Correlations Among Foot Arching, Ankle Dorsiflexion Range of Motion, and Obesity Level in Primary School Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Jankowicz-Szymanska ◽  
Edyta Mikolajczyk ◽  
Katarzyna Wodka
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
School Children ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Ankle Dorsiflexion ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Flat Feet

Background: This study sought to assess the prevalence of flat feet in primary school children and to find correlations among arch height, ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM), and obesity level. Methods: The 400 children aged 10 to 12 years who took part in the study had their body height, weight, and fat percentage measured. Based on these measurements, body mass index was calculated and weight status was categorized for all of the participants. The height of the longitudinal arch of the foot was measured on a computerized podoscope and given in Clarke's angles. Dorsiflexion ROM was assessed with the child in the nonweightbearing sitting position with the knees 90° flexed. The arithmetic mean and standard deviation were implemented to analyze the data. Intergroup differences were assessed by Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, and post hoc Tukey tests. Significance was accepted at P = .05. Results: Flat feet were found in 36% of participants; limited ROM was found in both feet in 25% of participants and in one foot in 12%. No significant differences in dorsiflexion ROM in children with high-arched, normal, and flat feet were revealed. Excessive body weight was disclosed in 21% of participants. Overweight and obese children had significantly lower foot arches and notably smaller ankle dorsiflexion ROM than those with normal weight. Conclusions: Ankle dorsiflexion ROM is similar in children with high-arched, normal, and flat feet. However, limited dorsiflexion ROM is more often found in children with excessive weight.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Primary School Children Aged 8–13 Years in Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail N. Pangani ◽  
Festus K. Kiplamai ◽  
Jane W. Kamau ◽  
Vincent O. Onywera
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background. The understanding of obesity as a growing health problem in Africa and Tanzania in particular is hampered by lack of data as well as sociocultural beliefs in which overweight and obesity are revered. This study sought to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among primary school children aged 8–13 years in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.Method. A cross-sectional analytical research design was used to study overweight and obesity in primary schools in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The target population was 150,000 children aged 8–13 years. Stratified random sampling was used to select 1781 children. Weight and height were taken and WHO standards for children were used to determine weight status.Results. Findings showed that the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 15.9% and 6.7%, respectively (N=1781). However, 6.2% of the children were underweight. There were significant differences in mean BMI between children in private and public schools (p=0.021), between male and female (p<0.001), and across age groups of 8–10 and 11–13 years (p<0.001).Conclusion. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among primary school children is significant and requires management and prevention strategies.

scholarly journals The Comparison of Children’s Anthropometrics and Motor Performance Relative Body Mass Index using Principle Component Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.34) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Mohamad Razali Abdullah ◽  
Nuruaslizawati Ayob ◽  
Siti Musliha Mat-Rasid ◽  
Hafizan Juahir ◽  
Rabiu Muazu Musa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
School Children ◽  
Factor Loading ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Motor Proficiency ◽  
Principle Components Analysis ◽  
Hand Eye Coordination

This study aims to compare dominant factors of anthropometrics and motor component among children relative body mass index. A total 5819 primary school children (3243 boys and 2576 girls) aged 7.30±0.28 years old were subdivided into four groups according their Body Mass Index (BMI) namely underweight group (UWG), normal weight group (NWG), overweight group (OWG) and obese group (OBG). The parameters involved in this study are weight, height, standing broad jump (SBJ), sit and reach (SAR), hand wall toss (HWT) and 20 meter run (20MR). Method of Principle Components Analysis (PCA) was employed to ascertain the domain factors parameters for each BMI group. For boys and girls, initial PCA identifies two components with higher Eigen value (> 1). In first component VF1 for boys and girls, PCA after varimax rotation revealed two varifactors that are weight (> 0.90) and height (> 0.80) for all BMI group. Otherwise, second component VF2 for boys and girls revealed high factor loading on low muscular strength, hand-eye coordination and speed. This study indicates there is direct effect between motor proficiency and BMI among preschool population and revealed that primary school children with high body mass may have lower motor proficiency on explosive strength, coordination and speed compared with normal body mass. 

Pattern and Distribution of Ocular Morbidity in Primary School Children of Rural Delhi

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Chaturvedi ◽  
O. P. Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Ocular Diseases ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Ocular Morbidity

A total of 679 primary school children drawn from developed southern parts and underdeveloped eastern parts of Delhi were examined for ocular morbidity. Their age range was 5-15 years and both sexes had almost equal representation. The prevalence of eye diseases was relatively high. Over 40 percent of all the children studied had one or more ocular problems. Trachoma (18%) was the most common ocular morbidity followed by vitamin A deficiency (10.6%), visual acuity <6/9 (7.4%) and apparent / latent squint (7.4%). In most of these eye disorders, the majority of the children came from the underdeveloped eastern parts of Delhi. Ocular morbidity seems to be unevenly distributed in rural Delhi with a significantly worse picture in the underdeveloped eastern parts, across the river ‘Yamuna’. Though blinding trachoma may cease to be a major problem in India, the country continues to have endemic pockets of its non-blinding form. One puzzling observation was that children with protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) did not show any specific vulnerability to ocular diseases. In fact, those with normal weight-height index were having a higher share of eye diseases. Though this issue needs to be explored further in the light of biological plausibility, it appears that children who do not have PEM are also exposed to ocular diseases at least with comparable risk.

scholarly journals Childhood Obesity in Serbia on the Rise

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 409
Author(s):  
Lidija Marković ◽  
Višnja Đorđić ◽  
Nebojša Trajković ◽  
Predrag Božić ◽  
Szabolcs Halaši ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Monitoring And Surveillance ◽  
Nationally Representative

The aim of the study was to examine changes in obesity prevalence among primary school children in Serbia between 2015 and 2019 rounds of the national WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI-Serbia). Cross-sectional studies were conducted in 2015 and 2019. The nationally representative samples of primary school children were measured for body height and weight, following the COSI protocol. Body Mass Index was calculated, and the IOTF and WHO definitions were used to classify children as overweight or obese. Participants were children of both sexes aged 7.00–8.99 years (n = 6105). Significant differences in overweight (obesity included) prevalence between two COSI rounds were identified regardless of definitions applied. According to the WHO definitions, prevalence of overweight and obesity combined increased in 7–9-year-old children in Serbia from 30.7% in 2015 to 34.8% in 2019 (z = −3.309, p < 0.05), and according to the IOTF standards, the increase from 22.8% to 30% was registered (z = −6.08, p = 0.00). The childhood overweight/obesity rate is increasing in Serbia, which places monitoring and surveillance of children’s nutritional status high on the public health agenda.

scholarly journals Weight status, physical activity and self-concept in primary school children

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Rosa Guillamón ◽  
Eliseo García Cantó ◽  
Pedro José Carrillo López
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Self Concept

scholarly journals Body Fat Percentage and Level of Aerobic Capacity among Students from Upper Primary School

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
K.G. SOH ◽  
K. L. K. L. SOH ◽  
Marjohan Marjohan JAMALIS ◽  
Mohd Sofian O. F. ◽  
LIM P.Y. LIM
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
School Children ◽  
The Body ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
General Studies ◽  
The Relationship

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese. The rising standard of living in Malaysia has seen changes to its population. Obesity and other diseases of wealth are appearing in younger and younger people, resulting in the need for sports or exercise to stay fit and healthy. Studies have shown an inverse relationship between body fat percentage and aerobic capacity in children (Coleman et al., 2004). However, from the general studies, little is known specifically about Chinese primary school children. Therefore, this research aims to study the body fat and aerobic capacity of Chinese primary school children in Kajang, as possible representative of the national population. It will also ascertain whether there is any gender bias in the relationship. Two hundred and forty students were studied, from Years 4 and 5, equally divided between the sexes. The body fat percentage was determined using the skinfold method on the triceps and calf. After the fat measurement, the subjects were asked to perform the PACER bleep test to assess their aerobic capacity. The boys were found to be significantly superior in aerobic capacity (t = 1.35, p < 0.18) despite having higher body fiat. There was a low negative correlation between body fat and aerobic capacity (r = -0.28, n = 240, p < 0.01) among the children which was highly significant because of the large number of samples. In conclusion, 27.50% of the subjects were founds to have moderately high to very high percentage of body fat confirming the need to exercise to stay fit and healthy among this age group, especially among the boys. 馬來西亞的人口變化提高了人們的生活水準。肥胖和其他富貴疾病都出現于少年和年輕人，導致人們必須多做運動來保持健壯-Coleman et. al., (2004)的研究證明了兒童的體脂肪率和有氧容量之間的相反關係。然而，從一般上的研究，在華小兒童兩者之間的關係明確少知。所以，此探索的目的是研究在加影區某間華小兒童的體脂肪和有氧容量，盡可能作為國家人口的代表性。借此也探知兩者之間的關係是否有任何性別偏見。研究中共有240位由4、5年級平分的男女學生參與。研究運用測量三肌肉及腓皮膚表層的方法來固定體脂肪率。測量脂肪後，受試者需履行往返距離20米的PACER測驗來估算他們的有氧容量。儘管那些男生擁有較高的體脂肪，他們卻有卓越顯著的有氧容量(t=1.35, p<0.18)。因為受試者的人數眾多，有效的反映出兒童之間的體脂肪與有氧容量有低陰性關係(r=-0.28, n=240, p<0.01)。總結來説，14.17%的受試者擁有高或很高的體脂肪率，確認了這年齡的兒童特別是男生必需做運動來保持健壯。

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