scholarly journals Observasjonens betydning i den profesjonelle praksis

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Halsaunet Frønes

Denne artikkelen presenterer tre barnehagelæreres forståelse rundt observasjon, og hvordan de bruker observasjon i egen profesjonelle praksis. Fremstillingen er i hovedsak basert på ulike teoretiske tanker fra Michel Foucault, hvor det kliniske blikket er hovedinspirasjonen. Målet med artikkelen er å løfte frem barnehagelærernes perspektiv på observasjon i egen yrkeshverdag, inspirere barnehagelærere til å reflektere over sine egne opplevelser og meningsskaping knyttet til observasjon i barnehagen.Barnehagelærer, klinisk blikk, observasjon, profesjonell praksis.This article presents three kindergarten teachers understanding of observation, and how they use observation in their professional practice. The text is mainly based on various theoretical thoughts from Michel Foucault, where the medical gaze is the main inspiration. The aim of the article is to highlight kindergarten teachers' perspective on observation in their own professional lives, and inspire kindergarten teachers to reflect on their own experiences and how to make meaning related to observation in kindergarten.Kindergarten teacher, medical gaze, observation, professional practice.

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-240
Author(s):  
Dan Wan ◽  
Rongfang Gu ◽  
Claire McLachlan

Since the 1960s, concerns for beginning teachers have attracted extensive attention. High attrition rates among beginning teachers have been an international challenge, which is costly for a nation’s budget. To improve the retention of new teachers, it is imperative to understand what beginning teachers have experienced in their professional practice. This qualitative research examined the career development trajectories of beginning kindergarten teachers in China. The experiences of 23 kindergarten teachers from Nanjing were investigated through semi-structured interviews. Using grounded theory, this research identified four main themes and four career development trajectories. Themes include orientation, mastery, re-examination and self-validation, while career development trajectories reveal that teacher career development is not unilinear, but diverse. These findings are crucial in raising the awareness of researchers and practitioners about the diversities and possibilities of teacher career development trajectories. Further implications for researchers, teacher educators and kindergarten teachers are discussed.


2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Dewar ◽  
John Eagles ◽  
Susan Klein ◽  
Nicola Gray ◽  
David Alexander

Aims and MethodThis survey is the first UK study of trainee psychiatrists' experiences of patient suicide. One hundred and three senior and specialist registrars in psychiatry working in Scotland completed the questionnaire, representing an 81% response rate.ResultsAlmost half (47%) had experienced suicide of a patient in their care or otherwise known to them (e.g. through on-call experiences). Although only 28% recalled previous training on issues to consider following a suicide, all of these doctors found this to be of value. Many reported that patient suicide had a deleterious impact on their personal and professional lives. The most valuable supports were informal, and the trainees' consultants appeared particularly well placed to offer support and advice.Clinical ImplicationsMany trainee psychiatrists experience the suicide of a patient. Such experiences have potential for adverse effects on doctors' professional practice and personal life. Greater availability of training in this area would allow trainees to be better prepared for such an event. Trainees' consultants have a pivotal role to play in providing appropriate advice and support after a patient suicide.


2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Broussard ◽  
Rachel Myers ◽  
Julie Meaux

In the fall of 2005, the coast of Louisiana was devastated by two hurricanes, Katrina and Rita. Not only did these natural disasters have detrimental effects for those directly in their path, the storms had an impact on the lives of everyone in Louisiana. The professional practice of many Louisiana school nurses was affected by several factors, including a sudden influx of students with no medical records. A qualitative descriptive study was conducted to gain an understanding of school nurses’ feelings and experiences related to the hurricanes and their aftermath. Forty-one school nurses participated in the study, and findings revealed significant effects on their personal and professional lives. Themes within each area were identified: uncertainty, hopelessness and helplessness, thankfulness, practice challenges, and practice rewards. Implications for school nursing practice include the need for support during natural disasters and the importance of school nurse involvement in disaster preparedness.


2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per-Einar Sæbbe

Barnehagelærernes kompetanse blir ofte trukket fram som barnehagens viktigste ressurs, men likevel har norsk barnehageforskning i liten grad undersøkt hva barnehagelærerne i barnehagen gjør og hvilken kompetanse de bruker når de jobber med matematikk. Det blir ofte tatt for gitt at det er sammenheng mellom lærerens kompetanse og barnas læring, men få studier har undersøkt hvorfor og hvordan disse sammenhengene viser seg i praksis. Forskningen har i all hovedsak konsentrert seg om hvilken kompetanse lærerne har eller trenger – uten å undersøke empirisk hvilken kompetanse de bruker i sin profesjonelle praksis. Den økende satsingen på realfag i barnehagen aktualiserer behovet for forskning som kan bidra til å utvikle ny kunnskap om hvordan matematikkarbeid i barnehagen gjennomføres og hvilke kompetansekrav dette stiller til barnehagelærerne. Slik forskningsbasert kunnskap kan bidra til mer bevisst arbeid med matematikk i barnehagen, og til å utvikle innholdet i matematikkundervisningen i barnehagelærerutdanningen til bedre å møte de kravene norsk barnehage stiller til barnehagelærernes kompetanse. Resultatene fra en kvalitativ casestudie av fem barnehagelærere indikerer og bekrefter at barnehagelærernes kompetanse i matematikk består av fagkompetanse og didaktisk kompetanse. I tillegg ser det ut til at barnehagelærernes kompetanse til å skape felles oppmerksomhet er essensiell for arbeidet med matematikk i barnehagen. I den nordiske barnehagetradisjonen, der arbeidet preges av lek og hverdagsaktiviteter, skal det i alle barnehager arbeides målrettet med matematikk. Rammeplan for barnehagens innhold og oppgaver gir barnehagelærerne ansvaret for dette arbeidet og kaller fagområdet for Antall, rom og form.Nøkkelord: barnehagelærere, matematisk kompetanse, matematikkundervisning"There are two sheep here"On kindergarten teachers' mathematical competenceAbstractKindergarten teachers’ competence is often considered to be the most important asset of kindergarten, but Norwegian early childhood education researchers have still paid little attention to investigating what kindergarten teachers are doing and what competence they use when working with mathematics in kindergarten. It is often taken for granted that there is a connection between teachers’ competence and children’s learning, but few studies attempt to understand why and how these connections appear in practice. Research has primarily concentrated on what competence teachers have or need – without empirically examining what competence they use in their professional practice. The increasing focus on mathematics and science in kindergarten highlights the need for research that might contribute to generating new knowledge about how mathematical work is implemented in kindergarten and what competence demands this poses for the kindergarten teachers. This kind of research based knowledge might lead to more intentional mathematical work in kindergarten, and to development of the content of mathematics teaching in kindergarten teacher education in order to better face the demands that Norwegian kindergarten poses in terms of kindergarten teachers’ competence. The results from a qualitative case study of five kindergarten teachers indicate that kindergarten teachers’ competence in mathematics consists of content knowledge as well as didactical competence in mathematics. In addition, it appears that kindergarten teachers’ competence in reaching joint attention is essential to the work of teaching mathematics in kindergarten. In the Nordic kindergarten tradition, where the main focus is on play and everyday activities, every kindergarten is still required to carry out intentional mathematical work. The national framework for kindergarten places the responsibility for this work with the kindergarten teachers — in the framework, this learning area is called Quantities, spaces and shapes.Keywords: kindergarten teachers, mathematical competence, mathematics teaching


Author(s):  
Aoife K O’Callaghan

AbstractMichel Foucault developed the concept of ‘the medical gaze’, describing how doctors fit a patient’s story into a ‘biomedical paradigm, filtering out what is deemed as irrelevant material’ (Misselbrook, 2013). Doctors are perceived within this model to focus on selecting the biomedical elements of patients’ problems only, filtering out all other elements of a person’s life story, but this paper argues that in the subspecialty of psychiatry, this is not the case, and such a filter is not so easily applied.


Author(s):  
Brenda Nicodemus ◽  
Minhua Liu ◽  
Sandra McClure

Abstract Reading is a critical process for conscious learning and enhancing knowledge; however, little is known about reading in interpreters’ professional lives. We used an online survey to collect information about the reading habits of signed language interpreters (n = 1,382) and spoken language interpreters (n = 601) to examine overall patterns, as well as variations, between the groups. The interpreters responded to questions regarding (a) engagement with reading types, (b) hours spent reading, (c) motivations for reading, (d) factors that reduce engagement in reading, (e) reading in which interpreters should engage, (f) relevance of reading to professional practice, and (g) priority of research topics for reading. Similarities were found between the groups, with divergence in three areas – reading preparation materials, reading research studies, and the types of research studies the participants wish to read. The results provide insights into professional interpreters’ engagement with reading and its application to their professional practice.


Author(s):  
Virginia L. Dubasik ◽  
Dubravka Svetina Valdivia

Purpose The purpose of this study was to ascertain the extent to which school-based speech-language pathologists' (SLPs) assessment practices with individual English learners (ELs) align with federal legislation and professional practice guidelines. Specifically, we were interested in examining SLPs' use of multiple tools during individual EL assessments, as well as relationships between practices and number of types of training experiences. Method School-based SLPs in a Midwestern state were recruited in person or via e-mail to complete an online survey pertaining to assessment. Of the 562 respondents who completed the survey, 222 (39.5%) indicated past or present experience with ELs, and thus, their data were included in the analyses. The questionnaire solicited information about respondent's demographics, caseload composition, perceived knowledge and skills and training experiences pertaining to working with ELs (e.g., graduate school, self-teaching, professional conferences), and assessment practices used in schools. Results The majority of respondents reported using multiple tools rather than a single tool with each EL they assess. Case history and observation were tools used often or always by the largest number of participants. SLPs who used multiple tools reported using both direct (e.g., standardized tests, dynamic assessment) and indirect tools (e.g., case history, interviews). Analyses revealed low to moderate positive associations between tools, as well as the use of speech-language samples and number of types of training experiences. Conclusions School-based SLPs in the current study reported using EL assessment practices that comply with federal legislation and professional practice guidelines for EL assessment. These results enhance our understanding of school-based SLPs' assessment practices with ELs and may be indicative of a positive shift toward evidence-based practice.


ASHA Leader ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 26-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Gottfred

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina M. Blaiser ◽  
Mary Ellen Nevins

Interprofessional collaboration is essential to maximize outcomes of young children who are Deaf or Hard-of-Hearing (DHH). Speech-language pathologists, audiologists, educators, developmental therapists, and parents need to work together to ensure the child's hearing technology is fit appropriately to maximize performance in the various communication settings the child encounters. However, although interprofessional collaboration is a key concept in communication sciences and disorders, there is often a disconnect between what is regarded as best professional practice and the self-work needed to put true collaboration into practice. This paper offers practical tools, processes, and suggestions for service providers related to the self-awareness that is often required (yet seldom acknowledged) to create interprofessional teams with the dispositions and behaviors that enhance patient/client care.


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