8. "Nothing More to Talk About": Nuclear Testing under Brezhnev

ABSTRACT The application of accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon (AMS 14C) dating in forensics is made possible by the use of the large excursion of the 14C concentration in the post-WWII terrestrial atmosphere due to nuclear testing as a reference curve for data calibration. By this approach high-precision analyses are possible on samples younger than ∼70 years. Nevertheless, the routine, widespread application of the method in the practice of forensics still appears to be limited by different issues due to possible complex interpretation of the results. We present the results of an intercomparison exercise carried out in the framework of an International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) CRP-Coordinated Research Project between three AMS laboratories in Italy, Hungary, and Switzerland. Bone and ivory samples were selected with ages spanning from background (>50 ka) to 2018. The results obtained allow us to assess the high degree of reproducibility of the results and the remarkable consistency of the experimental determinations.

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Perceived Risks from Radiation and Nuclear Testing Near Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: A Comparison Between Physicians, Scientists, and the Public

Risk Analysis ◽

10.1111/j.1539-6924.2007.00882.x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 291-302 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Kathleen L. Purvis-Roberts ◽

Cynthia A. Werner ◽

Irene Frank

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Testing ◽

Perceived Risks ◽

The Public

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The Carter Administration and the Evolution of American Nuclear Nonproliferation Policy, 1977–1981

Journal of Policy History ◽

10.1353/jph.2002.0019 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 261-292 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

J. Michael Martinez

Keyword(s):

Soviet Union ◽

Nuclear Weapons ◽

Nuclear Nonproliferation ◽

Nuclear Testing ◽

Energy Agency ◽

The Soviet Union ◽

Subsequent Response ◽

The World ◽

Uncertain Time ◽

First Time

In the wake of India's May 1998 decision to resume nuclear testing for the first time since 1974, as well as arch-rival Pakistan's subsequent response, the attention of the world again has focused on nuclear nonproliferation policy as a means of maintaining stability in politically troubled regions of the world. The 1990s proved to be an uncertain time for nonproliferation policy. Pakistan acquired nuclear capabilities. Iraq displayed its well-known intransigence by refusing to allow International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) arms inspectors access to facilities suspected of manufacturing nuclear weapons. North Korea maintained a nuclear weapons program despite opposition from many Western nations. Troubling questions about nuclear holdings persisted in Argentina, Brazil, and South Africa. New nuclear powers were created in Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Ukraine after the disintegration of the Soviet Union. Even the renewal of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons in 1995 failed to assuage the concerns of Western powers fearful of aggressive measures undertaken by rogue nuclear proliferants.

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Nuclear Testing: The Rival Series Are Not Likely To Go On and On

Science ◽

10.1126/science.136.3514.375 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 136 (3514) ◽

pp. 375-376

Author(s):

H. Margolis

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Testing

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STUDY AND ESTIMATION OF THE RATIO OF 137CS AND 40K SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES IN SANDY AND LOAM SOILS / 137CS IR 40K SAVITŲJŲ AKTYVUMŲ SANTYKIŲ TYRIMAS IR VERTINIMAS PRIESMĖLIO IR PRIEMOLIO DIRVOŽEMYJE

Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis ◽

10.3846/mla.2011.084 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

pp. 37-42

Author(s):

Renata Mikalauskienė ◽

Donatas Butkus ◽

Ingrida Pliopaitė Bataitienė

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Nuclear Testing ◽

Specific Activities ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Chernobyl Nuclear Plant ◽

Properties Of Soil ◽

And Chemical Properties

The present article describes changes in specific activities and fluctuations in the ratio of natural 40K and artificial 137Cs radionuclides in soil samples taken from different places of Lithuanian territory. The samples of soil have been selected from the districts polluted after the accident in Chernobyl nuclear plant performing nuclear testing operations. The study has established the main physical and chemical properties of soil samples and their impact on the concentration of 40K activities. 137Cs/40K specific activities in soil have been observed under the dry weight of the sample that varied from 0.0034 to 0.0240. The results of the study could be used for establishing and estimating 137Csand 40K transfer in the system “soil-plant”. Santrauka Straipsnyje nagrinėjama gamtinės (40K) ir dirbtinės (137Cs) kilmės radionuklidų savitųjų aktyvumų ir jų santykio kaita skirtinguose Lietuvos teritorijos dirvožemiuose. Dirvožemio mėginiai parinkti iš vietovių, kurios buvo labiau užterštos po Černobylio atominės elektrinės avarijos ir buvusių branduolinių bandymų. Tyrimo metu nustatytos pagrindinės fizinės cheminės dirvožemio savybės ir jų poveikis 40K aktyvumų koncentracijai. 137Csir 40K savitieji aktyvumai dirvožemyje tirti esant sausam mėginio svoriui. 137Cs savitieji aktyvumai sausame dirvožemyje svyravo nuo 1,1±1,0 iki 14,3±0,9 Bq/kg, o 40K savitieji aktyvumai – nuo 326±29 iki 740±15 Bq/kg. 137Csir 40K savitųjų aktyvumų santykis skirtingų vietovių dirvožemiuose kito nuo 0,0034 iki 0,0240 Bq/kg. Tyrimo rezultatai gali būti panaudoti, nustatant ir įvertinant 137Csir 40K pernašą sistemoje dirvožemis–augalai.

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