scholarly journals Experimental infection of reindeer with bovine viral diarrhea virus

Rangifer ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.K. Morton ◽  
J.F. Evermann ◽  
R.A. Dieterich
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

Two 8-month reindeer (<em>Rangifer tarandus</em>) and a 1-month-old Hereford-Holstein calf (<em>Bos taurus</em>) were inoculated intranasally with the Singer (cytopathogenic) strain of bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus. Clinical signs in reindeer included loose stools containing blood and mucus, and transient laminitis or coronitis. Signs in the calf were limited to bloody mucus in the stool and lesions in the nasal mucosa. Antibody titers to BVD virus in the reindeer were intermittent, and titers in the calf persisted from days 14 to 63 post-inoculation (PI). Viremia was detected on PI day 4 in one reindeer, days 3-7 in the other, and days 2-7 in the calf. Bovine viral diarrhea virus was isolated from the lung of the calf at necropsy (PI day 63).

scholarly journals Isolation and Genetic Analysis of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus from Infected Cattle in Indiana

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman M. Pogranichniy ◽  
Megan E. Schnur ◽  
Eran A. Raizman ◽  
Duane A. Murphy ◽  
Maria Negron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Mucosal Disease ◽  
Pcr Product ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

Species and biotype distribution was determined in 44 bovine viral diarrhea virus- (BVDV-) positive samples submitted to the Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (ADDL) in Indiana during 2006–2008. BVDV RNA was detected in the 5′-untranslated region and Nproregion using reverse transcriptase PCR followed by sequencing analysis of the PCR product. Additionally, cases were classified into one of six categories according to history and/or lesions: acute symptomatic, hemorrhagic, respiratory distress, reproductive, persistent infection (PI), and mucosal disease (MD). Of 44 BVDV-positive samples, 33 were noncytopathic (ncp), 10 were cytopathic (cp), and one presented both ncp and cp biotypes. Sequencing analysis demonstrated that all samples belonged to BVDV-1a, BVDV-1b, or BVDV-2. The most common isolate was ncp BVDV-1b, (44%) followed by ncp BVDV-2a (24%). Among the six categories, respiratory clinical signs were the most common (36%) followed by PI (25%) and MD (16%).

scholarly journals An Importance of Long-Term Clinical Analysis to Accurately Diagnose Calves Persistently and Acutely Infected by Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus 2

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2431
Author(s):  
Yusuke Goto ◽  
Gakuji Yaegashi ◽  
Kazuhiro Fukunari ◽  
Tohru Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection results in a wide variety of clinical manifestations and is a pathogen that is able to cause huge economic losses in the cattle industry worldwide. It is important to identify cattle that are persistently infected (PI) by BVDV within the herd as early as possible because PI animals are the main reservoir of the virus. In contrast, cattle who are acutely infected (AI) with BVDV show various clinical signs, but most cattle show either mild symptoms or are asymptomatic. In general, AI and PI animals can be distinguished by repeat testing within an interval of at least 21 days. However, we found a rare case of a BVDV2-infected AI animal with long-term viral presence, making it indistinguishable from PI through two tests within an interval of 21 days. As a result, we diagnosed one infected animal as AI after 35 days from the initial sample collection via multiple analyses. Our findings recommend performing an additional test using samples that have been collected after 14–21 days from the second sample collection in cases where it is difficult to accurately differentiate an AI diagnosis from a PI diagnosis after only two tests. Additionally, our analysis exhibits that monitoring the number of copies of viruses with similar genomes in the sera by means of quantitative real-time RT-PCR through several sample collections periods might be useful to distinguish AI from PI. Furthermore, our data suggest that the AI animals with a long-term viral presence who show test results similar to those of PI animals might be the result of a coincidental combination of various factors that are present in cattle fields. These findings provide useful information that can be used to improve the diagnosis of BVDV in the field.

scholarly journals Transmission of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus to Adult Goats from Persistently Infected Cattle

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 545-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles C. Broaddus ◽  
G. Reed Holyoak ◽  
Lionel Dawson ◽  
D. L. Step ◽  
Rebecca A. Funk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Infected Cattle ◽  
Persistently Infected ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

The transmission of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) from persistently infected (PI) heifers to adult seronegative goats was examined in this study. Ten seronegative adult goats were exposed to 4 PI heifers. None of the goats developed any clinical signs but all goats seroconverted by 42 days after exposure to the PI cattle. Results indicate that goats are susceptible to BVDV infection when housed with PI cattle.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Cattle Persistently Infected with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in 20 Dairy Herds in Two Counties in Central Michigan and Comparison of Prevalence of Antibody-Positive Cattle among Herds with Different Infection and Vaccination Status

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Houe ◽  
J. C. Baker ◽  
R. K. Maes ◽  
H. Wuryastuti ◽  
R. Wasito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Persistently Infected ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

All cattle in 20 dairy herds randomly selected from herds participating in the Dairy Herd Improvement Association program in 2 counties in central Michigan were tested for the presence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). Virus-positive animals were retested to ascertain persistent infection with the virus. A total of 5,481 animals were tested for presence of BVDV. In 9 of the herds, all animals were also tested for virus neutralizing antibody titer. Based on infection and vaccination status, these 9 herds were divided into 3 different herd categories: A, 5 herds with currently no cattle persistently infected (PI) with BVDV and without any vaccination program against BVDV in recent years; B, 2 herds with no current PI cattle but using killed BVDV vaccines; and C, 2 herds with PI cattle. PI cattle were detected in 3 out of 20 herds (15%). A total of 7 of 5,481 animals (0.13%) were PI. The mean prevalences of antibody carriers in herd categories A, B, and C were 28.8%, 76.4% and 90.6%, respectively. For one herd in category A, antibody analyses indicated that mostly young stock was seropositive, suggested recent BVDV infection in a previously closed and naive herd. Cattle in category B herds were vaccinated with killed vaccine from the age of 15 months. These herds had several antibody negative animals among the younger cows, suggesting incomplete protection against BVDV infection. In the 3 herds in which PI animals were detected, all cattle had been vaccinated with killed vaccine. The antibody-positive animals had antibody titers that were significantly different both among herds and among herd categories. The antibody titers of animals exposed to PI animals were significantly higher than those of animals vaccinated with killed vaccine.

scholarly journals Virulent Properties of Russian Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Strains in Experimentally Infected Calves

Scientifica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander G. Glotov ◽  
Tatyana I. Glotova ◽  
Svetlana V. Koteneva ◽  
Olga V. Semenova ◽  
Alexander A. Sergeev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

The results of experimental study of three noncytopathic and two cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) strains isolated from cattle in the Siberian region and belonging to the type 1 (subtypes 1a, 1b, and 1d) have been presented. All investigated strains caused the development of infectious process in the seronegative 4–6-month-old calves after aerosol challenge with the dose of 6 log10TCID50. The greatest virulence had noncytopathic strain and cytopathic strain related to the subtypes 1d and 1b, respectively. All strains in infected calves caused some signs of moderate acute respiratory disease and diarrhea: depression 3–5 days postinfection (p.i.), refusal to food, severe hyperthermia to 41.9°С, serous exudate discharges from the nasal cavity and eyes, transient diarrhea with blood, leukopenia (up to 2700 cells/mm3), and macroscopic changes in the respiratory organs and intestine. The infected animals recovered from 12 to 15 days p.i. and in 90% cases formed humoral immune response 25 days p.i. (antibody titers to BVDV: 1 : 4–1 : 16). Our results confirmed the presence of virulent BVDV1 strains and showed the need for researches on the molecular epidemiology of the disease, development of more effective diagnostic systems, and optimization of control programs with use of vaccines.

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