Localization and Magnetic Interactions in Semimagnetic Semiconductors at Low Temperatures

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (S3-3) ◽  
pp. 1907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Dietl
Author(s):  
S.M. Kaczmarek ◽  
A. Biedunkiewicz ◽  
T. Bodziony ◽  
P. Figiel ◽  
T. Skibiński ◽  
...  

Different kinds of structural and magnetic phases have been found in the investigated compounds, e.g. (Mo, Ti)C, C, Ni. It was found that such different phases create different kinds of magnetic interactions, from paramagnetic, antiferromagnetic up to superparamagnetic. Significant magnetic anisotropy has been revealed for low temperatures, which lowers with temperature increase. Moreover, non-usual increasing of the magnetization as a function of temperature was observed. It suggests, that overall long-range AFM interaction may be responsible for the magnetic properties.


2012 ◽  
Vol 112 (12) ◽  
pp. 123909 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Kilanski ◽  
A. Podgórni ◽  
W. Dobrowolski ◽  
M. Górska ◽  
A. Reszka ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1422
Author(s):  
Kristian Handoyo Sugiyarto ◽  
Isti Yunita ◽  
Harold Andrew Goodwin

Salt of [Cu(bptrzH)Cl2], (bptrzH = 3,5-bis(pyridin-2-yl)-H-1,2,4-triazole) has been prepared and characterized its electronic spectral and magnetic properties. This salt is paramagnetic with magnetic moment, μs, being 1.77–1.78 BM at 293 K, but decreased significantly with decreasing temperature to be 0.60–0.63 BM at 90 K, indicating antiferromagnetic nature. This is associated with Cu–Cu magnetic interactions at low temperatures, and suggests that the salt adopt an octahedrally polymeric structure. The electronic spectrum of this salt reveals a strong ligand field band centered at about 13,000 cm–1 and a very strong charge transfer absorption at about 23,000–24,000 cm–1. The spectrum is better resolved at lower temperature and this is parallel to the slight change in color from yellowish-green at room temperature to bright green at low temperature (90 K). The powder XRD of this complex was refined by Le Bail method of Rietica program and found to be fit as triclinic symmetry of space group PĪ with the figure of merit: Rp = 5.02; Rwp = 7.95; Rexp = 5.40; Bragg R-Factor = 0.05; and GOF = 2.166.


2011 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Urbanowicz ◽  
Elzbieta Tomaszewicz ◽  
Tadeusz Groń ◽  
Henryk Duda ◽  
Andrzej W. Pacyna ◽  
...  

The Co2Sm2W3O14 compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, and melts congruently at 1443 K. The magnetic measurements showed that Co2Sm2W3O14 is a paramagnet in the temperature range 4.2-225 K showing both the residual magnetic interactions since the paramagnetic Curie-Weiss temperature   0 and the uncompensated temperature independent contributions of magnetic susceptibility since 0  0. The Brillouin fit of the Landé factor revealed an increase of the orbital contribution to the total magnetic moment of the compound what seems to be responsible for its hard and spontaneous magnetization at low temperatures.


2001 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanori Yasui ◽  
Yoshimitsu Ishikawa ◽  
Naoya Akiyama ◽  
Takayuki Ishida ◽  
Takashi Nogami ◽  
...  

Crystals of CuII(NO3)2(pm)3 (1), and two crystalline forms of CuII(NO3)2(H2O)2(pm)2, (2) and (3), showed ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic and paramagnetic interactions at extremely low temperatures, respectively. Crystal structure analyses revealed that the complexes were catena-dinitrato[μ-pyrimidine-κN 1:κN 3]-(pyrimidine-N 1)copper(II), [Cu(NO3)2(pm)2] n , catena-diaquadinitrato[μ-pyrimidine-κN 1:κN 3]copper(II), [Cu(NO3)2(H2O)2(pm)] n , and diaquadinitratodipyrimidinecopper(II), Cu(NO3)2(H2O)2(pm)2 for (1), (2) and (3), respectively. In (1) the Cu atom is coordinated by the two nitrates and N atoms of the non-bridging pyrimidine and bridging pyrimidine to form a one-dimensional coordination polymer. The complex is a five-coordinated square pyramid and can be regarded as a pseudo-seven-coordinated complex, since other short non-bonding Cu...O contacts are observed. In the crystals of (2) the pyrimidine bridges the Cu atoms to form a one-dimensional coordination chain. On the other hand, complex (3) is not a coordination polymer. It is important to form a coordination polymer for the appearance of the magnetic interactions. Types of coordination of the bridging organic moieties should also play an important role in magnetic properties. Magnetic measurements of (1) and (2) show that they are good examples of uniform S = 1/2 ferro- and antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chains with exchange parameters 2J/kB = +1.8 and −36 K, respectively.


Author(s):  
E. Knapek ◽  
H. Formanek ◽  
G. Lefranc ◽  
I. Dietrich

A few years ago results on cryoprotection of L-valine were reported, where the values of the critical fluence De i.e, the electron exposure which decreases the intensity of the diffraction reflections by a factor e, amounted to the order of 2000 + 1000 e/nm2. In the meantime a discrepancy arose, since several groups published De values between 100 e/nm2 and 1200 e/nm2 /1 - 4/. This disagreement and particularly the wide spread of the results induced us to investigate more thoroughly the behaviour of organic crystals at very low temperatures during electron irradiation.For this purpose large L-valine crystals with homogenuous thickness were deposited on holey carbon films, thin carbon films or Au-coated holey carbon films. These specimens were cooled down to nearly liquid helium temperature in an electron microscope with a superconducting lens system and irradiated with 200 keU-electrons. The progress of radiation damage under different preparation conditions has been observed with series of electron diffraction patterns and direct images of extinction contours.


Author(s):  
H.A. Cohen ◽  
W. Chiu

The goal of imaging the finest detail possible in biological specimens leads to contradictory requirements for the choice of an electron dose. The dose should be as low as possible to minimize object damage, yet as high as possible to optimize image statistics. For specimens that are protected by low temperatures or for which the low resolution associated with negative stain is acceptable, the first condition may be partially relaxed, allowing the use of (for example) 6 to 10 e/Å2. However, this medium dose is marginal for obtaining the contrast transfer function (CTF) of the microscope, which is necessary to allow phase corrections to the image. We have explored two parameters that affect the CTF under medium dose conditions.Figure 1 displays the CTF for carbon (C, row 1) and triafol plus carbon (T+C, row 2). For any column, the images to which the CTF correspond were from a carbon covered hole (C) and the adjacent triafol plus carbon support film (T+C), both recorded on the same micrograph; therefore the imaging parameters of defocus, illumination angle, and electron statistics were identical.


Author(s):  
F. H. Louchet ◽  
L. P. Kubin

Experiments have been carried out on the 3 MeV electron microscope in Toulouse. The low temperature straining holder has been previously described Images given by an image intensifier are recorded on magnetic tape.The microtensile niobium samples are cut in a plane with the two operative slip directions [111] and lying in the foil plane. The tensile axis is near [011].Our results concern:- The transition temperature of niobium near 220 K: at this temperature and below an increasing difference appears between the mobilities of the screw and edge portions of dislocations loops. Source operation and interactions between screw dislocations of different slip system have been recorded.


Author(s):  
J. A. Traquair ◽  
E. G. Kokko

With the advent of improved dehydration techniques, scanning electron microscopy has become routine in anatomical studies of fungi. Fine structure of hyphae and spore surfaces has been illustrated for many hyphomycetes, and yet, the ultrastructure of the ubiquitous soil fungus, Geomyces pannorus (Link) Sigler & Carmichael has been neglected. This presentation shows that scanning and transmission electron microscopical data must be correlated in resolving septal structure and conidial release in G. pannorus.Although it is reported to be cellulolytic but not keratinolytic, G. pannorus is found on human skin, animals, birds, mushrooms, dung, roots, and frozen meat in addition to various organic soils. In fact, it readily adapts to growth at low temperatures.


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