scholarly journals Estonian Middle Semantics with Evidence from Discourse

Nordlyd ◽  
10.7557/12.29 ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Virve-Anneli Vihman
Keyword(s):  
Middle Voice ◽  
Discourse Patterns ◽  
Discourse Pragmatics ◽  
Intransitive Verbs ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Middle Constructions

This paper presents arguments for recognizing a middle voice in Estonian. The claim that the semantics of middle-marked verbs differs in a substantial way from the semantics of other intransitive constructions leads to the examination of the discourse pragmatics of these constructions, and the relationship between discourse patterns and their valency and argument properties. Various topicality measures show that the argument participant in middle clauses lies between that of the sole participant (S) in intransitive clauses and the O of active transitive clauses. The results regarding the discourse behaviour of middle arguments constitute new evidence for the view that middle constructions differ from ordinary intransitive verbs, despite structural similarities, and mark a unique range on the scale of transitivity exhibited by verbs in Estonian.

From middle to passive

Diachronica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikyung Ahn ◽  
Foong Ha Yap
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Passive Voice ◽  
Middle Voice ◽  
Change Of State ◽  
Historical Database ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Middle Constructions

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between middle and passive voice constructions in Korean, in particular how they have come to share the same grammatical marker-eci. Based on diachronic data from the UNICONC (Korean historical) database, spanning Old, Middle and Modern Korean (15th to 20th century), our analysis reveals that-eciwas initially used as a middle voice marker for spontaneous and inchoative events, with change-of-state as their common feature, then extended to transitive contexts, giving rise to passive voice usage. More recently,-ecihas developed into a marker of facilitative middle constructions as well. These semantic extensions involve shifts in aspectual focus from change-of-state to resultative-state, and further to potential aspect and mood. This analysis contributes to our understanding of the diachrony of voice markers beyond the causative-to-passive pathway commonly seen in Northeast Asia to include the middle-to-passive pathway, with typological implications.

The Medium and the Message

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Sandler
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Sign Language ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Sign Languages ◽  
Prosodic Word ◽  
Special Stress ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Phonological Phrase ◽  
The Relationship

In natural communication, the medium through which language is transmitted plays an important and systematic role. Sentences are broken up rhythmically into chunks; certain elements receive special stress; and, in spoken language, intonational tunes are superimposed onto these chunks in particular ways — all resulting in an intricate system of prosody. Investigations of prosody in Israeli Sign Language demonstrate that sign languages have comparable prosodic systems to those of spoken languages, although the phonetic medium is completely different. Evidence for the prosodic word and for the phonological phrase in ISL is examined here within the context of the relationship between the medium and the message. New evidence is offered to support the claim that facial expression in sign languages corresponds to intonation in spoken languages, and the term “superarticulation” is coined to describe this system in sign languages. Interesting formaldiffer ences between the intonationaltunes of spoken language and the “superarticulatory arrays” of sign language are shown to offer a new perspective on the relation between the phonetic basis of language, its phonological organization, and its communicative content.

Hitherto Unprinted Manuscripts of the Middle English Ipotis

PMLA ◽  
1916 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-160
Author(s):  
Josephine D. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Middle English ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
English Poem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of the manuscripts of the Middle-English poem Ipotis has been studied in detail by Dr. Hugo Gruber on the basis of the nine mss. known to him. In addition to these there are five others, four of which are printed for the first time below. One of these, unfortunately a fragment, is of the greatest importance, since it carries back the date of the poem at least fifty years. On the basis of the earliest manuscript known to him—ms. Vernon, written about 1385—Gruber assigned the Ipotis to the second half of the fourteenth century. But in the light of the new evidence, the composition of the poem is pushed back to the very beginning of the century.

Tapping the Power of Social Media on Innovation Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-151
Author(s):  
Shan Shan Teh ◽  
Daisy Mui Hung Kee ◽  
Munazza Zahra ◽  
Gadi Dung Paul
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
Great Idea ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Innovation Impact

Objective - This study investigates the relationship between social media and innovation performance among SMEs in Malaysia. This study also extends social media literature by investigating the underlying mechanism of open innovation in the relationship between social media and innovation performance. Methodology/Technique - A questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. A total of 173 samples from data collection were then used to test the hypotheses by using the SPSS and SmartPLS software. Finding - The result has revealed that social media has a significant effect on innovation performance. Besides, outbound innovation is also found to mediate the relationship between social media and innovation performance. Novelty - This study contributes to the literature on social media and innovation by providing new evidence regarding outbound innovation impact on performance among SMEs. It also provides a great idea of social media's importance to SME managers in improving innovation performance in an organization. Type of Paper - Empirical. Keywords: Social Media, Innovation Performance, Open Innovation, Smes, Malaysia JEL Classification: URI: http://gatrenterprise.com/GATRJournals/GJBSSR/vol9.2_4.html DOI: https://doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2021.9.2(4) Pages 143 – 151

scholarly journals Technology and Geography in the Second Industrial Revolution: New Evidence from the Margins of Trade

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Huberman ◽  
Christopher M. Meissner ◽  
Kim Oosterlinck
Keyword(s):  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Products ◽  
Trade Costs ◽  
Belle Epoque ◽  
Belle Époque ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Second Industrial Revolution

Belle Époque Belgium recorded an unprecedented trade boom. Exploiting a new granular trade dataset, we find that the number of products delivered abroad and destinations serviced more than doubled in less than 40 years. To explain this remarkable achievement, we study the relationship between trade costs and the intensive and extensive margins of trade. The establishment of a foreign diplomatic network that lowered beachhead costs and enabled the entry of new products was an essential fact of the trade boom. Interestingly, the expansion in trade in certain sectors did not translate into faster productivity growth. We offer some explanations.

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