional area and thickness of the lumbar multifidus. Runners (n = 10; all male) had a mean (standard deviation; SD) age of 49 (4) years, height of 178.9 (4.9) cm, weight of 67.8 (5.8) kg, body mass index (BMI) of 21.4 (1.4) kg/m2 and had been running 82.6 (27.9) km/week for 23 (13) years. Controls (n = 9) had a mean (SD) age of 51 (5) years, height of 176.0 (5.1) cm, weight of 72.8 (7.1) kg, and BMI of 23.7 (2.1) kg/m2. BMI was greater in controls (p = 0.010). When compared to controls on average, runners had a 10 percentage-point greater total body lean mass than controls (p = 0.001) and 14% greater trunk lean mass (p = 0.010), as well as less total body (8.6 kg; p < 0.001), arm (58%; p = 0.002), leg (52%; p < 0.001), trunk (73%; p < 0.001), android (91%; p < 0.001), and gynoid fat mass (64%; p < 0.001). No differences were observed between groups for BMD outcomes or multifidus size. These results underscore the benefits of endurance running to body composition that carry over to middle-age.

Effects of resistance or aerobic exercise training on total and regional body composition in sedentary overweight middle-aged adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheyne E. Donges ◽  
Rob Duffield
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Regional Body Composition ◽  
Total Body

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 10 weeks of aerobic endurance training (AET), resistance exercise training (RET), or a control (CON) condition on absolute and relative fat mass (FM) or fat-free mass (FFM) in the total body (TB) and regions of interest (ROIs) of sedentary overweight middle-aged males and females. Following prescreening, 102 subjects underwent anthropometric measurements, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and strength and aerobic exercise testing. Randomized subjects (male RET, n = 16; female RET, n = 19; male AET, n = 16; and female AET, n = 25) completed supervised and periodized exercise programs (AET, 30–50 min cycling at 70%–75% maximal heart rate; RET, 2–4 sets × 8–10 repetitions of 5–7 exercises at 70%–75% 1 repetition maximum) or a nonexercising control condition (male CON, n = 13 and female CON, n = 13). Changes in absolute and relative TB-FM and TB-FFM and ROI-FM and ROI-FFM were determined. At baseline, and although matched for age and body mass index, males had greater strength, aerobic fitness, body mass, absolute and relative TB-FFM and ROI-FFM, but reduced absolute and relative TB-FM and ROI-FM, compared with females (p < 0.05). After training, both female exercise groups showed equivalent or greater relative improvements in strength and aerobic fitness than did the male exercise groups (p < 0.05); however, the male exercise groups increased TB-FFM and reduced TB-FM more than did the female exercise groups (p < 0.05). Male AET altered absolute FM more than male RET altered absolute FFM, thus resulting in a greater enhancement of relative FFM. Despite equivalent or greater responses to RET or AET by female subjects, the corresponding respective increases in FFM or reductions in FM were lower than those in males, indicating that a biased dose–response relationship exists between sexes following 10 weeks of exercise training.

Prenatal exercise and cardiovascular health (PEACH) study: The remote effect of aerobic exercise training on conduit artery and resistance vessel function.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakhbeer Singh Boparai ◽  
Rachel J Skow ◽  
Sauleha Farooq ◽  
Craig D Steinback ◽  
Margie H Davenport
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Intervention

We assessed the impact of a structured lower-limb aerobic exercise training intervention during pregnancy on brachial artery endothelial function, shear rate and patterns, and forearm blood flow and reactive hyperemia. Twenty-seven pregnant women were recruited and randomized into either a control group (n=11; 31.0 ± 0.7 years), or an exercise intervention group (n=16; 32.6 ± 0.9 years; NCT02948439). The exercise group completed 40 minutes of aerobic exercise (50-70% heart rate reserve) 3-4 times per week, between the second and third trimester of pregnancy. Endothelial function was assessed using flow-mediated dilation (FMD, normalized for shear stress) pre- (16-20 weeks) and post-intervention (34-36 weeks). The exercise training group experienced an attenuated increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) relative to the control group (∆MAP exercise: +2± 2 mmHg vs. control: +7±3 mmHg; p=0.044) from pre- to post-intervention. % FMD change corrected for shear stress was not different between groups (p=0.460); however, the post occlusion mean flow rate (exercise: 437±32 mL/min vs. control: 364±35 mL/min; p=0.001) and post occlusion anterograde flow rate (exercise: 438±32 mL/min vs. control: 364±46 mL/min;p=0.001) were larger for the exercise training group compared to controls, post-intervention. Although endothelial function was not different between groups, we observed an increase in microcirculatory dilatory capacity, as suggested by the augmented reactive hyperemia in the exercise training group. Novelty: • Endothelial function was not altered with exercise training during pregnancy. • Exercise training did contribute to improved cardiovascular outcomes, which may have been associated with augmented reactive hyperaemia, indicative of increased microcirculatory dilatory capacity

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