scholarly journals Recruitment Curves during Different Types of Muscle Activity in Non-dominant Hand: A Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-402
Author(s):  
Kapka Mancheva ◽  
◽  
Teodora Vukova ◽  
Georgi Atanasov ◽  
Andon Kossev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Maximum Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Antagonist Muscles ◽  
Co Activation ◽  
Different Types

Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded from first dorsal interosseous muscle of non-dominant hand in response to contralateral transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in seven right-handed healthy volunteers during relaxed muscles (without electromyorgaphic activity and zero force production), isometric index finger abduction (20% of individual measured maximum voluntary contraction in direction of abduction) and co-activation of antagonist muscles (simultaneously activated antagonist muscles, matching level equal to 20% of individual measured maximum voluntary contraction in direction of abduction by increasing the angle stiffness without producing of external force). The excitability of motor cortex was assessed by the amplitudes of MEPs recorded in response to increasing stimulation intensity: 100%, 110%, 120%, 130%, 140% of individually measured motor threshold at relax. The aim of the present study was using the method of transcranial magnetic stimulation to investigate the effect of different types of muscle activity in non-dominant hand. The secondary purpose was to compare new collected data with our previous data about dominant hand. At non-dominant hand we found significant changes between relax condition and each of the two active motor tasks almost at all five investigated TMS intensities. Also, we found that MEP amplitudes during abduction were significantly bigger than MEP amplitudes during co-activation of antagonist muscles, both in non-dominant hand and in dominant hand. We observed changes between MEP amplitudes of non-dominant and dominant hand during the performance of the same motor task.

scholarly journals Motor facilitation during action observation: a magnetic stimulation study

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 2608-2611 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Fadiga ◽  
L. Fogassi ◽  
G. Pavesi ◽  
G. Rizzolatti
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Action Observation ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Hand Muscles ◽  
3D Objects ◽  
The One

1. We stimulated the motor cortex of normal subjects (transcranial magnetic stimulation) while they 1) observed an experimenter grasping 3D-objects, 2) looked at the same 3D-objects, 3) observed an experimenter tracing geometrical figures in the air with his arm, and 4) detected the dimming of a light. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded from hand muscles. 2. We found that MEPs significantly increased during the conditions in which subjects observed movements. The MEP pattern reflected the pattern of muscle activity recorded when the subjects executed the observed actions. 3. We conclude that in humans there is a system matching action observation and execution. This system resembles the one recently described in the monkey.

scholarly journals Pallidotomy Increases Cortical Inhibition in Parkinson's Disease

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Strafella ◽  
P. Ashby ◽  
A. Lozano ◽  
A.E. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Maximum Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Short Latency ◽  
Cortical Inhibition ◽  
First Dorsal Interosseus ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Posteroventral Pallidotomy

ABSTRACT:Background:Pallidotomy helps parkinsonian symptoms. We tested the hypothesis that this might be due to changes in inhibition in the motor cortex.Methods:We examined 15 patients with parkinsonism before and after posteroventral pallidotomy. Magnetic stimuli were delivered over the motor cortex, while subjects maintained a 30% maximum voluntary contraction of the contralateral first dorsal interosseus (FDI).Results:Weak stimuli inhibited voluntary muscle activity, while slightly stronger stimuli caused short latency facilitation from activation of the corticospinal neurons. After pallidotomy magnetic stimulation, at the threshold for the short latency facilitation, resulted in more inhibition than before.Conclusions:Pallidotomy increases cortical inhibition. This may be associated with improved control of movements.

An Investigation of Motor Function in Schizophrenia using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Motor Cortex

1996 ◽  
Vol 169 (6) ◽  
pp. 690-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. Puri ◽  
N. J. Davey ◽  
P. H. Ellaway ◽  
S. W. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Motor Evoked Potential ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
General Hypothesis ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

BackgroundIn this first investigation of motor function in schizophrenia using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), the general hypothesis tested was that this methodology could be used to investigate the disruption of corticospinal inhibitory processes suggested by cognitive and psychophysiological paradigms.MethodNine drug-free DSM–IV schizophrenic patients were compared with nine age- and sex-matched normal subjects. Electromyographic (EMG) recordings were made from the thenar muscles of the dominant hand during sustained, weak voluntary contraction. TMS over a particular threshold applied to the motor cortex would elicit a compound motor evoked potential (cMEP) followed by a period of suppression of EMG.ResultsThe latency of cMEPs following TMS was significantly shorter in the schizophrenic patients. The two groups did not differ significantly with respect to mean latency of suppression of EMG activity, or stimulus thresholds for either cMEPs or EMG suppression.ConclusionThese findings could be the result of a relative lack of corticospinal inhibition of motor responses; a change in the site of TMS activation; or an abnormality of peripheral nervous function in schizophrenia. Drug effects were unlikely since seven of the patients were drug-naïve.

scholarly journals Cerebellar Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Reduces the Silent Period on Hand Muscle Electromyography During Force Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiyoshi Matsugi ◽  
Shinya Douchi ◽  
Kodai Suzuki ◽  
Kosuke Oku ◽  
Nobuhiko Mori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Maximum Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Motor Evoked Potential ◽  
Silent Period ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Resting Motor Threshold ◽  
First Dorsal Interosseous Muscle ◽  
The Right

This study aimed to investigate whether cerebellar transcranial magnetic stimulation (C-TMS) affected the cortical silent period (cSP) induced by TMS over the primary motor cortex (M1) and the effect of interstimulus interval (ISI) on cerebellar conditioning and TMS to the left M1 (M1-TMS). Fourteen healthy adult participants were instructed to control the abduction force of the right index finger to 20% of the maximum voluntary contraction. M1-TMS was delivered during this to induce cSP on electromyograph of the right first dorsal interosseous muscle. TMS over the right cerebellum (C-TMS) was conducted prior to M1-TMS. In the first experiment, M1-TMS intensity was set to 1 or 1.3 × resting motor threshold (rMT) with 20-ms ISI. In the second experiment, the intensity was set to 1 × rMT with ISI of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, or 80 ms, and no-C-TMS trials were inserted. In results, cSP was significantly shorter in 1 × rMT condition than in 1.3 × rMT by C-TMS, and cSP was significantly shorter for ISI of 20–40 ms than for the no-C-TMS condition. Further, motor evoked potential for ISI40-60 ms were significantly reduced than that for ISI0. Thus, C-TMS may reduce cSP induced by M1-TMS with ISI of 20–40 ms.

scholarly journals Reliability of diaphragmatic motor-evoked potentials induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 129 (6) ◽  
pp. 1393-1404
Author(s):  
Joseph F. Welch ◽  
Patrick J. Argento ◽  
Gordon S. Mitchell ◽  
Emily J. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Surface Emg ◽  
Noninvasive Technique ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Latency Duration ◽  
Excellent Reproducibility

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive technique to assess neural impulse conduction along the cortico-diaphragmatic pathway. The reliability of diaphragm motor-evoked potentials (MEP) induced by TMS is unknown. Notwithstanding large variability in MEP amplitude, we found good-to-excellent reproducibility of all MEP characteristics (latency, duration, amplitude, and area) both within- and between-day in healthy adult men and women. Our findings support the use of TMS and surface EMG to assess diaphragm activation in humans.

scholarly journals Intracortical and Intercortical Motor Disinhibition to Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Newly Diagnosed Celiac Disease Patients

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1530
Author(s):  
Francesco Fisicaro ◽  
Giuseppe Lanza ◽  
Carmela Cinzia D’Agate ◽  
Raffaele Ferri ◽  
Mariagiovanna Cantone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Silent Period ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Transcallosal Inhibition ◽  
Resting Motor Threshold

Background: Celiac disease (CD) may present or be complicated by neurological and neuropsychiatric manifestations. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) probes brain excitability non-invasively, also preclinically. We previously demonstrated an intracortical motor disinhibition and hyperfacilitation in de novo CD patients, which revert back after a long-term gluten-free diet (GFD). In this cross-sectional study, we explored the interhemispheric excitability by transcallosal inhibition, which has never been investigated in CD. Methods: A total of 15 right-handed de novo, neurologically asymptomatic, CD patients and 15 age-matched healthy controls were screened for cognitive and depressive symptoms to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), respectively. TMS consisted of resting motor threshold, amplitude, latency, and duration of the motor evoked potentials, duration and latency of the contralateral silent period (cSP). Transcallosal inhibition was evaluated as duration and latency of the ipsilateral silent period (iSP). Results: MoCA and HDRS scored significantly worse in patients. The iSP and cSP were significantly shorter in duration in patients, with a positive correlation between the MoCA and iSP. Conclusions: An intracortical and interhemispheric motor disinhibition was observed in CD, suggesting the involvement of GABA-mediated cortical and callosal circuitries. Further studies correlating clinical, TMS, and neuroimaging data are needed.

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