Psychologický kapitál v pracovní, klinické a školní psychologii: přehledová studie

The overview study sums up the contemporary knowledge concerning the psychological capital (PsyCap). It represents a relatively new but rapidly developing construct in the field of positive psychology and has applications in organizational, educational, and health psychology. The study starts with the theoretical conceptualization of PsyCap and presents its four components: hope, self-efficacy, optimism, and resilience. It provides a comprehensive review of the positive outcomes and correlates of PsyCap across multiple life domains. Next, it describes the antecedents and possible interventions supporting the development of PsyCap. It takes notice of the PsyCap measurement and evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of available methods. Finally, the study summarizes current trends in the study of PsyCap and formulates directives for research and practice in Czech organizations, education, and counselling.

COSMONYMY IN THE OSTROH BIBLE AND ITS UKRAINIAN TRANSLATION

The article explores the names of the astronomic objects, used by the scientists, who translated and edited the Ostroh Bible of 1580/1581, and those equivalents, which were represented by the translator of the Ostroh Bible to Ukrainian, Father Raphael (Roman Turkonyak). The article consists of the introduction, where the history of cosmonymy studies in Slavic and non-Slavic linguistic literature is discussed, and five sections, devoted to the history of the Ostroh Bible’s creation, to the separate names (dennitsa, mazurot, vlasozhelische, kruzhiliye); the article is completed by the conclusions. The aim of the article is the search of the primary nominations, to which the Ostroh Bible cosmonyms refer, the study of the ways of their translation by the ancient Slavic translators and the representation of the equivalents in the latest Ukrainian translation by the archimandrite, Father Raphael. The main methods of research are historical-comparative and comparative-historical. The result of the research: astronominations of the Ostroh Bible are rooted in the translations by the first teachers of the Slavs, brothers Cyril and Methodius, or the translators from their close circle. Conclusions Cosmonymy as onomastic discipline has not been sufficiently elaborated and needs the theoretical conceptualization in the context of the achievements in the modern linguistics. Not enough attention is paid to the study of astronominations in the Biblical codes in different languages. The hypothesis has been proved that cosmonyms vlasozhelischi and kruzhiliye in the Ostroh Bible are the semantic hebraisms, and that the name vlasozhelischi is a modification of the combination of two lexical units: vlasy “Pleiads” and *zhelischi – nominations of the Great Bear with conveying the Judaic perspective of the constellation as a funeral procession. The Ukrainian translator uses the wide spectrum of names: Greek Pleiads, Orion, Espera “night Venus”, Slavism dennitsa, Hebraism mazurot, and word combinations rannya zorya, rannya zvizda, vechirnya zorya. If the ancient translators turned not only to Greek, but also to Ancient Hebrew primary source in the process of word formation, Father Raphael saw his main task in conveying astronomic names of the protograph – the Ostroh Bible – as precisely as possible.

CRITICAL REVIEW OF J. CHAN'S MODEL OF SOCIAL COHESION MEASUREMENT: PERSPECTIVES OF ADAPTATION TO THE UKRAINIAN CONTEXT

The article is devoted to identifying the "weaknesses" of J. Chan's model of social cohesion theoretical conceptualization and empirical measurement and outlining promising areas for its adaptation to the Ukrainian context. It's summarized the necessity of refining the definition of social cohesion from the standpoint of social dynamics, supplementing the subjective component of the model with "value" indicators, diversification with projective issues in order to avoid the "spiral of silence" and Lapierre's paradox.

Exploring awareness of age-related changes among over 50s in the UK: findings from the PROTECT study

ABSTRACT Objectives: Older people describe positive and negative age-related changes, but we do not know much about what contributes to make them aware of these changes. We used content analysis to categorize participants’ written comments and explored the extent to which the identified categories mapped onto theoretical conceptualizations of influences on awareness of age-related change (AARC). Design: Cross-sectional observational study. Participants: The study sample comprised 609 UK individuals aged 50 years or over (mean (SD) age = 67.9 (7.6) years), enrolled in the PROTECT study. Measurements: Between January and March 2019, participants provided demographic information, completed a questionnaire assessing awareness of age-related change (AARC-10 SF), and responded to an open-ended question asking them to comment on their responses. Results: While some of the emerging categories were in line with the existing conceptual framework of AARC (e.g. experiencing negative changes and attitudes toward aging), others were novel (e.g. engagement in purposeful activities or in activities that distract from age-related thoughts). Analysis revealed some of the thought processes involved in selecting responses to the questionnaire items, demonstrating different ways in which people make sense of specific items. Conclusions: Results support the ability of the AARC questionnaire to capture perceived age-related changes in cognitive functioning, physical and mental health, and engagement in social activities and in healthy and adaptive behaviors. However, findings also suggest ways of enriching the theoretical conceptualization of how AARC develops and offer insights into interpretation of responses to measures of AARC.

Conjectural schema using Quantum mechanics-AI to express and interpret emotional intellect in a social robot

In this paper, the study represents a theoretical conceptualization on the potential improvements to interpret and devise under the notion of quantum mechanics & AI utilizing psychology for social robots. The framework is elaborated in regard to the development of emotions encoded through information and possibilities, which manipulates the use of transitions of these emotions in states through the Quantum & AI measurements. To support the development, work introduced is an interpretation of quantum mechanics, linked with quantum science, systems science, and Conceptualized Neural Network. The understanding of these emotions are expected to impact the technical capability of robots in a specific aspect to sense, capture, and act in an environment relied on optimization of quantum bits, where a robot, perform these emotions through a network which will allow interaction with the given target, changing the robot’s state of response according to optimization and gates from target itself, computing the robot’s emotional performance based on measurement and mathematical expressions changing in accordance to the available information. This method will help to emphasize its viability and effectiveness in the synthesis of emotional intellect in social robots.

Conceptual Approaches of Prospective Pedagogy

The theoretical and methodological foundation of Prospective Pedagogy has become one of the key issues of contemporary pedagogy, when exploring various aspects of the science of education related to personality formation, to deal requiments for present and future. The analysis perspectives of the prospective education presented the degree of complexity in terms of the characteristics that were inserted in the research, as conditions of its conceptualization. Studies of general epistemology state four main conditions that a certain field of knowledge must meet in order to acquire the status of science: to have its own research object, to develop a conceptual and explanatory system; to have its own methods and techniques; investigation of the object of study reunited in a scientific methodology; and, to have a praxiology of the field, in the sense of influencing, directing, and controlling the phenomena it studies. Thus, it confirms the theoretical conceptualization of the paradigm of prospective education, as science of education.

Teaching and Learning with Technology During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Highlighting the Need for Micro-Meso-Macro Alignments

All over the world teaching and learning transitioned to forms of online education due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In this contribution, we recognize challenges that this disruptive change brought about for teachers and learners. We reflect on these challenges, based on discussions at EDUsummIT2019 in Quebec about the theme “Learners and learning contexts: New alignments for the digital age”. Informed by theoretical conceptualization and empirical evidence we identify micro-meso-macro alignments that need to be in place to move education into the digital age: alignments for quality learning contexts, alignments in support for teachers, and alignments through partnerships.