The Affairs of the Five Nations with the Neighbouring English Colonies.

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cadwallader Colden
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
New England ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
English Colonies

This chapter describes the relationship between the Five Nations and their English neighbors. Amply supplied with firearms and ammunition, the Five Nations launched a campaign to avenge the affronts received from their neighbors as well as make all the Nations around them their tributaries. As a result, the Five Nations “over-ran” the greatest part of North America. They carried their arms as far South as Carolina, and to the Northward of New England, and as far west as the River Mississippi, and destroyed many Nations that resisted. These war-like expeditions also became troublesome for the colonies of Virginia and Maryland. Not only did the Indians who were friends with those colonies become “victims to the fury of the Five Nations,” but also the Christian inhabitants.

Deploying Amazons

2018 ◽  
pp. 80-102
Author(s):  
Gina M. Martino
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
New England ◽  
Role Models ◽  
New France ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Women Warriors ◽  
Cotton Mather ◽  
Jesuit Missionaries ◽  
The Relationship

Chapter 3 explores the relationship between women’s war making in the northeastern borderlands and propaganda. It argues that political and religious leaders used accounts of women’s martial activities to improve morale and influence policy at local, colonial, and imperial levels. Images of Amazons and other mythical and historical women warriors often appeared in this propaganda, establishing a precedent for women’s actions in North America and adding excitement and familiar literary figures that resonated with readers. In New France, Jesuit missionaries used the figure of the Amazon to positively portray Native female combatants as well as brave nuns who traveled to Canada. They also used their published reports, the Jesuit Relations, to urge wealthy French women to be brave like Canada’s Amazon-nuns and donate to the mission. In New England, officials held up women who made war (such as Hannah Dustan) as positive, Christian role models when morale was low, and writers such as the Rev. Cotton Mather sent accounts of women’s war making to England in attempts to shape imperial policy.

Historical and phenological observations on the spread of Chaenorrhinum minus across North America

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark P. Widrlechner
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Reproductive Maturity ◽  
Phenological Data ◽  
Dispersal Mechanism ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
The Relationship

Through a review of floristic and taxonomic literature and an examination of over 1500 herbarium specimens, this report documents the rapid spread of Chaenorrhinum minus (L.) Lange along railroads across North America. The relationship between C. minus and railroads is described and phenological data on flowering and fruiting are presented. The combination of an effective dispersal mechanism and the rapid onset of reproductive maturity contributes to the species' adaptive success.

Abstract P139: Rates of Low Output Failure After Cardiac Surgery Cannot Be Explained Solely by Preoperative Characteristics

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald S Likosky ◽  
Yvon R Baribeau ◽  
Jeremiah R Brown ◽  
Benjamin M Westbrook ◽  
Lawrence J Dacey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Case Volume ◽  
Cabg Surgery ◽  
Operative Outcomes ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Protective Strategy ◽  
Northern New England ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Post-operative low output failure (LOF) is an important contributor to morbidity and mortality during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery, and may result from poor myocardial protection. We hypothesized that rates of LOF would vary across surgeons, in part attributed to their myocardial protective strategy. Methods: We identified 11,838 patients undergoing non-emergent, isolated CABG surgery utilizing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) at 8 centers in northern New England from 2001-2009. Our cohort included patients with preoperative ejection fractions 40+% and patients operated on by surgeons who performed 80+ CABG procedures during the time period. Patients with preoperative balloon pumps were excluded. LOF was defined as the need for an intra- or post-operative balloon pump, or return to CPB or 2+ inotropes at 48 hours. Predicted rates of LOF were estimated using logistic regression. Results: Case volume varied across surgeons (range: 80-766, median: 344). Overall rate of LOF was 5.3% (return to CPB: 3.2%, balloon pump: 1.8%, inotrope usage: 1.3%). While predicted risk of LOF did not differ across surgeons, p=0.381, observed rates varied from 1.1% to 15.6%, p=0.003 (Figure). Post-operative outcomes, including death (ptrend=0.03) or stroke (ptrend =0.02), significantly increased across surgical LOF strata (low: <2%, medium: 3-9%, high: 10+%). Conclusions There was a 14-fold variability in rates of LOF across surgeons among patients with ejection fractions 40+%. This variability could not be explained by patient case mix. Future work should focus on understanding the relationship between myocardial protective strategy and risk of LOF.

Does Civil Society Matter? Governance in Contemporary India

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 456-457
Author(s):  
Reeta Chowdhari Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
North America ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Actual Case ◽  
The North ◽  
Fresh Perspective ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Conceptualization

Does Civil Society Matter? Governance in Contemporary India, Rajesh Tandon and Ranjita Mohanty, eds., New Delhi: Thousand Oaks, London: Sage Publications, 2003, pp. 363.In the last decade in North America, there has been an explosion of books on the subject of civil society. Like so many other concepts in contemporary political science, the notion of civil society has been imported to analyze other polities outside the North American hemisphere, and India is no exception. However, Tandon and Mohanty's edited book presents a fresh perspective by combining academic analysis with that of on-the-ground practitioners to examine the relationship between civil society and governance. The book is divided into two parts: the first deals with the theoretical conceptualization of civil society and the second with actual case studies.

A Possible New Class of Prehistoric Musical Instruments from New England: Portable Cylindrical Lithophones

2013 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 520-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
New England ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
Old World ◽  
The Real ◽  
Acoustical Properties ◽  
New Class

AbstractWith one exception, which has been described as a suspended “kiva bell,” long stone rods have been interpreted throughout the archaeological literature of North America as whetstones or pestles. Two particularly long rods in a collection of prehistoric artifacts from New England raise questions as to the real use of some of these objects. The prevailing interpretations of the two artifacts may be incorrect, or at least incomplete, because the rods lack the kinds of wear that are found on most whetstones or pestles. They also have different acoustical properties from true pestles, which are usually shorter, and are identical in materials, acoustics, and form to probable prehistoric lithophones from the Old World, which can be played on the lap. The identification of the pair of rods as good candidates for being the first known cylindrical, two-toned prehistoric lithophones from New England introduces a new avenue for the study of fossil sounds and rituals in both the region and continent because it is likely that similar artifacts will be examined for characteristic wear, tested acoustically, and recognized as the objects of prestige and ceremony that they may have been in their role as un-suspended musical instruments.

Wilhelm Von Humboldt and North American Ethnolinguistics

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 111-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. F. Konrad Koerner
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Wilhelm Von Humboldt ◽  
Franz Boas ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Language Structure ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
General Linguistics ◽  
The Relationship

Summary Noam Chomsky’s frequent references to the work of Wilhelm von Humboldt during the 1960s produced a considerable revival of interest in this 19th-century scholar in North America. This paper demonstrates that there has been a long-standing influence of Humboldt’s ideas on American linguistics and that no ‘rediscovery’ was required. Although Humboldt’s first contacts with North-American scholars goes back to 1803, the present paper is confined to the posthumous phase of his influence which begins with the work of Heymann Steinthal (1823–1899) from about 1850 onwards. This was also a time when many young Americans went to Germany to complete their education; for instance William Dwight Whitney (1827–1894) spent several years at the universities of Tübingen and Berlin (1850–1854), and in his writings on general linguistics one can trace Humboldtian ideas. In 1885 Daniel G. Brinton (1837–1899) published an English translation of a manuscript by Humboldt on the structure of the verb in Amerindian languages. A year later Franz Boas (1858–1942) arrived from Berlin soon to establish himself as the foremost anthropologist with a strong interest in native language and culture. From then on we encounter Humboldtian ideas in the work of a number of North American anthropological linguists, most notably in the work of Edward Sapir (1884–1939). This is not only true with regard to matters of language classification and typology but also with regard to the philosophy of language, specifically, the relationship between a particular language structure and the kind of thinking it reflects or determines on the part of its speakers. Humboldtian ideas of ‘linguistic relativity’, enunciated in the writings of Whitney, Brinton, Boas, and others, were subsequently developed further by Sapir’s student Benjamin Lee Whorf (1897–1941). The transmission of the so-called Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis – which still today is attracting interest among cultural anthropologists and social psychologists, not only in North America – is the focus of the remainder of the paper. A general Humboldtian approach to language and culture, it is argued, is still present in the work of Dell Hymes and several of his students.

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