The Control of Administrative Inaction in the Context of the COVID-19 Health Emergency in France: an Inadequate Response from the Interim Relief Judge?

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-43
Author(s):  
Emilie Chevalier
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Political Context ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
Inadequate Response ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Essential Tool ◽  
Administrative Courts ◽  
Council Of State

Interim remedies before administrative courts are an essential tool for the protection of individuals' fundamental rights in the French legal system. The months of Covid-19 health crisis have given the French administrative courts the opportunity to develop their role when using the so-called 'fundamental rights interim remedy'. In this context, the use of the power of injunction in the context of the fundamental rights interim remedy is not limited to a purely technical dimension. It takes place in a political context and reflects the capacity of the administrative courts, and especially of the Council of State, to play the role of a counter-power vis-à-vis the executive power. This article examines the decisions of the Council of State adopted since 16 March 2020, following fundamental rights interim remedies whose purpose was to request an injunction. It analyses how the fundamental rights interim remedy can be a means of remedying administrative inaction and, on the basis of the analysis of the cases where the requests for interim injunctions have been rejected, it draws lessons on the role of the French administrative courts in the context of the health crisis.

scholarly journals Conciencia y Derecho: Conferencia pronunciada por el padrino de la promoción anual de la Facultad de Derecho el día de la festividad de San Raimundo de Peñafort = Awareness and Law: Conference given by the sponsor of the annual promotion of the Faculty of Law on the day of the feast of St. Raimundo de Peñafort

2018 ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Dionision Llamazares Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Conscientious Objection ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Freedom Of Conscience ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Original Component

<p>La relación entre conciencia y Derecho es mucho más estrecha que la que se reduce a los supuestos de objeción de conciencia. Desde una perspectiva transversal, la conciencia es la columna vertebral de los estudios jurídicos, e incluso de la actividad de todos los operadores  jurídicos. El presente artículo desarrolla tres aspectos de esta relación: la presencia protagonista del derecho de libertad de conciencia en el <em>pacto por la convivencia</em>, base misma del  Derecho; su  presencia igualmente protagonista en la vertebración de las libertades públicas y de los derechos fundamentales (derechos subjetivos); y su papel como principio informador de la estructura y dinamismo del ordenamiento. Finalmente, el artículo concluye subrayando el papel trascendental del derecho a la libre formación de la conciencia como elemento integrante básico y original del derecho de libertad de conciencia.</p><p>The relationship between the conscience and the law is not limited to cases of conscientious objection. From a transversal perspective, conscience is the backbone of legal studies and the activity developed by legal operators. This paper studies three aspects of the relationship between conscience and Law: the right of freedom of conscience in the social coexistence pact, which in one of the bases of the legal system; the presence of freedom of conscience in the organization of the model of public liberties and fundamental rights; and the role of freedom of conscience as an informing principle of the legal system Finally, the paper concludes underlining the transcendental role of the right to the free formation of conscience, as a basic and original component of the right to freedom of conscience.</p>

Uncertainty, Administrative Decision-Making and Judicial Review: The Courts’ Perspectives

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Fabrizio CAFAGGI ◽  
Paola IAMICELI
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Judicial Decision Making ◽  
The Core ◽  
Power Shift ◽  
To Come

The role of courts has been rather significant in the COVID-19 pandemic, weakening the theory that the judiciary is not equipped to contribute to governing crisis management. Although differences exist across countries, depending on institutional varieties and political contexts, the analysis shows that, even in times of emergency, courts can provide the necessary balance to the power shift towards the executives. Both action and inaction affecting fundamental rights have been scrutinised, taking into account fundamental freedoms and the rule of law. Deference to political decision-making has varied across jurisdictions and across the multiple phases of the health crisis. Differences in the balancing have emerged compared to during ordinary times. Uncertainty has played a major role, calling for new strategies in regulatory, administrative and judicial decision-making and new balances between precaution and evidence-based approaches. The role of scientific evidence has been at the core of judicial review to ensure transparency and procedural accountability. Proportionality and reasonableness with multiple conceptual variants across countries have been used to scrutinise the legality of measures. Courts are likely to continue playing a significant but different role in the years to come, when liability issues and recovery measures will likely become the core of litigation.

scholarly journals ‘Poland’ In: ‘Freedom of Assembly in Europe’

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Moulin-Stozek
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Legal System ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Legal Situation ◽  
The Law ◽  
Administrative Courts ◽  
Mainstream Society ◽  
The Right

The right to freedom of assembly is a fundamental right guaranteed by the Polish Constitution. The Law on Assemblies of 1990 regulates matters concerning assemblies in Poland such as procedure, protection and restrictions of assemblies. Authorities in Poland dispose of very limited discretion in prohibiting an assembly, and it is not the role of public officials or administrative courts to analyse ideas and concepts expressed at an assembly either through the prism of their own convictions or the convictions of mainstream society. The legal situation regulating spontaneous assemblies, counter-demonstrations, flash mobs and gatherings organised by means of new technologies is not accurately determined in the Polish legal system. In general, Polish regulations are consistent with the requirements of the European Commission for Democracy through Law.

Family Courts and Human Security in South West Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Oluwaleye Monisola
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Family Courts ◽  
South West ◽  
The Family ◽  
Domestic Violence Against Women

The trend of violence against women in Nigeria has increased more than ever recently, with many women having been deprived of their fundamental rights. Violence against women in Nigeria includes sexual harassment, physical violence, harmful traditional practices, emotional and psychological violence, and socio-economic violence. This article investigates cases of domestic violence against women in South West Nigeria by assessing the role of family courts in the adjudication of such cases. Both primary and secondary sources of data were employed to examine incidents of violence against women and the role of the family courts in ensuring justice. The author employed both primary and secondary sources of data; the data gathered were analysed by frequency and simple percentages, while qualitative data were descriptively analysed. The article reveals the causes of domestic violence against women to include a cultural belief in male superiority, women’s lack of awareness of their rights, women’s poverty owing to joblessness, men seeking sexual satisfaction by force, women having only male children, the social acceptance of discipline, the failure to punish the perpetrators of violence, the influence of alcohol, and in-laws’ interference in marital relationships. It also reveals the nature of domestic violence against women. The research revealed that the family courts have played prominent roles in protecting and defending the rights of women. The author therefore recommends that the law should strengthen the family courts by extending their power to penalise the perpetrators of violence against women. 

دور علماء الإسلام في مواجهة التحديات بين المسلمين في الصين (The Role of The Islamic Scholars In Encountering The Challenges Among The Muslims In China)

1970 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-116
Author(s):  
يونس عبد الله ما تشنغ بين الصيني
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Islamic Faith

الملخّص إن بقاء الإسلام، ورغبة المسلمين في الحفاظ على عقيدة الإسلام، وشريعته السمحاء في الصين راجعة إلى جهود علمائنا الأجلاء الذين نَهَلُوا العلم الصافي من مَعِينِ القرآن والسنة. وخدمتهم من خلال ترجمة معاني القرآن الكريم، وتبسيط العقيدة والشريعة باللغة الصينية خير دليل على ذلك. ويحاول الباحث تسليط الضوء من خلال هذا البحث على طبيعة الإسلام في أرض الصين، كاشفا أمر وضع الإسلام وطبيعة حال المسلمين، وتحدياتهم قديما وحديثا، مبينا محاولتهم على حفاظ دين الإسلام، وأداء شعائره. ويؤمن الباحث من خلال توصيف حالة الإسلام والمسلمين، أن صلاح المسلمين، وبقاءهم كأمة مسالمة لا رغبة لها؛ إلا في الإصلاح، والتعمير في الأرض، فهو لا يتحقق إلا بإصلاح النفس، وعودتها إلى طاعة الله سرا وعلانية دون الإنغماس في تحقيق الرغبات المادية، وإشباع المطامع الشهوانية من خلال جمع حطام الدنيا دون الالتفات إلى حلال وحرام، وطاعة ومعصية.    الكلمات المفتاحيّة: جهود العلماء، ثقافة الإسلام، مصادر الإسلام الأصلية، التحديات، الصين، الدعوة.                                                                                             Abstract The continuation of Islam in China and the aspiration of the Muslims to maintain Islamic faith and its true tolerant legal system retract to the struggles of our respected scholars who learnt the knowledge of the Qurʼan and the Prophetic traditions (al-Sunnah). The services they rendered in translating the meaning of the Qurʼan, simplifying the creed and the legal system of Islam into Chinese language are good indications in that context. In this paper, the researcher is trying to highlight the normal nature of Islam in China by exploring the position and nature of the Muslims, their contemporary and past challenges, and revealing their attempts to preserve the religion of Islam in discharging the religious rites. Through the depiction of Islam and the Muslims, the researcher believes that the wellbeing of Muslims and their continuous survival to be a peace-loving nation could not be achieved without the reform and proper development through self-reformation and its return to full submission to Allah both in private and public life, and without indulging in attainment of material desires and satiating the lust of accumulating ephemeral materials of this world without paying any heed to lawfulness or unlawfulness, or to being obedient or disobedient. Keywords: Effort of the Scholars, Islamic Culture, Noble Origin of Islam, Challenges, Propagation of the Religion.

دور علماء الإسلام في مواجهة التحديات بين المسلمين في الصين The Role of The Islamic Scholars In Encountering The Challenges Among The Muslims In China

1970 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-116
Author(s):  
يونس عبد الله ما تشنغ بين الصيني
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Islamic Faith

الملخّصإن بقاء الإسلام، ورغبة المسلمين في الحفاظ على عقيدة الإسلام، وشريعته السمحاء في الصين راجعة إلى جهود علمائنا الأجلاء الذين نَهَلُوا العلم الصافي من مَعِينِ القرآن والسنة. وخدمتهم من خلال ترجمة معاني القرآن الكريم، وتبسيط العقيدة والشريعة باللغة الصينية خير دليل على ذلك. ويحاول الباحث تسليط الضوء من خلال هذا البحث على طبيعة الإسلام في أرض الصين، كاشفا أمر وضع الإسلام وطبيعة حال المسلمين، وتحدياتهم قديما وحديثا، مبينا محاولتهم على حفاظ دين الإسلام، وأداء شعائره. ويؤمن الباحث من خلال توصيف حالة الإسلام والمسلمين، أن صلاح المسلمين، وبقاءهم كأمة مسالمة لا رغبة لها؛ إلا في الإصلاح، والتعمير في الأرض، فهو لا يتحقق إلا بإصلاح النفس، وعودتها إلى طاعة الله سرا وعلانية دون الإنغماس في تحقيق الرغبات المادية، وإشباع المطامع الشهوانية من خلال جمع حطام الدنيا دون الالتفات إلى حلال وحرام، وطاعة ومعصية.   الكلمات المفتاحيّة: جهود العلماء، ثقافة الإسلام، مصادر الإسلام الأصلية، التحديات، الصين، الدعوة.                                                                                   AbstractThe continuation of Islam in China and the aspiration of the Muslims to maintain Islamic faith and its true tolerant legal system retract to the struggles of our respected scholars who learnt the knowledge of the Qurʼan and the Prophetic traditions (al-Sunnah). The services they rendered in translating the meaning of the Qurʼan, simplifying the creed and the legal system of Islam into Chinese language are good indications in that context. In this paper, the researcher is trying to highlight the normal nature of Islam in China by exploring the position and nature of the Muslims, their contemporary and past challenges, and revealing their attempts to preserve the religion of Islam in discharging the religious rites. Through the depiction of Islam and the Muslims, the researcher believes that the wellbeing of Muslims and their continuous survival to be a peace-loving nation could not be achieved without the reform and proper development through self-reformation and its return to full submission to Allah both in private and public life, and without indulging in attainment of material desires and satiating the lust of accumulating ephemeral materials of this world without paying any heed to lawfulness or unlawfulness, or to being obedient or disobedient.Keywords: Effort of the Scholars, Islamic Culture, Noble Origin of Islam, Challenges, Propagation of the Religion.

PLACE OF JUDICIAL PRECEDENT IN THE LEGAL SYSTEM OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Globus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Sharifovna Kiyan ◽  
Viktoriya Valerevna Klimentenko
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
Legal Study ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Russian Federation

This article discusses a comprehensive theoretical and legal study of the place of case law in the system of sources of law of the Russian Federation. The major focus is devoted to the analysis of various theoretical approaches and court acts that allow to determine the role of case law in the Russian legal system. The conclusion is made that it is necessary to define legally the role of case law and determine its place in the Russian legal system

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