scholarly journals Pattern of Alteration in Foot Mechanics When Carrying Loads Unilaterally in Hand

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepashini Harithasan ◽  
Baharudin Omar ◽  
Aatit Paungmali
Keyword(s):  
Contact Area ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Navicular Drop ◽  
Q Angle ◽  
Pressure Maximum ◽  
The Right ◽  
Paired T Test

PURPOSE: Carrying weight in one hand is a common functional activity. This study investigated the effects of incremental loads carried in one hand unilaterally and its influence on the foot mechanics [plantar pressure, maximum force and contact area]. METHOD: Twenty healthy individuals were tested, in standing and walking, while carrying different weights (no load, 5 kg, 7.5 kg and 10 kg) using their right hand. ANCOVA was conducted separately for the right and left leg to address the effect of incremental loads on the foot mechanics within each leg with navicular drop index and Q angle as covariates. Paired t-test was conducted to address the effect of different loads on the foot mechanics between the legs. RESULTS: Results showed a significant increase in plantar pressure (pCONCLUSION: The fundamental changes in foot mechanics under the influence of different loads may be used to interpret the changes seen in the foot mechanics among different pathological condition.

Efficacy of Plantar Loading Parameters During Gait in Terms of Reliability, Variability, Effect of Gender and Relationship Between Contact Area and Plantar Pressure

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darlene F. Murphy ◽  
Bruce D. Beynnon ◽  
James D. Michelson ◽  
Pamela M. Vacek
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Radiographic Measurements ◽  
Multiple Trials ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Right

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine plantar pressure and contact areas of the foot inside the athletic shoe during activity. The objectives were to determine if plantar pressure and contact area measurements collected on multiple trials from the same subject were reliable, to determine the variability of measurements between subjects as compared to that found between steps within a single subject, to determine the relationship between contact area and plantar pressure, and to ascertain whether there were any systematic gender differences in these measurements. Methods: Sixteen healthy adults volunteered for participation in the first part of the study that was designed to determine reliability and variability of the testing methodology. A separate group of fifty healthy high school and collegiate athletes participating in soccer, field hockey, basketball, and lacrosse comprised the second part of the study that was designed to investigate gender differences in terms of normalized midfoot plantar pressure and contact area, and the interrelationship between the two measurements. Data were collected during the midstance phase of gait, using the Pedar inshoe measurement system (Novel GMBH, St. Paul, MN). Athletes wore their own athletic shoes and performed walking trials on a surface similar to that used in their sport. The foot was divided into four regions based on radiographic measurements. Results: The midfoot region demonstrated excellent reliability across multiple trials of the same subject in contact area and plantar pressure, and the variability between steps within a single subject was small when compared to that between subjects. Normalized midfoot contact area and plantar pressure values were highly correlated with r values of 0.862 on the left foot and. 912 on the right foot. No significant differences were found in normalized midfoot contact area or plantar pressure values between males and females. Conclusions: The Pedar in-shoe pressure measurement system can be used reliably to quantify contact area and plantar pressure beneath the midfoot region during the midstance phase of gait. This measurement technique can now be used in risk factor studies designed to identify individuals at risk for injury to the foot, ankle, and other lower extremity structures.

scholarly journals Plantar Pressure and Contact Area Measurement of Foot Abnormalities in Stroke Rehabilitation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1213
Author(s):  
Ligia Rusu ◽  
Elvira Paun ◽  
Mihnea Ion Marin ◽  
Jude Hemanth ◽  
Mihai Robert Rusu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Area ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Final Evaluation ◽  
Area Measurement ◽  
Initial Moment ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Right

Background: Evaluation of plantar pressure in stroke patients is a parameter that could be used for monitoring and comparing how the timing of starting a rehabilitation program effects patient improvement. Methods: We performed the following clinical and functional evaluations: initial moment (T1), intermediate (T2), and final evaluation at one year (T3). At T1 we studied 100 stroke patients in two groups, A and B (each 50 patients). The first group, A, started rehabilitation in the first three months after having a stroke, and group B started after three months from the time of stroke. Due to the impediments observed during rehabilitation, we made biomechanic evaluation for two lots, I and II (each 25 patients). Assessment of the patient was carried out by clinical (neurologic examination), functional (using the Tinetti Functional Gait Assessment Test for classifying the gait), and biomechanical evaluation (maximal plantar pressure (Pmax), contact area (CA), and pressure distribution (COP)). Results: The Tinetti scale for gait had the following scores: for group A, from 1.34 at the initial moment (T1) to 10.64 at final evaluation (T3), and for group B, 3.08 at initial moment (T1) to 9 at final evaluation (T3). Distribution of COP in the left hemiparesis was uneven at T1 but evolved after rehabilitation. The right hemiparesis had uniform COP distribution even at T1, explained by motor dominance on the right side. CA and Pmax for lot I increased more than 100%, meaning that there is a possibility for favorable improvement if the patients start the rehabilitation program in the first three months after stroke. For lot II, increases of the parameters were less than lot I. Discussions: The recovery potential is higher for patients with right hemiparesis. Biomechanic evaluation showed diversity regarding compensatory mechanisms for the paretic and nonparetic lower limb. Conclusions: CA and Pmax are relevant assessments for evaluating the effects on timing of starting a rehabilitation program after a stroke.

Effect of cast and noncast foot orthoses on plantar pressure and force during normal gait

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 441-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Redmond ◽  
PS Lumb ◽  
K Landorf
Keyword(s):  
Contact Area ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Foot Orthoses ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Normal Gait ◽  
Foot Function ◽  
Foot Orthosis

A variety of plantar pressure and force measures were explored in 22 healthy individuals with excessive pronation. The measures were obtained while the subjects wore a thin-soled athletic shoe alone, a modified Root foot orthosis made from a neutral cast, and a flat noncast insole with a 6 degrees varus rearfoot post. The data obtained from subjects wearing the noncast insole differed only minimally from those obtained while they were wearing the shoe only. In contrast, the modified Root orthosis had a profound effect on foot function. Heel forces and pressures were reduced, and the rearfoot contact area was increased. Measures of force in the midfoot demonstrated substantial increases in load in this region, but the increase in area associated with the contoured device resulted in no increase in midfoot pressure measurements. Forefoot pressures were reduced both medially and laterally with the cast device in place.

Effect of a Low-Dye Application of Scotchcast Soft Cast on Peak and Mean Plantar Pressures in Subjects with a Navicular Drop Greater than 10 mm

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 457-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie L. Walters ◽  
Belinda S. Lange ◽  
Lucy S. Chipchase
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Plantar Pressures ◽  
Navicular Drop ◽  
Plantar Pressure Distribution ◽  
Foot Pronation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Platform System

Background: We investigated whether a low-Dye application of Scotchcast Soft Cast significantly altered plantar pressure distribution during gait in patients with a navicular drop greater than 10 mm. Methods: An experimental, same-subject, repeated-measures design was used. Thirty-two subjects aged 18 to 35 years were screened with the navicular drop test and were included if a navicular drop greater than 10 mm was established. The Emed-AT-2 platform system was used to measure the plantar pressure distribution under the right foot of each subject using the midgait method of data collection. Each subject performed six barefoot walks and six walks with Soft Cast applied to the right foot. Average peak and mean plantar pressure measurements were recorded for ten discrete areas (masks). The heel and midfoot were each divided into two masks, and the forefoot and toe regions were divided into three masks each. Paired t tests were used to detect differences in peak and mean plantar pressures for each mask. Results: Soft Cast significantly affected peak and mean plantar pressures in seven and nine of the ten masks, respectively. No significant change in peak or mean plantar pressure was found beneath the medial midfoot. Conclusion: Plantar pressure may represent dynamic foot and ankle joint motion. With further research, Soft Cast may provide an alternative to current management techniques in controlling foot pronation and reducing symptoms of lower-limb abnormalities. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 98(6): 457–465, 2008)

Effects of Different External Supports on Plantar Pressure-Time Integral and Contact Area in Flexible Flatfoot

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Banu Ünver ◽  
Nilgün Bek
Keyword(s):  
Contact Area ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Dynamic Pressure ◽  
Foot Orthoses ◽  
Time Integral ◽  
Pressure Time ◽  
Flexible Flatfoot ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
External Supports ◽  
The Right

Background Flexible flatfoot disturbs the load distribution of the foot. Various external supports are used to prevent abnormal plantar loading in flexible flatfoot. However, few studies have compared the effects of different external supports on plantar loading in flexible flatfoot. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of elastic taping, nonelastic taping, and custom-made foot orthoses on plantar pressure-time integral and contact area in flexible flatfoot. Methods Twenty-seven participants with flexible flatfoot underwent dynamic pedobarographic analysis while barefoot and with elastic tape, nonelastic tape, and custom-made foot orthoses. Results Pressure-time integral percentage was higher with foot orthoses than in the barefoot and taping conditions in the midfoot (P < .001) and was lower with foot orthoses than in barefoot in the right forefoot (P < .05). Pressure-time integral values were lower with foot orthoses in the second, third, and fourth metatarsals and the lateral heel (P < .05). With foot orthoses, contact area values were higher in the toes; second, third, and fourth metatarsi; midfoot; and heel compared with the other conditions (P < .05). Pressure-time integral in the right lateral heel and contact area in the left fourth metatarsal increased with nonelastic taping versus barefoot (P < .05). Conclusions Foot orthoses are more effective in providing dynamic pressure redistribution in flexible flatfoot. Although nonelastic taping has some effects, taping methods may be insufficient in altering the measured pedobarographic values in this condition.

Comparison of the Aditus ad Antrum Diameter on CT between Patients with Chronic Otitis Media and Healthy Individuals

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 990-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elif Gündoğdu ◽  
Uğur Toprak
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The Right

Background: The middle ear cavity is ventilated through the aditus ad antrum. Aditus blockage contributes to the pathology of otitis media. Objective: To determine the normal values of the aditus ad antrum diameter on computed tomography and to investigate its relationship with chronic otitis media and related pathologies (tympanosclerosis and myringosclerosis). Methods: The temporal CT images of 162 individuals were evaluated retrospectively. In the axial sections, the inner diameter of the aditus was measured at the narrowest point at the cortex. The differences in diameter were compared between diseased and healthy ears. Results: In healthy individuals, the diameter was narrower in women. There was no difference between the right and left ears in healthy subjects. No correlation was found between age and diameter. In male patients with myringosclerosis, the diameter was slightly narrower on both sides but more marked on the left. In female patients with myringosclerosis, the diameter in both ears was slightly narrower. In cases of otitis media and tympanosclerosis, the diameter was less than that of healthy individuals, despite the lack of statistically significant result in all cases. Conclusion: The aditus ad antrum was narrower in diseased ears, indicating that a blocked aditus may contribute to the development of otitis media, as well as mucosal diseases.

Força dos Músculos Rotadores do Ombro em Indivíduos Saudáveis/ Rotator Cuff Muscle Strength in Healthy Individuals

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
Paulo José Oliveira Cortez ◽  
José Elias Tomazini ◽  
Mauro Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Average Strength ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
The Right

Introdução: A diminuição da capacidade de exercer esforços por parte dos músculos rotadores pode criar uma variedade de problemas. O conhecimento preciso do nível de força muscular de um indivíduo é importante, tanto para a avaliação da capacidade funcional ocupacional, como para uma apropriada prescrição de exercícios atléticos e de reabilitação. Percebe-se escassez de informação sobre as articulações do ombro, bem como os fatores envolvidos na força muscular dessa região. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a força gerada pelos músculos do manguito rotador entre o membro superior direito e o membro superior esquerdo em indivíduos saudáveis. Métodos: Participaram do estudo 22 sujeitos do sexo masculino, com idade de 18 e 19 anos, militares, saudáveis e sem história clínica de patologia ortopédica ou qualquer tipo de lesão no sistema musculoesquelético. Foram aplicados dois testes de força: Rotação Interna e Rotação Externa. Resultado : A força média de rotação interna no membro superior direito (MSD) foi maior que a força média de rotação interna no membro superior esquerdo (MSE) (p=0,723) e a força de rotação externa no MSD foi menor que a força média de rotação externa no MSE (p=0,788). Não houve diferença estatística na comparação dos valores de força de todos os testes de força isométrica. Conclusão: Para amostra estudada e metodologia utilizada na avaliação da força muscular, não houve diferença estatística na comparação da força gerada pelos músculos do manguito rotador do membro superior direito e do membro superior esquerdo.Rotator Cuff Muscle Strength in Healthy Individuals Introduction: Decreased ability to exert efforts by the rotator muscles can create a variety of problems. The precise knowledge of the level of muscular strength of an individual is important for both the functional capacity evaluation for occupational as an appropriate exercise prescription and rehabilitation of athletic. It is perceived scarcity of information on the shoulder joints as well as factors involved in muscle strength in this region. Objective: Develop a device for measuring the strength generated by the muscles of the upper limbs and the verification of efficiency and adaptability of this device through a comparative study of muscle strength in healthy subjects. Methods: The study included 22 male subjects, aged 18 and 19 years, military personnel, body mass between 57.7 and 93 kg (71.8 ± 9.45 kg) and height between 1.67 and 1.90 m (1.75 ± 0.06 m), healthy and without a history of orthopaedic disease or any kind of damage to the musculoskeletal system. Three strength tests were applied: Internal Rotation and External Rotation. For each type of effort three maximum voluntary contractions were required for 10 seconds, with an interval of 30 seconds between each contraction.  Results: Internal rotation in the right upper limb (RUL) was higher than the average strength of internal rotation in the left upper limb (LUL) (p = 0, 723) and the external rotation strength in RUL was lower than the average strength of external rotation in the LUL (p=0,788).  No statistical difference in comparing the strength values of all isometric strength tests. Conclusion: For sample and methodology used to assess muscle strength, there was no statistical difference in comparing the force generated by the muscles of the rotator cuff of the right and left upper limb.

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF GLUTEAL MUSCLE STRENGTHENING ON FLAT FOOT

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Pooja A Mulchandani ◽  
Trupti Warude ◽  
Amrutkuvar Pawar
Keyword(s):  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Random Allocation ◽  
Gluteal Muscle ◽  
Flat Foot ◽  
Muscle Strengthening ◽  
Intrinsic Muscle ◽  
Navicular Drop ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Paired T Test

Objectives: To compare the effect of gluteal muscle strengthening along with conventional exercises versus conventional exercises alone on flat foot.Method: An experimental study conducted at Physiotherapy Department of Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad. A total of 52 subjects were equally divided into two groups using convenient sampling with random allocation (Groups A and B). Baseline treatment was given to both groups (intrinsic muscle strengthening). Group A was given intrinsic muscle strengthening alone while Group B was given gluteal muscle strengthening along with intrinsic muscle strengthening.Result: Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-test and unpaired t-test. In pre-intervention there was no statistically significant difference seen with p values for the navicular drop was 0.3563 and for Ink test was 0.7342. While on comparing the post-interventional values, the results between the two groups using paired t-test revealed that there was extremely significant difference seen with p-value for the navicular drop was <0.0001 and for Ink test was <0.0001.Conclusion: From the study, it can be concluded that there was a significant effect of gluteal muscle strengthening on the flat foot.

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