scholarly journals Damage to the right insula disrupts the perception of affective touch

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise P Kirsch ◽  
Sahba Besharati ◽  
Christina Papadaki ◽  
Laura Crucianelli ◽  
Sara Bertagnoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Anterior Insula ◽  
Affective Touch ◽  
Cortical Organization ◽  
Touch Perception ◽  
Posterior Insula ◽  
The Right ◽  
Tactile System ◽  
The Brain

Specific, peripheral C-tactile afferents contribute to the perception of tactile pleasure, but the brain areas involved in their processing remain debated. We report the first human lesion study on the perception of C-tactile touch in right hemisphere stroke patients (N = 59), revealing that right posterior and anterior insula lesions reduce tactile, contralateral and ipsilateral pleasantness sensitivity, respectively. These findings corroborate previous imaging studies regarding the role of the posterior insula in the perception of affective touch. However, our findings about the crucial role of the anterior insula for ipsilateral affective touch perception open new avenues of enquiry regarding the cortical organization of this tactile system.

scholarly journals Impaired Recognition of Emotional Faces after Stroke Involving Right Amygdala or Insula

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (01) ◽  
pp. 087-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany Godin ◽  
Kumiko Oishi ◽  
Kenichi Oishi ◽  
Cameron Davis ◽  
Yessenia Gomez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Anterior Insula ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Emotional Faces ◽  
The Right ◽  
Right Hemisphere Stroke

AbstractDespite its basic and translational importance, the neural circuitry supporting the perception of emotional faces remains incompletely understood. Functional imaging studies and chronic lesion studies indicate distinct roles of the amygdala and insula in recognition of fear and disgust in facial expressions, whereas intracranial encephalography studies, which are not encumbered by variations in human anatomy, indicate a somewhat different role of these structures. In this article, we leveraged lesion-mapping techniques in individuals with acute right hemisphere stroke to investigate lesions associated with impaired recognition of prototypic emotional faces before significant neural reorganization can occur during recovery from stroke. Right hemisphere stroke patients were significantly less accurate than controls on a test of emotional facial recognition for both positive and negative emotions. Patients with right amygdala or anterior insula lesions had significantly lower scores than other right hemisphere stroke patients on recognition of angry and happy faces. Lesion volume within several regions, including the right amygdala and anterior insula, each independently contributed to the error rate in recognition of individual emotions. Results provide additional support for a necessary role of the right amygdala and anterior insula within a network of regions underlying recognition of facial expressions, particularly those that have biological importance or motivational relevance and have implications for clinical practice.

scholarly journals The role of neurotransmitter systems separate the hemispheres of the brain in action the new antiepileptic compounds AGB-31

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Oleg Aleksandrovich Yarosh
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

Compound AGB-31, a monocarbamate derivative, is shown to possess a high antiepileptic activity. The mechanisms of antiepileptic action are connected with significant increase in glutamic acid decarboxylase activity in the left hemisphere of the brain, with trend of the glutamate content decrease in the left hemisphere and the tendency to increase GABA in both hemispheres. AGB-31 significantly (more than 3-fold) increases syntase nitric oxide activity in the left hemisphere and has a tendency to reduce the NO content in both hemispheres. AGB-31 significantly (by 63.4%), reduced glutathione peroxydase activity in the right hemisphere without changing it in the left, with a tendency to increase the activity of glutathione reductase in both hemispheres.

scholarly journals Changes in metabolites in the brain of patients with fibromyalgia after treatment with an NMDA receptor antagonist

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 408-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Fayed ◽  
Barbara Oliván ◽  
Yolanda Lopez del Hoyo ◽  
Eva Andrés ◽  
Mari Cruz Perez-Yus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Clinical Global Impression ◽  
Anterior Insula ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Posterior Cingulate ◽  
Posterior Insula ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

The aims of this work were to evaluate whether the treatment of patients with fibromyalgia with memantine is associated with significant changes in metabolite concentrations in the brain, and to explore any changes in clinical outcome measures. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed of the right anterior and posterior insula, both hippocampi and the posterior cingulate cortex. Questionnaires on pain, anxiety, depression, global function, quality of life and cognitive impairment were used. Ten patients were studied at baseline and after three months of treatment with memantine. Significant increases were observed in the following areas: N-acetylaspartate (4.47 at baseline vs. 4.71 at three months, p = 0.02) and N-acetylaspartate+N-acetylaspartate glutamate in the left hippocampus (5.89 vs. 5.98; p = 0.007); N-acetylaspartate+N-acetylaspartate glutamate in the right hippocampus (5.31 vs 5.79; p = 0.01) and the anterior insula (7.56 vs. 7.70; p = 0.033); glutamate+glutamine/creatine ratio in the anterior insula (2.03 vs. 2.17; p = 0.022) and the posterior insula (1.77 vs. 2.00; p = 0.004); choline/creatine ratio in the posterior cingulate (0.18 vs. 0.19; p = 0.023); and creatine in the right hippocampus (3.60 vs. 3.85; p = 0.007). At the three-month follow-up, memantine improved cognitive function assessed by the Cognition Mini-Exam (31.50, SD = 2.95 vs. 34.40, SD = 0.6; p = 0.005), depression measured by the Hamilton Depression Scale (7.70, SD = 0.81 vs. 7.56, SD = 0.68; p = 0.042) and severity of illness measured by the Clinical Global Impression severity scale (5.79, SD = 0.96 vs. 5.31, SD = 1.12; p = 0.007). Depression, clinical global impression and cognitive function showed improvement with memantine. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy could be useful in monitoring response to the pharmacological treatment of fibromyalgia.

scholarly journals Parietal area BA7 integrates motor programs for reaching, grasping, and bimanual coordination

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 624-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ada Le ◽  
Michael Vesia ◽  
Xiaogang Yan ◽  
J. Douglas Crawford ◽  
Matthias Niemeier
Keyword(s):  
Bimanual Coordination ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brodmann Area ◽  
Reach To Grasp ◽  
Area 7 ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Human Participants ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

Skillful interaction with the world requires that the brain uses a multitude of sensorimotor programs and subroutines, such as for reaching, grasping, and the coordination of the two body halves. However, it is unclear how these programs operate together. Networks for reaching, grasping, and bimanual coordination might converge in common brain areas. For example, Brodmann area 7 (BA7) is known to activate in disparate tasks involving the three types of movements separately. Here, we asked whether BA7 plays a key role in integrating coordinated reach-to-grasp movements for both arms together. To test this, we applied transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to disrupt BA7 activity in the left and right hemispheres, while human participants performed a bimanual size-perturbation grasping task using the index and middle fingers of both hands to grasp a rectangular object whose orientation (and thus grasp-relevant width dimension) might or might not change. We found that TMS of the right BA7 during object perturbation disrupted the bimanual grasp and transport/coordination components, and TMS over the left BA7 disrupted unimanual grasps. These results show that right BA7 is causally involved in the integration of reach-to-grasp movements of the two arms. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our manuscript describes a role of human Brodmann area 7 (BA7) in the integration of multiple visuomotor programs for reaching, grasping, and bimanual coordination. Our results are the first to suggest that right BA7 is critically involved in the coordination of reach-to-grasp movements of the two arms. The results complement previous reports of right-hemisphere lateralization for bimanual grasps.

scholarly journals Neurobiology of developmental dyslexia Part 2: A review of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of the corpus callosum

2012 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O. Wajuihian
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Developmental Dyslexia ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

This paper forms part two of a review of the neurobiology of developmental dyslexia (DD) and here the focus is on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)of the corpus callosum (CC) of dyslexic and non-dyslexic subjects. The CC is a bundle of nerve fibres connecting the left and the right hemisphere of the brain. Due to the role of this structure in inter-hemispheric transfer and integration between the hemispheres, the CC is significant in the search for the neurobiological basis of DD. (S Afr Optom 2012 71(1) 39-45)

scholarly journals Neurobiology of developmental dyslexia Part 2: A review of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of the corpus callosum

2012 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O. Wajuihian
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Developmental Dyslexia ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

This paper forms part two of a review of the neurobiology of developmental dyslexia (DD) and here the focus is on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the corpus callosum (CC) of dyslexic and non-dyslexic subjects. The CC is a bundle of nerve fibres connecting the left and the right hemisphere of the brain. Due to the role of this structure in inter-hemispheric transfer and integration between thehemispheres, the CC is significant in the search for the neurobiological basis of DD. (S Afr Optom 2012 71(1) 39-45)

Neurospect Findings in Patients Exposed to Neurotoxic Chemicals

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 561-571
Author(s):  
Gunnar Heuser ◽  
Ismael Mena ◽  
Francisca Alamos
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Psychiatric Symptomatology ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Parietal Lobes ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

Exposures to neurotoxic chemicals such as pesticides, glues, solvents, etc. are known to induce neurologic and psychiatric symptomatology. We report on 41 patients 16 young patients (6 males, 10 females, age 34 8 yrs.) and 25 elderly patients (9 males, 16 females, age 55 7 yrs). Fifteen of them were exposed to pesticides, and 29 to solvents. They were studied with quantitative and qualitative analysis of regional cerebral bood flow (rCBF), performed with 30 mCi of Xe-133 by inhalation, followed by 30 mCi of Tc-HMPAO given intravenously. Imaging was performed with a brain dedicated system, distribution of rCBF was assessed with automatic ROI definition, and HMPAO was normalized to maximal pixel activity in the brain. Results of Xe rCBF are expressed as mean and S.D. in ml/min/100g, and HMPAO as mean and S.D. uptake per ROI, and compared with age-matched controls 10 young and 20 elderly individuals. Neurotoxics HMPAO Uptake Young Elderly R. Orbital frontal R. Dorsal frontal .70 .66 p < 0.05 R. Temporal .64 p < 0.001 R. Parietal .66 .66 We conclude that patients exposed to chemicals present with diminished CBF, worse in the right hemisphere, with random presentation of areas of hypoperfusion, more prevalent in the dorsal frontal and parietal lobes. These findings are significantly different from observations in patients with chronic fatigue and depression, suggesting primary cortical effect, possibly due to a vasculitis process.

scholarly journals The Right Hemisphere Is Responsible for the Greatest Differences in Human Brain Response to High-Arousing Emotional versus Neutral Stimuli: A MEG Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 960
Author(s):  
Mina Kheirkhah ◽  
Philipp Baumbach ◽  
Lutz Leistritz ◽  
Otto W. Witte ◽  
Martin Walter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
The Right ◽  
Healthy Participants

Studies investigating human brain response to emotional stimuli—particularly high-arousing versus neutral stimuli—have obtained inconsistent results. The present study was the first to combine magnetoencephalography (MEG) with the bootstrapping method to examine the whole brain and identify the cortical regions involved in this differential response. Seventeen healthy participants (11 females, aged 19 to 33 years; mean age, 26.9 years) were presented with high-arousing emotional (pleasant and unpleasant) and neutral pictures, and their brain responses were measured using MEG. When random resampling bootstrapping was performed for each participant, the greatest differences between high-arousing emotional and neutral stimuli during M300 (270–320 ms) were found to occur in the right temporo-parietal region. This finding was observed in response to both pleasant and unpleasant stimuli. The results, which may be more robust than previous studies because of bootstrapping and examination of the whole brain, reinforce the essential role of the right hemisphere in emotion processing.

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