Effect of cast and noncast foot orthoses on plantar pressure and force during normal gait

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 441-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Redmond ◽  
PS Lumb ◽  
K Landorf
Keyword(s):  
Contact Area ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Foot Orthoses ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Normal Gait ◽  
Foot Function ◽  
Foot Orthosis

A variety of plantar pressure and force measures were explored in 22 healthy individuals with excessive pronation. The measures were obtained while the subjects wore a thin-soled athletic shoe alone, a modified Root foot orthosis made from a neutral cast, and a flat noncast insole with a 6 degrees varus rearfoot post. The data obtained from subjects wearing the noncast insole differed only minimally from those obtained while they were wearing the shoe only. In contrast, the modified Root orthosis had a profound effect on foot function. Heel forces and pressures were reduced, and the rearfoot contact area was increased. Measures of force in the midfoot demonstrated substantial increases in load in this region, but the increase in area associated with the contoured device resulted in no increase in midfoot pressure measurements. Forefoot pressures were reduced both medially and laterally with the cast device in place.

In-Shoe Plantar Pressures Within Ankle-Foot Orthoses

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 2679-2685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca S. Kearney ◽  
Sarah E. Lamb ◽  
Juul Achten ◽  
Nicholas R. Parsons ◽  
Matthew L. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Achilles Tendon Rupture ◽  
Foot Orthoses ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Clinical Context ◽  
Functional Benefit ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Ankle Foot Orthoses

Background: Advances in the management of Achilles tendon rupture have led to the development of immediate weightbearing protocols. These vary regarding which ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) are used and the number of inserted heel wedges used within them. Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate plantar pressure measurements and temporal gait parameters within different AFOs, using different numbers of heel wedges. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Fifteen healthy participants were evaluated using 3 different AFOs, with 4 different levels of inserted heel wedges. Therefore, a total of 12 conditions were evaluated, in a sequence that was randomly allocated to each participant. Pressure and temporal gait parameters were measured using an in-shoe F-Scan pressure system, and range of movement was measured using an electrogoniometer. Results: Ankle-foot orthoses that were restrictive in design, combined with a higher number of inserted heel wedges, reduced forefoot pressures, increased heel pressures, and decreased the amount of time spent in the terminal stance and preswing phase of the gait cycle ( P = .029, .002, and .001). Conclusion: The choice of AFO design and the number of inserted heel wedges have a significant effect on plantar pressure measurements and temporal gait parameters. The implications of these changes need to be applied to the clinical management of acute Achilles tendon ruptures. This clinical management requires a balance between protected weightbearing and functional loading, requiring further research within a clinical context. Clinical Relevance: The biomechanical data from this research imply that a carbon-fiber AFO, with 1 heel raise, protects against excessive dorsiflexion while facilitating the restoration of near-normal gait parameters. This could lead to an accelerated return to function, avoiding the effects of disuse atrophy. This is in contrast to the rigid rocker-bottom AFO design with a greater number of heel-wedge inserts. However, research within a clinical context would be required to ascertain if these biomechanical advantages translate into a functional benefit for patients. The results should also be considered in relation to the amount of force a healing Achilles tendon can withstand.

Effect of 4 Weeks of Foot Orthosis Intervention on Ambulatory Capacities and Posture in Normal-Weight and Obese Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Griffon ◽  
Bruno Vie ◽  
Jean Paul Weber ◽  
Yves Jammes
Keyword(s):  
Postural Sway ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Foot Orthoses ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Foot Arch ◽  
Foot Orthosis ◽  
Study Inclusion

Background: Several works have shown the benefits of foot orthosis intervention on postural stability in healthy individuals and patients with foot malalignment. However, the effects of foot orthoses on the daily ambulatory activities explored by the Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) were never examined. We hypothesized that foot orthoses could increase the gait distance and attenuate the post-6MWT posture alterations already reported in healthy individuals. Methods: In ten normal-weight (NW) and ten obese patients with foot malalignment and/or abnormal foot arch, we examined the benefits of 4 weeks of custom-molded orthosis intervention (D30) on 6MWT gait distance, fatigue sensation scores, ankle plantarflexion force, and post-6MWT sway of the center of pressure (COP) measured by a pedobarographic platform. Data were compared with those measured in two control-matched groups of ten NW and ten obese individuals, explored at study inclusion and at D30. Results: At study inclusion, the post-6MWT changes in COP surface and the medial and lateral COP deviations were significantly higher in obese participants who needed to wear the foot orthoses compared with obese control subjects. The foot orthosis intervention significantly improved the ambulatory performances of NW and obese individuals during the 6MWT, attenuated the bodily fatigue sensation after the 6MWT, and reduced the post-6MWT COP deviations, with the benefits of insoles being significantly accentuated in obese participants. Conclusions: Four weeks of foot orthosis intervention significantly increases gait distance and is an effective means to reduce postural sway after walking.

scholarly journals Pattern of Alteration in Foot Mechanics When Carrying Loads Unilaterally in Hand

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepashini Harithasan ◽  
Baharudin Omar ◽  
Aatit Paungmali
Keyword(s):  
Contact Area ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Navicular Drop ◽  
Q Angle ◽  
Pressure Maximum ◽  
The Right ◽  
Paired T Test

PURPOSE: Carrying weight in one hand is a common functional activity. This study investigated the effects of incremental loads carried in one hand unilaterally and its influence on the foot mechanics [plantar pressure, maximum force and contact area]. METHOD: Twenty healthy individuals were tested, in standing and walking, while carrying different weights (no load, 5 kg, 7.5 kg and 10 kg) using their right hand. ANCOVA was conducted separately for the right and left leg to address the effect of incremental loads on the foot mechanics within each leg with navicular drop index and Q angle as covariates. Paired t-test was conducted to address the effect of different loads on the foot mechanics between the legs. RESULTS: Results showed a significant increase in plantar pressure (pCONCLUSION: The fundamental changes in foot mechanics under the influence of different loads may be used to interpret the changes seen in the foot mechanics among different pathological condition.

In-shoe plantar pressure measurements for the evaluation and adaptation of foot orthoses in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A proof of concept study

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marloes Tenten-Diepenmaat ◽  
Joost Dekker ◽  
Menno Steenbergen ◽  
Elleke Huybrechts ◽  
Leo D. Roorda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Foot Orthoses ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Concept Study

Effect of medial arch support foot orthosis on plantar pressure distribution in females with mild-to-moderate hallux valgus after one month of follow-up

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maede Farzadi ◽  
Zahra Safaeepour ◽  
Mohammad E Mousavi ◽  
Hassan Saeedi
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Hallux Valgus ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Foot Orthoses ◽  
First Metatarsal ◽  
Plantar Pressure Distribution ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Arch Support ◽  
Foot Orthosis

Background:Higher plantar pressures at the medial forefoot are reported in hallux valgus. Foot orthoses with medial arch support are considered as an intervention in this pathology. However, little is known about the effect of foot orthoses on plantar pressure distribution in hallux valgus.Objectives:To investigate the effect of a foot orthosis with medial arch support on pressure distribution in females with mild-to-moderate hallux valgus.Study design:Quasi-experimental.Methods:Sixteen female volunteers with mild-to-moderate hallux valgus participated in this study and used a medial arch support foot orthosis for 4 weeks. Plantar pressure for each participant was assessed using the Pedar-X®in-shoe system in four conditions including shoe-only and foot orthosis before and after the intervention.Results:The use of the foot orthosis for 1 month led to a decrease in peak pressure and maximum force under the hallux, first metatarsal, and metatarsals 3–5 ( p < 0.05). In the medial midfoot region, peak pressure, maximum force, and contact area were significantly higher with the foot orthosis than shoe-only before and after the intervention ( p = 0.00).Conclusion:A foot orthosis with medial arch support could reduce pressure beneath the hallux and the first metatarsal head by transferring the load to the other regions. It would appear that this type of foot orthosis can be an effective method of intervention in this pathology.Clinical relevanceFindings of this study will improve the clinical knowledge about the effect of the medial arch support foot orthosis used on plantar pressure distribution in hallux valgus pathology.

Changes in Foot Function with the Use of Root and Blake Orthoses

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 184-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lloyd Reed ◽  
Paul J. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Pressure Measurement ◽  
System Reliability ◽  
Stance Phase ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Foot Orthoses ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Reliability Testing ◽  
Foot Function ◽  
Pressure Measurement System

This study examined the effects of two designs of rigid foot orthoses on plantar pressure measurements and identified differences between the devices. While wearing modified Root- and Blake-style orthoses, 27 subjects were examined with the Electrodynogram (EDG) in-shoe pressure measurement system. Reliability testing was performed on the EDG data. Significant changes were observed in the temporal parameters of gait when subjects wore the orthoses. When the devices were used, the duration of some of the components of stance phase was altered, and the initiation of loading beneath the medial forefoot was delayed. A reduction in the total duration of loading at discrete sites beneath the heel and forefoot was also observed. The effects of the two orthoses were similar, with only small differences observed between the devices. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 91(4): 184-193, 2001)

scholarly journals Comparison of plantar pressure distribution patterns between foot orthoses provided by the CAD-CAM and foam impression methods

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. W. Ki ◽  
A. K. L. Leung ◽  
A. N. M. Li
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Maximum Force ◽  
Foot Orthoses ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Partial Weight ◽  
Foot Orthosis

Foot orthotic treatment is one of the major conservative methods used to handle foot problems. Total plantar contact foot orthoses are used to reduce and redistribute peak pressures. For the fabrication of a total plantar contact foot orthosis, the computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) method has been applied. In this study, the plantar foot-orthosis interface pressure data during walking were collected by the Novel Pedar-mobile in-shoe plantar pressure measuring system. The data were collected under three conditions: (i) Flat insole, (ii) foot orthosis provided by the CAD-CAM method, and (iii) foot orthosis provided by the foam impression method. The Swiss Comfort CAD-CAM foot orthotics system was used in this study. For conditions (ii) and (iii), foot shapes were collected in partial weight bearing and subtalar neutral conditions. Thirty normal subjects were recruited for this study. The plantar foot surface was divided into eight plantar foot regions and then was investigated. These regions included the heel, the medial and lateral arches, the medial, mid and lateral forefoot, the hallux, and the lateral toes. The results showed that the orthoses provided by both the CAD-CAM and foam impression methods could decrease the peak pressure and the maximum force in the heel region, and increase the peak pressure and the maximum force in the medial arch region. Both orthoses redistributed the peak pressure and the maximum force from the heel to the medial arch region. The peak pressure in the mid forefoot region was different between the orthoses provided by the CAD-CAM and foam impression methods.

Casting Methods and Plantar Pressure

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick A. Guldemond ◽  
Pieter Leffers ◽  
Antal P. Sanders ◽  
Hans Emmen ◽  
Nicolaas C. Schaper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Area ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Neutral Position ◽  
Foot Orthoses ◽  
Contact Areas ◽  
Plantar Surface ◽  
Plantar Pressure Distribution ◽  
Plaster Casting ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Peak Pressures

Foot orthoses are widely used to treat various foot problems. A literature search revealed no publications on differences in plantar pressure distribution resulting from casting methods for foot orthoses. Four casting methods were used for construction of orthoses. Two foam box techniques were used: accommodative full weightbearing method (A) and functional semiweightbearing method (B). Also, two suspension plaster casting techniques were used: accommodative casting (C) and functional subtalar joint neutral position (Root) method (D). Their effects on contact area, plantar pressure, and walking convenience were evaluated. All orthoses increased the total contact area (mean, 17.4%) compared with shoes without orthoses. Differences in contact areas between orthoses for total plantar surface were statistically significant. Peak pressures for the total plantar surface were lower with orthoses than without orthoses (mean, 22.8%). Among orthoses, only the difference between orthoses A and B was statistically significant. Differences between orthoses for the forefoot were small and not statistically significant. The gait lines of the shoe without an insole and of the accommodative orthoses are more medially located than those of functional orthoses. Walking convenience in the shoe was better rated than that with orthoses. There were no differences in perception of walking convenience between orthoses A, B, and C. Orthosis D had the lowest convenience rating. The four casting methods resulted in differences between orthoses with respect to contact areas and walking convenience but only slight differences in peak pressures. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 96(1): 9–18, 2006)

scholarly journals Comparison of the Plantar Pressure and Foot Function and Range of Motion in Distance Runners With the Normal, Pronated, and Supinated Feet During Static Standing

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Navid Keivanfar ◽  
Azadeh Shadmehr ◽  
Khadijeh Otadi ◽  
Seyed Mohsen Mir ◽  
Saman Salehi
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
Foot Function ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the foot function, range of motion, plantar pressure, and plantar contact area in the distance runners with normal, pronated, highly-pronated, supinated, and highly-supinated foot posture groups during static standing.Materials and Methods: In this comparative cross-sectional study, a total of 75 distance runners were divided into 5 groups using the foot posture index. The foot function and knee and foot range of motion were assessed using the Foot And Ankle Ability Measure questionnaire (FAAM) and the goniometer, respectively. The mean of the plantar pressure percentage and the mean of the contact area on the forefoot and rearfoot were investigated during static standing. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the outcomes between the groups.Results: Among the groups, the normal foot group showed the highest scores in the activities of daily living subscale and sport subscale. Compared with the other groups, the highly-pronated foot group had a significantly greater range of motion in the ankle plantar flexion (P<0.002), and the normal foot group showed more range of motion in the first metatarsophalangeal extension (P<0.0001). In all groups, the mean plantar pressure percentage on the rearfoot was greater than the mean plantar pressure percentage on the forefoot. Of the groups, the highly-supinated foot group showed the highest plantar pressure percentage on the rearfoot (P<0.0001). However, the highly-pronated foot group showed the highest plantar pressure percentage and the largest contact area on the forefoot (P<0.0001) and the rearfoot (P>0.0001), respectively.Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the foot posture is an important option that could affect function and range of motion of foot and ankle and distribution of the plantar pressure and plantar contact area.

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